Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2018-01-24T21:57:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O_CAROLINE.pdf: 27346128 bytes, checksum: 79fc412c5a94dfcabf1723372ffb33c6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-24T21:57:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O_CAROLINE.pdf: 27346128 bytes, checksum: 79fc412c5a94dfcabf1723372ffb33c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-31 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia - FAPEB / This research presents a case study in the municipality of Feira de Santana-BA where it was held structuring of vector data, specifically cadastre database. The study was based on the principles specified in Portaria # 511 of the Ministry of Cities, in order to get a consistent result with the guidelines for future implementation of a Territorial Multipurpose Cadastre and be allowance for management and territorial planning. To achieve the proposed objectives, the methodology was based on the structure of the cadastre data in a GIS environment, through free softwares to enable the continuity of work by the prefecture. The main results obtained were: a descriptive database organized in GIS architecture; lots vectorized and also associated with their respective information; and examples of applications for municipal management through thematic maps (standard, tipology type, land?s topography and pedology, land use and property tax aliquots). These results, as well as diagnose and analyze the registration status, encourage the discussion of the inspection and application of the laws, and also show to be a tool to aid in the actions of municipal planning and management. / Este trabalho apresenta um estudo de caso no munic?pio de Feira de Santana-BA onde foi realizada estrutura??o de dados vetoriais, especificamente informa??es cadastrais. A pesquisa foi fundamentada nos princ?pios indicados na Portaria n.? 511/2009 do Minist?rio das Cidades, a fim de obter um resultado condizente para futura implementa??o de um Cadastro Territorial Multifinalit?rio, assim como ser subs?dio para gest?o e planejamento territorial. Para alcan?ar os objetivos propostos, a metodologia aplicada baseou-se na estrutura??o dos dados cadastrais em ambiente SIG, atrav?s de softwares livres de modo a possibilitar a continuidade do trabalho por parte da prefeitura. Como principais produtos, foram obtidos: um banco de dados descritivos organizado em arquitetura de SIG; lotes vetorizados e associados ?s suas respectivas informa??es cadastrais; e exemplos de aplica??es para gest?o municipal atrav?s de mapas tem?ticos (padr?o, tipologia dos im?veis; topografia e pedologia do terreno; uso do solo e al?quotas do IPTU). Estes resultados, al?m de diagnosticar e analisar a situa??o cadastral, incitam ? discuss?o da fiscaliza??o e aplica??o das legisla??es, al?m de demonstrarem ser uma ferramenta de aux?lio nas a??es de planejamento e gest?o municipal.

O Brasil já acumula certa experiência em termos de planejamento urbano. Um expressivo número de cidades, de todos os portes, elabora planos e implementa ações que, de maneira explícita ou não, visam planejar a realidade urbana local. Entretanto, de uma parte, tais planos e ações apresentam enorme diversidade e, de outra, em cada um deles o planejamento urbano tem sido objeto de interpretações conceituais divergentes. Do ponto de vista da pesquisa, os problemas conceituais que envolvem a noção de planejamento urbano em nosso país, bem como a identificação e crítica das práticas a ele associadas, têm sido abordados quase sempre a partir do estudo de experiências realizadas em cidades grandes e médias. O foco deste trabalho é compreender como esta problemática se apresenta em pequenas cidades, através da análise da experiência de quadro municipalidades do sul do Brasil, localizadas na região do Vale do Jaguari. / The theme of this dissertation is the practice of planning in small towns. Brazil has accumulated some experience in terms of urban planning. A significant number of cities, large, medium or small, develops and implements action plans that, explicitly or not, are to local urban planning reality. However, it appears that such plans and actions are diverse, and also that the very notion of urban planning has been subject to different conceptual interpretations. The conceptual problems surrounding the notion of urban planning in our country, as well as the identification and critique of the practices associated with it, have been approached mainly from the study of experiences in large and medium cities. The focus of this work is to understand how this problem arises in our small towns.

O Brasil já acumula certa experiência em termos de planejamento urbano. Um expressivo número de cidades, de todos os portes, elabora planos e implementa ações que, de maneira explícita ou não, visam planejar a realidade urbana local. Entretanto, de uma parte, tais planos e ações apresentam enorme diversidade e, de outra, em cada um deles o planejamento urbano tem sido objeto de interpretações conceituais divergentes. Do ponto de vista da pesquisa, os problemas conceituais que envolvem a noção de planejamento urbano em nosso país, bem como a identificação e crítica das práticas a ele associadas, têm sido abordados quase sempre a partir do estudo de experiências realizadas em cidades grandes e médias. O foco deste trabalho é compreender como esta problemática se apresenta em pequenas cidades, através da análise da experiência de quadro municipalidades do sul do Brasil, localizadas na região do Vale do Jaguari. / The theme of this dissertation is the practice of planning in small towns. Brazil has accumulated some experience in terms of urban planning. A significant number of cities, large, medium or small, develops and implements action plans that, explicitly or not, are to local urban planning reality. However, it appears that such plans and actions are diverse, and also that the very notion of urban planning has been subject to different conceptual interpretations. The conceptual problems surrounding the notion of urban planning in our country, as well as the identification and critique of the practices associated with it, have been approached mainly from the study of experiences in large and medium cities. The focus of this work is to understand how this problem arises in our small towns.

Este trabalho apresenta um método de mapeamento geológico-geotécnico baseado no método da Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos/USP, porém modificado para incorporação dos aspectos considerados positivos do método utilizado pelo Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo e do detalhamento progressivo, utilizado pela UNESP-Rio Claro. O método proposto é adequado para trabalhos de diagnóstico das características geológico-geotécnicas de interesse para o gerenciamento do uso do solo, principalmente para o planejamento municipal e elaboração de planos diretores. O método foi aplicado ao município de Analândia - SP e permitiu a proposição de diretrizes para o gerenciamento do uso do solo no município como um todo, que foi mapeado na escala 1:50.000, e na área de expansão urbana, mapeada na escala 1:10.000, por ter sido identificada como a região do município onde os processos geológicos, notadamente erosão acelerada, apresentam maior tendência de crescimento. / This essay presents an engineering geological mapping method based on the method used by the Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos (EESC) of the São Paulo University (USP), which also incorporates the positive aspects of two other methods currently used in São Paulo state: the one used by Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas (IPT) and the so called progressive detailing method, used by the UNESP-Rio Claro. This method aims at composing a diagnosis of the geological and geotechnical aspects of the natural environment and providing the information on it in a way that planners find of value for planning land use in urban and rural areas. It has been used in the municipality of Analândia-SP and it allowed the formulation of the directions for land use in the whole municipality, which has been mapped in a regional scale (1:50.000), and in the urban area, which has been mapped in a more detailed scale (1:10.000), once it has been identified as the area where geological processes, remarkably soil erosion, have increased most in recent years.

This research started by recognizing the role that local, municipal governments can play to reach the global goal of sustainability. In addition,a municipal community must be able to cope with change and disturbance in order to successfully achieve a sustainable future. This research investigates how improving municipal resilience can be a strategy to reach sustainability, and answers the primary research question “How can planning resilience help a municipal government lead a community towards sustainability?” Research was conducted through an inter-disciplinary literature review focusing on identifying key characteristics of resilience.Other methods included diagramming exercises to identify factors which foster or undermine resilience characteristics. Finally, implementable measures where identified which municipalities can implement to improve resilience and sustainability. These measures were selected using a synergy matrix, which helps select measures which most support principles for sustainability and resilience characteristics. The feasibility and current adoption of such measures was checked through interviews with municipal experts of Swedish, Canadian and Finnish municipalities.

Uppsatsens syfte är att belysa hur den kommunala planeringen hanterar problematiken kring översvämningsrisker i praktiken vid waterfront housing-projekt. Genom att ta utgångspunkt i Granberg, Nyberg & Modhs, (2016) artikel om konkurrens och klimatanpassning i Karlstad, ämnar uppsatsen besvara frågeställningar kring hur klimatanpassning tillämpas i praktiken inom den kommunala planeringen, kopplat till översvämningsrisker vid waterfront housing-projekt. Dessutom undersöks kommunens påverkansmöjligheter när det kommer till att föra in klimatanpassning, kopplat till översvämningsrisken, vid waterfront housing-projekt. För att besvara frågeställningarna har en fallstudie genomförts på Kvarteret Kanoten i Karlstad. Uppsatsen tillämpar en kvalitativ metod i form av innehållsanalys av tillhörande kommunala handlingar för området och kompletteras med två intervjuer med två kommunala tjänstemän som varit delaktiga i planprocessen. Resultatet visar att den kommunala planeringen, med hjälp av tekniska lösningar, försöker förhindra, reducera samt vara beredda på översvämningsrisken. På så sätt översvämningsskyddas området samtidigt som exploatering möjliggörs. Resultatet pekar även på stora påverkansmöjligheter från den kommunala planeringens sida att föra in klimatanpassning. Främst genom den stora kunskap kring översvämningsnivåer och riskscenarion som finns tillgänglig. Det stora antalet exploatörer i området gör även att den kommunala planeringen kan lägga kostnaderna för översvämningsskyddet på de som vill bebygga området, vilket ökar de ekonomiska möjligheterna att få till ett bra skydd. Slutligen identifieras en brist på ett övergripande perspektiv som studerar översvämningshotet som helhet och på så sätt skapar möjligheter att urskilja lösningar som skyddar större områden. Som slutsats bekräftas Granberg, Nyberg & Modhs, (2016) forskningsartikel om att det ekonomiska perspektivet styr klimatanpassningsåtgärder. Klimatanpassning sker inte genom att undvika exploatering av dessa attraktiva områden, utan appliceras snarare när beslut om exploatering tagits. Skydd mot översvämning tillämpas i form av tekniska lösningar, vilket vittnar om en stor tilltro till tekniska lösningar och ekologisk modernisering från den kommunala planeringens sida att hantera problematiken. / The aim of this essay is to illustrate how the municipal planning deal with problems regarding the risk of flooding in practice, specifically in waterfront housing-projects. Taking a starting point in an article of Granberg, Nyberg & Modh (2016) about competitiveness and climate adaption in the city of Karlstad, this essay intends to answer research questions about how climate adaption is implemented practically in municipal planning, linked to the risk of flooding, in waterfront housing-projects. Also, the level of influence from the municipal planning to implement climate adaption measures in waterfront housing-projects is also investigated. To answer the research questions, a case study is applied on Kanoten, a waterfront area in Karlstad, Sweden. The essay applies a qualitative research approach with an analysis of content on related municipal documents and is supplemented with interviews with two municipal officials who were involved in the planning process of the area. The results show that the municipal planning, with the help of technical solutions, tries to handle the problem by preventing, reducing and preparing for the risk of flooding. In that way, the area is protected from flooding and available for exploitation at the same time. As it turns out, the result also indicates great possibilities for the municipal planning to implement climate adaption, mostly thanks to the great amount of knowledge on levels and potential scenarios on flooding that is available. The many developers in the area means that the municipal is able to put the costs of the flooding protection on those who want to exploit the area, making financial support and opportunities for protecting the area from flooding much better. Lastly, a deficiency is identified in terms of a broader perspective when looking at the threat of flooding in the city, a perspective that would be able to find solutions that protect larger areas. As a conclusion, the main findings of Granberg, Nyberg & Modh, (2016), regarding the superiority of the economical perspective that controls climate adaption measures, are confirmed by this essay. Climate adaption is not practiced by avoiding these attractive areas, but rather, it is applied when the decision to exploit the area is taken. Protection against flooding is applied through technical solutions which speaks of a great belief in these measures and ecological modernization from the perspective of the municipal planning to be able to handle the problem.

Ecosystem services (ES) are highly important for the municipalities to work with since their function as decision-making authority decides about the exploitation of the commune. The degrading of biodiversity is at its highest speed and the ecosystems and the services they provide is at stake. The EU and the Swedish government have therefore decided on goals for ES which affect the municipalities. The purpose of this study is to investigate how Swedish municipalities are working with ES, focusing on the environmental planning, and whether there is a difference between larger and smaller municipalities. A survey was sent to all municipalities in Sweden and 135 of them participated. Comparison was done between three groups depending on population size. The results show that despite all the goals, guidelines and methods that exist, something is missing. Only half of them uses the guidelines and methods, and more than half of them says that knowledge partially is missing among them. There is a difference in this integration and knowledge when comparing large municipalities to smaller ones, which can be explained by lack of expertise, budget and time, but also lack of exploration in smaller municipalities. To achieve the goals and improve the work with ES, simple, user- friendly guidelines and methods is requested but also a widespread knowledge in the whole management. One big reason why not all municipalities are working with this is lack of legislation.

With a growing world population, changing climate, and a greater reliance on electricity, global energy consumption is expected to continue to increase. Solar and wind energy are good options as they are renewable, safe and do not contribute to a lot of emissions as other energy sources. As both energy sources are growing in capacity, it is necessary that they are properly integrated in the planning processes, which should be reflected in the planning documents of municipalities. The aim of this thesis was to examine and compare how the municipalities of Linköping and Örebro integrate wind and solar energy into their planning documents. Additionally, to study the role of external actors and identify possible obstacles for the expansion of renewable energy production in the municipalities. The documents from both municipalities revealed that both municipalities integrate renewable energy through specific goals and plans for wind and solar energy. Linköping focuses on becoming a leader in solar energy production, while Örebro faces fewer obstacles in expanding both wind and solar energy. Both municipalities also work with energy companies and collaborate with various actors to achieve renewable energy goals, as the companies contribute with knowledge, finances, and innovation. The main challenges identified include prohibited areas designated by the armed forces, possible opposition from local communities, and long application processes. Although the research questions were responded to, the potential outcome of this thesis is recognised to have been enhanced and produced more substantial results and contributions, if a more comprehensive method approach was taken.

The world is currently facing a changing climate and the various negative effects that it entails. In recent decades, enhanced climate adaptation responses have therefore become increasingly common across the world. In Sweden, climate adaptation through urban planning has mainly focused on challenges such as flooding, erosion and sea level rise rather than heat. However, warmer temperatures are recognised as one of the main challenges of climate change, not least for urban areas and the people who live there. Thus, the aim of this thesis was to explore how Swedish municipalities with larger cities work with urban planning to address the challenges of warmer temperatures and how strategies for adaptation to urban heat are portrayed in municipal planning documents. This was done through a qualitative document analysis of municipal planning documents from three Swedish municipalities, Huddinge, Kristianstad and Norrköping. The results show that Swedish municipalities in the planning documents mainly portray urban heat as problematic but that some municipalities also choose to highlight possible positive effects. Furthermore, the results show that preserving and enhancing green structures of various sizes can be considered the main strategy for climate adaptation to urban heat in Swedish municipalities. However, some municipalities are also working with a few other strategies, including local investigations, technical measures and increased local knowledge. Lastly, some Swedish municipalities can also be understood to have as strategy to work with clearly formulated goals and measures in their planning documents.

Grundvatten är en viktig del av dricksvattenförsörjningen och en begränsad resurs, speciellt i kustområden. För att den framtida grundvattentillgången ska vara säkerställd är det viktigt att inkludera grundvatten i planeringsprocesser, där kommunerna har en bidragande roll. Därför är syftet att undersöka och analysera hur svenska kustkommuner arbetar med samt planerar för en hållbar tillgång på grundvatten som livsmedel, i enlighet med miljökvalitetsmålet Grundvatten av god kvalitet. En litteraturstudie med kompletterande fallstudier av kustkommunerna Norrtälje, Oskarshamn och Tyresö utgör underlag till rapporten. Grundvattnet påverkas av flertalet faktorer som geologins, klimatets och människors aktivitet. De grundvattenproblem som kommunala dokument behandlar i störst utsträckning är de som relaterar till den enskilda dricksvattenförsörjningen, vilket är ett område där möjligheterna till reglering inte utnyttjas. För de undersökta kommunerna hade bland annat kommunala vattenförsörjningsplaner kunnat bidra till en mer hållbar hantering av grundvattenresurser. / Groundwater is an important part of the drinking water supply and a limited resource, especially in coastal areas. To ensure future groundwater supplies, municipalities should include groundwater in their planning documents. Therefore, the aim is to investigate and analyse how Swedish coastal municipalities manage and plan for a sustainable groundwater drinking supply, according to the Swedish environmental quality objective Good-quality groundwater. The study is based on a literature review and three complementary case-studies of the Swedish coastal municipalities Norrtälje, Oskarshamn and Tyresö. There are many factors that affect the groundwater, such as geology, climate and human activities. The groundwater problems that municipal documents consider to the greatest extent are those related to private water supplies, particularly drilled wells. However, this is a field where the possibilities for regulation are not utilized amongst the municipalities. The case-studies indicate, among other things, that a document for water supply could contribute to sustainable groundwater management, at least for the investigated coastal municipalities.