Os Prolapsos de Órgãos Pélvicos (POP) apresentam alta prevalência na população feminina causando grande impacto negativo, social, econômico e financeiro. Apesar de alguns estudos indicarem que mulheres com POP apresentam uma diminuição da função dos músculos do assoalho pélvico (MAP), a literatura é escassa em relação à função dos MAP antes e após cirurgia de POP e sua correlação com a severidade do problema, sintomatologia e impacto da qualidade de vida. O objetivo primário desta pesquisa foi avaliar a função dos MAP antes e após o tratamento cirúrgico para correção dos POP. Os objetivos secundários foram avaliar a severidade do POP antes e após a cirurgia; avaliar a sintomatologia e impacto do POP na qualidade de vida antes e após a cirurgia; verificar a correlação entre a função dos MAP com a severidade do POP antes e após a cirurgia; verificar a correlação entre a função dos MAP com a sintomatologia após a cirurgia; e avaliar a percepção de melhora das pacientes após a cirurgia. Trata-se de um estudo observacional prospectivo que recrutou 86 mulheres atendidas no setor de uroginecologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto com indicação cirúrgica para correção cirúrgica de POP estagio II, III e IV avaliado por meio do POP-Q, destas, 19 não atenderam os critérios de inclusão. Foram incluídas 67 mulheres, e finalizaram o estudo 65. As avaliações ocorreram 15 dias antes e 40 dias após a cirurgia. Para verificação do objetivo primário foram utilizados a escala de Oxford modificada e o perineômetro Peritron®. Para verificação dos objetivos secundários foram utilizados o POP-Q, o Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20), Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ-7) e Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I). O presente estudo encontrou melhora na função dos MAP após a cirurgia, na média da média do equipamento foi -2,356 cmH2O (±8,6797; p=0,0323). Passaram a contrair corretamente os MAP após a cirurgia 23,08% da amostra. Foi verificada diferença significativa na média do escore total do PFDI-20 de 36,901 pontos (±27,05; p=<0,0001), e do PFIQ-7 de 70,417 pontos (±72,285; p= <0,0001) antes e após a cirurgia. Verificou-se que quanto pior a função dos MAP maior é a sintomatologia do POP e seu impacto na qualidade de vida, e quanto maior a severidade do POP menor média da CVM (p= 0,042), após a cirurgia. Declararam-se \"muito melhor\" após a cirurgia 86,15% das participantes. / Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) has a high prevalence in the female population causing great negative social, economic and financial impact. Although some studies indicate that women with POP have a decreased function of the pelvic floor muscles (PFM), the literature is scarce in relation to PFM before and after POP surgery and its correlation with the severity of the problem, symptoms and impact on quality of life. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the PFM function before and after POP surgery repair. Secondary objectives were to evaluate the severity of POP before and after surgery; assess the symptoms and impact of POP on quality of life before and after surgery; verify the correlation between the PFM function and severity of POP before and after surgery; verify the correlation between PFM function and symptoms after surgery; and to evaluate the patients global perception of improvement after surgery. This is a prospective observational study that recruited 86 women treated at the Urogynecology Unit of the Clinics Hospital of Ribeirão Preto Medical with medical indication for surgical correction of POP stage II, III and IV assessed using the POP-Q, of these, 19 did not meet the inclusion criteria. It was included 67 women, and 65 completed the study. Assessments occurred 15 days before and 40 days after surgery. For verification of the primary endpoint were used the modified Oxford grading scale and perineometer PeritronTM. To check the secondary endpoints were used the POP-Q, the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20), Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ-7) and the Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I). This study found improvement in PFM function after surgery, the mean of the mean of the equipment was -2.356 cmH2O (± 8.6797; p = 0.0323). After surgery 23.08% of the sample was able to contract correctly the PFM. There was a significant difference in the mean total score of PFDI-20 of 36.901 points (± 27.05; p= <0.0001), and PFIQ-7 70,417 points (±72,285; p= <0.0001) after surgery. It was found that the worse the PFM function higher the symptomology of POP and it´s impact on quality of life, and the worse is the severity of the POP lowest are the values of the mean MVC (p= 0,042). After surgery 86.15% of the volunteers reported \"much better\".

INTRODUÇÂO: A sepse representa aproximadamente 25% dos pacientes internados em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) e com taxas de mortalidade de 20 a 40%. Além disso, os pacientes sépticos podem apresentar aguda e tardiamente disfunções de órgãos e alterações da musculatura esquelética comprometendo a recuperação na UTI e, posteriormente, a sua saúde relacionada à qualidade de vida. Atualmente, a ultrassonografia tem demonstrado ser uma ferramenta capaz de avaliar a degradação da musculatura esquelética em pacientes críticos. Em pacientes sépticos não se estudou a relação de degradação muscular com testes clínicos de força muscular e aferições bioquímicas. OBJETIVOS: Quantificar a área de secção transversa do reto femoral e a força muscular a beira leito em pacientes que desenvolveram sepse grave e choque séptico. Avaliar associação entre a área de secção transversa do reto femoral e a força muscular em pacientes sépticos. MÉTODOS: Coorte prospectiva que avaliou 37 pacientes na UTI com sepse grave ou choque séptico. A medida da área de secção transversa do reto femoral foi realizada através da ultrassonografia no dia seguinte ao início da sepse e acompanhada durante a internação. Os pacientes foram submetidos a testes clínicos de força muscular (escala do Medical Research Council e a força de preensão palmar) à medida que pudessem compreender comandos verbais. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas para análise de enzimas e hormônio após a admissão no estudo e durante a internação. RESULTADOS: Houve um declínio da área de secção transversa do reto femoral de 5,1 (4,4-5,9)cm2 no 2° dia de UTI para 4,4 (3,6-5,0)cm2 e 4,3 (3,7-5,0)cm2 na alta da UTI e na alta hospitalar, respectivamente (p<0,05). Por outro lado, os testes clínicos de força apresentaram um aumento na escala do Medical Research Council de 48,0 (36,0-56,0) pontos para 60,0 (48,0-60,0) pontos na alta da UTI, este aumento foi mantido até a alta hospitalar em 60,0 (52,0-60,0) pontos (p < 0,05). Em relação à força de preenssão palmar os pacientes apresentavam média de 42,1±21,9 % do predito no 1° dia de avaliação e este valor aumentou para 65,9±20,3 % do predito no dia da alta hospitalar (p < 0,05). Houve uma associação da área de secção transversa do reto femoral e das avaliações clínicas de força muscular durante a permanência na UTI. Aumentos no escore de lesão orgânica (SOFA) no 3° dia e ser do sexo masculino apresentaram-se como fatores independentes para a degradação muscular, assim como, o SOFA do 3° dia com a fraqueza muscular. CONCLUSÃO: O estudo demonstrou que a sepse pode levar a uma degradação muscular em apenas alguns dias de UTI, associada há uma recuperação incompleta da força muscular ao longo da internação. Além disso, testes clínicos de força muscular se associaram com a degradação muscular durante a internação hospitalar / INTRODUCTION: Sepsis represents 25% of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) with mortality rate of 20 to 40%. In addition, septic patients can present early or lately organ dysfunction and skeletal muscles alterations that reduce patient recovery and compromises health-related to quality of life. Currently, ultrasound has been shown to be a tool capable of evaluating skeletal muscle degradation in critical patients. There are no studies in septic patients about the relation of muscle degradation with clinical tests and blood biochemistry analysis. OBJECTIVES: To quantify the rectus femoris cross-sectional area and muscle strength at the bedside in patients who developed severe sepsis and septic shock. To assess the association between the rectus femoris cross-sectional area and muscle strength in septic patients. METHODS: Prospective cohort who evaluated 37 patients in the intensive care unit with severe sepsis or septic shock. The measurement of rectus femoris cross-sectional area was performed by ultrasonography on the day after the onset of sepsis and followed up during hospitalization. Patients underwent clinical tests of muscle strength (Medical Research Council scale and handgrip strength) as they could understand verbal commands. Blood samples were collected for enzyme and hormone analysis after admission to the study and during hospitalization. RESULTS: There was a decline in rectus femoris cross-sectional area from 5.1 (4.4-5.9) cm2 on the 2nd day of ICU to 4.4 (3.6-5.0) cm2 and 4.3 (3.7-5.0) cm2 at ICU discharge and at hospital discharge, respectively (p < 0.05). In contrast, strength tests showed an increase in the scale of the Medical Research Council from 48.0 (36.0-56.0) to 60.0 (48.0-60.0) points in ICU discharge, this increase was maintained until hospital discharge reaching 60.0 (52.0-60.0) points (p < 0.05). In relation to the handgrip strength, patients presented a mean of 42.1 ± 21.9% of predicted on the 1st day of evaluation and this value increased to 65.9 ± 20.3% of predicted on the day of hospital discharge ( p < 0.05). There was an association between the rectus femoris cross-sectional area and clinical assessments of muscle strength during ICU stay. Increases in the organic lesion score (SOFA) on the 3rd day and being male presented as independent factors for muscle degradation, as well as the SOFA of the 3rd day with muscle weakness. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated that sepsis can lead to muscle degradation in only a few days of ICU, associated with an incomplete recovery of muscle strength throughout hospitalization. In addition, clinical trials of muscle strength were associated with muscle degradation during hospital stay

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No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Célio Antônio de Paula Júnior - 2017.pdf: 2180303 bytes, checksum: f217f0e42adb6f4ed39b8ccac751c161 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-28 / Population aging is a reality in Brazil, and this process can lead to increased incidence of chronic-degenerative illnesses as well as frailty syndrome and sarcopenia. Also, a general health condition is established, in which muscle strength is insufficient to carry out routine activities associated with an independent lifestyle. The situation is aggravated by the sedentary lifestyle of the population, as the clinical conditions derived from the lack of physical activity are directly responsible for the mortality of millions of people per year. In Brazil, studies on the health of the population are still very much attached to urban population, and the rural reality remains limited regarding epidemiological research. In the light of the above, this study has the objective of analyzing the body composition, level and volume of physical activity and muscle strength in urban (n=55), rural industrial (n=45) and rural family agriculture (n=44) residents. A cross-sectional study is presented herein. The study volunteers were initially approached at basic health units and therefore the proportion of individuals diagnosed with non-transmissible chronic diseases within the study sample is significant for the three realities studied. Tetrapolar bioimpedance was utilized to assess body composition, handgrip strength and dorsal dynamometer were used to measure muscle strength, and triaxial accelerometer was utilized by the volunteers during seven consecutive days. Descriptive statistical methods were utilized to characterize the population, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk were applied to verify data normality. ANOVA and Kruskall Wallis were applied to repetitive measurements with post hoc Bonferroni and Dunn, respectively, to evaluate the differences between locations (urban, rural agricultural, and rural industrial). Binary logistic regression, with the forward method, was utilized to verify the relationship between the level of physical activity (independent variable) and location (dependent variable), adjusted by age, Body Mass Index (BMI), sex, and muscle strength. Spearman's coefficient was employed to verify the correlation between BMI and the Metabolic Equivalent (MET), daily caloric expenditure (kcal), and the number of steps taken, during one week, according to the location. An acceptable statistical significance level was established as p<0.05. The results of this study indicate that the level of physical activity is significantly lower and differs in volume and intensity patterns for urban subjects (p<0.001) in comparison with rural realities (p<0.001), both for rural agricultural families and those in rural industrial settings. Rural volunteers were more active overall, and presented higher levels of Moderate and Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) practice. Sedentary lifestyle, identified by the light activity pattern and time spent sitting, was a behavior more associated with urban population (9.05±1.72 sitting hours), resulting in higher accumulation of fat (35.55±7.9% fat) and BMI (27.3±4.7 kg/m2). This scenario represents additional risk for the development of non-transmissible chronic diseases, besides reducing the quality of the skeletal muscle and muscle strength. When related to family agriculture, urban, and rural industrial settings, statistically significant relationships were established for all levels of physical activity: light, p<0.001; moderate, p<0.001; vigorous, p<0.001; very vigorous, p=0.001; MVPA, p<0.001. Regarding the number of steps, it was observed that the fourth day for the rural family group was the most intense, with an average of 12.245.1±3.603.7 steps and significance p<0.001. For the urban volunteers, Sundays presented the lowest average, with 4.672.3±1420.3 steps and significance p<0.001. Overall, the rural family settings registered the highest averages of steps across all weekdays and weekends, while urban settings were responsible for the lowest values recorded during the study. It was concluded that the level of physical activity is significantly lower and differs in volume and intensity patterns for urban subjects in comparison with rural settings (family agriculture and rural industrial), which were more active and presented higher levels of MVPA. Sedentary lifestyle, identified by light activity patterns and time spent sitting, was more associated with urban populations, resulting in higher accumulation of fat and higher BMI, representing additional risks for the development of non-transmissible diseases, besides reducing the quality of the skeletal muscle and muscle strength. / O envelhecimento populacional é uma realidade no Brasil, sabe-se que tal processo pode desencadear o aumento na incidência de enfermidades crônico-degenerativas, além da síndrome da fragilidade e a sarcopenia, gerando uma condição geral de saúde na qual a força muscular torna-se insuficiente para a realização das tarefas habituais associadas a um estilo de vida independente. A situação se agrava com o sedentarismo da população, visto que as condições clínicas decorrentes da inatividade física, são responsáveis diretas pela mortalidade de milhões de pessoas ao ano. No Brasil os estudos sobre a saúde populacional ainda são muito atrelados à população urbana, ficando a realidade rural bastante limitada quanto ao efetivo de pesquisas epidemiológicas. Diante do exposto, este estudo tem como objetivos analisar a composição corporal, nível e volume de atividade física e força muscular, em moradores das realidades urbana (n= 55), rural industrializada (n= 45) e rural com agricultura familiar (n= 44). Trata-se de um estudo transversal. Os voluntários do estudo foram abordados inicicialmente em unidades básicas de saúde, sendo assim, a proporção de indivíduos com diagnóstico de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis é significativo para a amostra nas três realidades estudadas. Para avaliação da composição corporal foi utilizada a bioimpedância tetrapolar, para a força muscular a preensão manual e o dinamômetro dorsal, para o nível de atividade física, o acelerômetro triaxial foi utilizado pelos avaliados por sete dias consecutivos. O método estatístico descritivo foi utilizado na caracterização da população, para verificar a normalidade dos dados foi utilizado Kolmogorov-Smirnov e Shapiro-Wilk. A ANOVA para medidas repetidas com post hoc de Bonferroni e o teste de Kruskall Wallis com o post hoc de Dunn, foram utilizados para avaliar as diferenças entre as localidades (urbana, rural familiar e rural industrializada). A regressão logística binária, método forward, foi usado para verificar a relação entre o nível de atividade física (variável independente) e a localidade (variável dependente) ajustados pela idade, Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), sexo e força muscular. O coeficiente de Spearman foi empregado para verificar correlação entre o IMC e o coeficiente metabólico (MET), gasto calórico diário (kcal) e o número de passos por dia, durante uma semana, de acordo com a localidade. Foi estabelecido como nível aceitável de significância estatística p<0,05. Os resultados deste estudo apontam que o nível de atividade física é significativamente menor e difere no padrão de volume e intensidade em sujeitos urbanos (p<0,001) em comparação com as realidades rurais (p<0,001), nas diferentes perspectivas, tanto da agricultura tipicamente familiar, quanto na agricultura industrializada, sendo estes mais ativos e com maior padrão de pratica de atividade físicas moderadas à vigorosas (MVPA). O sedentarismo, identificado pelo padrão de atividades ligth e horas sentados, foi um comportamento mais característico da população urbana (9,05±1,72 horas sentado), resultando em um maior acúmulo de gordura (35,55±7,9% de gordura) e índice de massa corporal (27,3±4,7 kg/m2), representando um risco adicional para o desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, além de reduzir a qualidade do músculo esquelético e força muscular. Quando relacionadas a realidade rural familiar, com a urbana e a rural industrializada, teve-se relação estatisticamente significativa em todos os níveis de atividade física: light, p<0,001; moderada, p<0,001; vigorosa, p<0,001; muito vigorosa, p=0,001; MVPA, p<0,001. Quanto ao número de passos, percebe-se que o quarto dia do grupo rural familiar foi o de maior registro, com média de 12.245,1±3.603,7 passos e significância p<0,001. Enquanto que o domingo da realidade urbana registrou a menor média com 4.672,3±1420,3 passos e significância p<0,001. De um modo geral, a realidade rural familiar registrou as maiores médias de passos para todos os dias da semana e final de semana, enquanto a realidade urbana registrou as menores médias durante o estudo. Assim, conclui-se que o nível de atividade física é significativamente menor e difere no padrão de volume e intensidade em sujeitos urbanos em comparação com as realidades rurais, tanto da agricultura familiar, quanto na agricultura industrializada, sendo estes mais ativos e com maior padrão de pratica de atividade físicas moderadas à vigorosas. O sedentarismo, identificado pelo padrão de atividades ligth e horas sentados, foi um comportamento mais característico da população urbana, resultando em um maior acúmulo de gordura e índice de massa corporal, representando um risco adicional para o desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, além de reduzir a qualidade do músculo esquelético e força muscular.

INTRODUÇÃO: A incidência da osteoporose vem aumentando, assim como as quedas e as fraturas relacionadas. O objetivo geral do presente estudo foi avaliar o equilíbrio postural de mulheres pós-menopausa com e sem osteoporose lombar. O objetivo específico foi avaliar a correlação entre o grau de cifose torácica e a dosagem de 25 OH vitamina D com o equilíbrio postural em mulheres pósmenopausa com osteoporose lombar. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliadas 126 mulheres pós-menopausa entre 55-65 anos, divididas em dois grupos de acordo com os valores da densidade mineral óssea de coluna lombar: grupo osteoporose e controle, pareadas pela idade (p=0,219) e pelo Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (p=0,611). As mulheres do grupo osteoporose apresentaram estatura (p<0,001), massa corpórea (p<0,001) e consequentemente índice de massa corpórea (p<0,001) menores do que as do grupo controle. Todas as voluntárias relataram a ocorrência de quedas nos últimos 12 meses, não havendo diferença entre os grupos (p=0,139). A mobilidade funcional foi avaliada por meio do teste Time Up and Go. O equilíbrio postural foi avaliado em uma plataforma de força portátil modelo Accsuway® em bipedestação, com olhos abertos e fechados, por 60. Os dados foram coletados, armazenados e processados pelo programa Balance Clinic®, configurado para 100 Hz de frequência, com um filtro com frequência de corte de 10 Hz. A força muscular foi avaliada pelo dinamômetro isocinético, modelo Biodex®, no modo concêntrico/concêntrico de extensão e flexão do joelho na velocidade de 60o/s. A dosagem de 25 OH vitamina D e radiografia da coluna torácica para determinação do grau de cifose pelo ângulo de Cobb foram realizadas no grupo osteoporose. RESULTADOS: Este estudo mostra que, na faixa etária estudada, não há diferença na força muscular do joelho, independente do membro e do movimento, e na mobilidade funcional (p=0,121). Assim como no equilíbrio postural, com olhos abertos [no deslocamento médio-lateral do centro de pressão (p=0,286) e na velocidade de deslocamento do centro de pressão (p=0,173)] e fechados [no deslocamento médio-lateral do centro de pressão (p=0,163) e na velocidade do deslocamento do centro de pressão (p=0,09)] nas mulheres com e sem osteoporose. Além disso, a cifose torácica e a dosagem de 25 OH vitamina D não tiveram relação com o equilíbrio postural em mulheres com osteoporose pós-menopausa. CONCLUSÕES: Mulheres pós-menopausa, com idade entre os 55 e 65 anos, independente da presença de osteoporose lombar, não apresentam alteração no equilíbrio postural. Nas mulheres pós-menopausa com osteoporose lombar, os graus de cifose torácica e os níveis de vitamina D estudados não apresentam relação com o equilíbrio postural / INTRODUCTION: The incidence of osteoporosis has been increasing, as have fractures resulting from falls. The overall objective of this study is to evaluate postural balance in postmenopausal women with and without lumbar osteoporosis. The specific objective is to determine the relationship between the degree of thoracic kyphosis and dosing of 25 OH vitamin D with postural balance in postmenopausal women with lumbar osteoporosis. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-six postmenopausal women between 55-65 years of age were evaluated and separated into two groups according to the bone mineral density values of their lumbar spine: the osteoporosis group and the control group, paired by age (P=0.219) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (P=0.611). The women of the osteoporosis group had a lower height (P<0.001), body mass (P<0.001), and, consequently, Body Mass Index (P<0.001) than those of the control group. All volunteers reported having fallen in the past 12 months, and there were no differences between the groups (P=0.139). Functional mobility was evaluated through the Timed Up and Go Test. Postural balance was evaluated using a AccuSway® model portable force platform, in standard standing position, with eyes open and closed, for 60. Data were collected, stored, and processed by the Balance Clinic® program, configured to 100 Hz frequency, with a frequency cut-off filter at 10 Hz. Muscle strength was evaluated via a Biodex® isokinetic dynamometer in the concentric/concentric knee extension mode at 60o/s. Dosing of 25 OH vitamin D and thoracic spine x-rays to determine the degree of kyphosis measured by the Cobb angle were performed in the osteoporosis group. RESULTS: This study shows that there is no difference in the knee muscle strength in the age group studied, irrespective of the limb and motion, or functional mobility (P=0.121). The same was true for postural balance with eyes open [in the mediolateral displacement of the center of pressure (P=0.286), and in the mean velocity calculated from the total displacement of the center of pressure (P=0.173)], and with eyes closed [in the mediolateral displacement of the center of pressure (P=0.163) and in the mean velocity calculated from the total displacement of the center of pressure (P=0.09)] in women with or without osteoporosis. In addition, thoracic kyphosis and dosing of 25 OH vitamin D did not show any relation to postural balance in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. CONCLUSION: Postmenopausal women, aged between 55 and 65 years, do not present any alteration in postural balance irrespective of lumbar osteoporosis. In postmenopausal women with lumbar osteoporosis, the degrees of thoracic kyphosis and the levels of vitamin D studied have no relation with postural balance

INTRODUÇÃO: A incidência da osteoporose vem aumentando, assim como as quedas e as fraturas relacionadas. O objetivo geral do presente estudo foi avaliar o equilíbrio postural de mulheres pós-menopausa com e sem osteoporose lombar. O objetivo específico foi avaliar a correlação entre o grau de cifose torácica e a dosagem de 25 OH vitamina D com o equilíbrio postural em mulheres pósmenopausa com osteoporose lombar. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliadas 126 mulheres pós-menopausa entre 55-65 anos, divididas em dois grupos de acordo com os valores da densidade mineral óssea de coluna lombar: grupo osteoporose e controle, pareadas pela idade (p=0,219) e pelo Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (p=0,611). As mulheres do grupo osteoporose apresentaram estatura (p<0,001), massa corpórea (p<0,001) e consequentemente índice de massa corpórea (p<0,001) menores do que as do grupo controle. Todas as voluntárias relataram a ocorrência de quedas nos últimos 12 meses, não havendo diferença entre os grupos (p=0,139). A mobilidade funcional foi avaliada por meio do teste Time Up and Go. O equilíbrio postural foi avaliado em uma plataforma de força portátil modelo Accsuway® em bipedestação, com olhos abertos e fechados, por 60. Os dados foram coletados, armazenados e processados pelo programa Balance Clinic®, configurado para 100 Hz de frequência, com um filtro com frequência de corte de 10 Hz. A força muscular foi avaliada pelo dinamômetro isocinético, modelo Biodex®, no modo concêntrico/concêntrico de extensão e flexão do joelho na velocidade de 60o/s. A dosagem de 25 OH vitamina D e radiografia da coluna torácica para determinação do grau de cifose pelo ângulo de Cobb foram realizadas no grupo osteoporose. RESULTADOS: Este estudo mostra que, na faixa etária estudada, não há diferença na força muscular do joelho, independente do membro e do movimento, e na mobilidade funcional (p=0,121). Assim como no equilíbrio postural, com olhos abertos [no deslocamento médio-lateral do centro de pressão (p=0,286) e na velocidade de deslocamento do centro de pressão (p=0,173)] e fechados [no deslocamento médio-lateral do centro de pressão (p=0,163) e na velocidade do deslocamento do centro de pressão (p=0,09)] nas mulheres com e sem osteoporose. Além disso, a cifose torácica e a dosagem de 25 OH vitamina D não tiveram relação com o equilíbrio postural em mulheres com osteoporose pós-menopausa. CONCLUSÕES: Mulheres pós-menopausa, com idade entre os 55 e 65 anos, independente da presença de osteoporose lombar, não apresentam alteração no equilíbrio postural. Nas mulheres pós-menopausa com osteoporose lombar, os graus de cifose torácica e os níveis de vitamina D estudados não apresentam relação com o equilíbrio postural / INTRODUCTION: The incidence of osteoporosis has been increasing, as have fractures resulting from falls. The overall objective of this study is to evaluate postural balance in postmenopausal women with and without lumbar osteoporosis. The specific objective is to determine the relationship between the degree of thoracic kyphosis and dosing of 25 OH vitamin D with postural balance in postmenopausal women with lumbar osteoporosis. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-six postmenopausal women between 55-65 years of age were evaluated and separated into two groups according to the bone mineral density values of their lumbar spine: the osteoporosis group and the control group, paired by age (P=0.219) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (P=0.611). The women of the osteoporosis group had a lower height (P<0.001), body mass (P<0.001), and, consequently, Body Mass Index (P<0.001) than those of the control group. All volunteers reported having fallen in the past 12 months, and there were no differences between the groups (P=0.139). Functional mobility was evaluated through the Timed Up and Go Test. Postural balance was evaluated using a AccuSway® model portable force platform, in standard standing position, with eyes open and closed, for 60. Data were collected, stored, and processed by the Balance Clinic® program, configured to 100 Hz frequency, with a frequency cut-off filter at 10 Hz. Muscle strength was evaluated via a Biodex® isokinetic dynamometer in the concentric/concentric knee extension mode at 60o/s. Dosing of 25 OH vitamin D and thoracic spine x-rays to determine the degree of kyphosis measured by the Cobb angle were performed in the osteoporosis group. RESULTS: This study shows that there is no difference in the knee muscle strength in the age group studied, irrespective of the limb and motion, or functional mobility (P=0.121). The same was true for postural balance with eyes open [in the mediolateral displacement of the center of pressure (P=0.286), and in the mean velocity calculated from the total displacement of the center of pressure (P=0.173)], and with eyes closed [in the mediolateral displacement of the center of pressure (P=0.163) and in the mean velocity calculated from the total displacement of the center of pressure (P=0.09)] in women with or without osteoporosis. In addition, thoracic kyphosis and dosing of 25 OH vitamin D did not show any relation to postural balance in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. CONCLUSION: Postmenopausal women, aged between 55 and 65 years, do not present any alteration in postural balance irrespective of lumbar osteoporosis. In postmenopausal women with lumbar osteoporosis, the degrees of thoracic kyphosis and the levels of vitamin D studied have no relation with postural balance

Introduction: Impaired isometric muscle strength and muscle endurance in adults with Fontan circulation has previously been reported. However, the knowledge if corresponding impairment is present in children and adolescents with Fontan circulation is scarce. Aim: The aim was to examine the isometric muscle strength and muscle endurance of the lower limbs in children and adolescents with Fontan circulation in comparison to age and sex matched controls. Method: In this cross-sectional study 43 children and adolescents (6-18 years) with Fontan circulation and 43 controls were included. Isometric knee extension and plantar flexion muscle strength was assessed using dynamometry (Newton:N). Unilateral isotonic heel-lift until exhaustion was used for evaluation of lower limb muscle endurance. Analysis on group level (n=43) and for the subgroups 6-12 years (n=18) and 13-18 years (n=25) was performed. Results: On group level the children and adolescents with Fontan circulation had impaired isometric plantar flexion strength for the left leg compared to controls (393.9±181.1N vs. 492.5±241.6N, p=0.04). In addition, they had impaired isometric knee extension strength bilaterally (right 222.8±101.1N vs. 293.0±164.9N, p=0.02, left 220.7±102.7N vs. 279.5±159.1N, p=0.05). In contrast, lower limb muscle endurance did not differ. In subgroup analysis, the impaired isometric strength was only present in the group of adolescents. Conclusion: Adolescents with Fontan circulation had impaired isometric muscle strength compared to controls. However, no corresponding differences were found in children. Further, lower limb muscle endurance did not differ. This implies that the impaired isometric muscle strength may develop during adolescence whereas the impaired muscle endurance may occur later. / Del av en multicenterstudie

Orientador: João Neudenir Arioli Filho / Resumo: A mensuração da força de mordida permite a avaliação da funcionalidade e da atividade do sistema estomatognático, sendo esta uma variável de grande importância para o cirurgião-dentista no estabelecimento do correto plano de tratamento e prognóstico das reabilitações orais. Os dinamômetros para medida de força manual são preditores de força global e apresentam acessibilidade técnica e financeira. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a correlação entre a força de preensão manual (FP) média e força máxima de mordida (FM) de indivíduos jovens dentados (G1), adultos dentados (G2) e desdentados totais usuários de próteses totais bimaxilares (G3) do sexo feminino. Após preencher o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido, os participantes foram submetidos ao teste de mensuração da FP com o auxílio do dispositivo eletrônico digital na mão dominante e não dominante, um total de três mensurações para cada mão, para obtenção da média das mesmas. Posteriormente, através de um gnatodinamômetro digital, foi mensurada a FM na região de molar sendo considerada a média de três mensurações de cada lado. Foram calculados o Coeficiente de Correlação de Pearson (r) e Análise de Variância multivariada (MANOVA). Para comparação das médias, pós-teste de Tukey e de Games-Howell, a nível de significância de 5%. Observou-se uma correlação de moderada a forte entre as variáveis para todos os grupos: G1, G2 e G3 (r=0,838; 0,707; 0,643; respectivamente) e uma diferença significativa entre as médias de F... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The measurement of bite force allows the evaluation of the functionality and activity of the stomatognathic system, being a variable of great importance for the dentistry professionals in the establishment of the correct treatment plan for oral rehabilitations. Dynamometers for manual force measurement are predictors of global strength and have technical and financial accessibility. The aim of this study was to estimate the correlation between the average handgrip force (HF) and maximum bite force (BF) of young dentate (G1), dentate adults (G2) and female total edentulous users of bimaxillary total dentures (G3). After signed the consent form, the participants were submitted to the HF measurement test using the digital electronic device on both hands, three measurements for each hand, to obtain the average of the same ones. Subsequently, through a digital gnatodynamometer, BF was measured in the molar region and the average of three measurements on each side was considered. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient (r) and the Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) were calculated. In order to compare the obtained average data, post-tests of Tukey and Games-Howell have been performed at a significance level of 5%. A moderate to strong correlation was observed among the variables for all groups: G1, G2 and G3 (r=0.838, 0.707, and 0.643, respectively) and a significant difference among the average BF data being G1>G2>G3 (p<0.05). Regarding the average of HF, G3 statistically diff... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

<p>Sweden has one of the highest incidences of osteoporotic fractures in the world. A more sedentary lifestyle is one of several proposed reasons for the increase in osteoporosis seen in the developed countries. The aim of this thesis was primarily to study the influence of muscle strength, and body composition, on bone mineral density, BMD, in young adults. The second aim was to evaluate the possible influence of estrogen on muscle strength in women.</p><p>A population-based study of 113 subjects (53 men and 60 women) aged 22-85 showed associations for premenopausal, but not postmenopausal women, between isometric quadriceps muscle strength and BMD in the total body, lumbar spine, and femoral neck. In men there was only an association between muscle strength and BMD in the total body. Another population-based study of 125 randomly selected young adults (64 women and 61 men) showed that total body BMD, TBMD, is influenced by isokinetic knee flexion and extension strength in women but not in men where body composition influenced TBMD. In 159 randomly selected young adult women (20-39 years) knee flexion and extension strength influenced not only TBMD but also total hip BMD, and heel BMD. However, lean body mass and body weight were better predictors for BMD at these skeletal sites. An extension of this study involving 335 women again demonstrated that lean body mass is the best predictor of BMD. This study also showed that Uppsala women aged 20-39 years have a BMD that is approximately 0.1-1.2 SD (2-12 %) above international/national references. In addition marked variations in BMD T-scores between various skeletal sites were noted. </p><p><i>In Conclusion: </i>The association between muscle strength and BMD is evident in women in their early twenties but with age lean body mass and body weight becomes better predictors for BMD. In men lean body mass and body composition but not muscle strength predicted BMD. Hormone replacement therapy does not influence muscle strength and there is no association between allelic variations in the estrogen receptor alpha and muscle strength in women.</p>

Postmenopausat women on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) have been reported to be stronger when compared to women who are not using HRT. The first goal of this study was to investigate whether muscle morphology was altered in women who use HRT when compared to women who do not use HAT. In addition, this study examined the combined effects of a 6-month moderate-intensity strength training (ST) routine and HRT on the neuromuscular system of early postmenopausal women. Because not all the women completed the ST, this study was separated into two separate analyses, baseline (n=17; 7 HRT, 10 non-HRT) and training (n=14; 6 HRT, 8 non-HRT). ST consisted of two exercises (squat and dead lift), two days a week, for 6-months. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were taken at baseline and 6-months after exercise training. Biopsy samples were sectioned and analyzed histochemically for muscle fiber type and fiber cross-sectional area (CSA). In addition, voluntary knee extension strength was assessed at 30��/sec using an isokinetic dynamometer at these two time points. At baseline there were no significant differences in knee extensor strength between groups (HRT: 443 �� 121 N, non-HRT: 490 �� 106 N). Regardless of hormone status, Type I fibers were significantly larger (p=.005) in GSA (Type I=3705 �� 877��m��; Type II=2790 �� 756��m��). However, there were significantly more Type II fibers (p<.0001) (61.5 �� 7.9% of total) and consequently, Type II fibers occupied significantly more total fiber area p=.00l2) (Type I=45.3 �� 7.4%; Type II=54.7 �� 7.4%). No significant differences were found in the fiber type distributions of the HAT (37.9 �� 2.5% Type I, 62.1 �� 2.5% Type II) and non-HRT (38.9 �� 2.9% Type I, 61.1 �� 2.9% Type II) groups. There were no significant differences in fiber CSA of Type I fibers (HRT: 3615 �� 886 ��m��, non-HRT: 3769 �� 912 ��m��) or Type II fibers (HRT: 2770 �� 722 ��m��, non-HRT: 2849 �� 804 ��m��) obtained from the two groups. Six months of ST had no effect on the strength, fiber CSA, and fiber type distribution for HRT and non-HRT subjects. These results suggest that HRT does not alter muscle strength, fiber type distribution, and fiber CSA in early postmenopausal women. / Graduation date: 2003

Sweden has one of the highest incidences of osteoporotic fractures in the world. A more sedentary lifestyle is one of several proposed reasons for the increase in osteoporosis seen in the developed countries. The aim of this thesis was primarily to study the influence of muscle strength, and body composition, on bone mineral density, BMD, in young adults. The second aim was to evaluate the possible influence of estrogen on muscle strength in women. A population-based study of 113 subjects (53 men and 60 women) aged 22-85 showed associations for premenopausal, but not postmenopausal women, between isometric quadriceps muscle strength and BMD in the total body, lumbar spine, and femoral neck. In men there was only an association between muscle strength and BMD in the total body. Another population-based study of 125 randomly selected young adults (64 women and 61 men) showed that total body BMD, TBMD, is influenced by isokinetic knee flexion and extension strength in women but not in men where body composition influenced TBMD. In 159 randomly selected young adult women (20-39 years) knee flexion and extension strength influenced not only TBMD but also total hip BMD, and heel BMD. However, lean body mass and body weight were better predictors for BMD at these skeletal sites. An extension of this study involving 335 women again demonstrated that lean body mass is the best predictor of BMD. This study also showed that Uppsala women aged 20-39 years have a BMD that is approximately 0.1-1.2 SD (2-12 %) above international/national references. In addition marked variations in BMD T-scores between various skeletal sites were noted. In Conclusion: The association between muscle strength and BMD is evident in women in their early twenties but with age lean body mass and body weight becomes better predictors for BMD. In men lean body mass and body composition but not muscle strength predicted BMD. Hormone replacement therapy does not influence muscle strength and there is no association between allelic variations in the estrogen receptor alpha and muscle strength in women.