Perceived self-efficacy has been shown to be an accurate predictor of one's performance capabilities (Zimmerman, 2000). Low levels of perceived self-efficacy have been found to correlate with negative performance outcomes; while high levels of perceived self-efficacy correlate with positive performance outcomes. This construct has also been found to influence an individual's motivation level, goal setting ability, and risk for depression (Resnick, 2002; Phillips & Gully, 1997; Blazer, 2002). Therefore, perceived levels of self-efficacy may predict and influence performance of individuals with aphasia during a treatment program. However, the influence of self-efficacy on treatment for aphasia has not been sufficiently studied. The present study examined the differences between Response Elaboration Training (Kearns, 1985) and a modified version of Response Elaboration Training, incorporating the four sources of self-efficacy. First, it was hypothesized that the individual's level of perceived self-efficacy would predict performance during treatment. Also, it was hypothesized that a treatment incorporating self-efficacy would result in increased levels of self-efficacy, thereby promoting more positive therapeutic outcomes. A single-subject, cross-over design was employed; two individuals with Broca type aphasia received both types of treatment at alternating intervals. A relationship between perceived self-efficacy levels and performance outcomes was suggested. Participant one, with a high level of perceived self-efficacy for communicative tasks, experienced a general trend of improvement for effective communication. Participant two's use of effective communication revealed minimal change throughout the study; he also reported low to moderate levels of perceived self-efficacy in all modalities of communication throughout the study. Participant two's performance revealed slight improvements in self-efficacy, however, as well as improvements on a standardized aphasia assessment; this finding may suggest a relationship between increased self-efficacy and increased performance on the assessment. Results suggest that a treatment incorporating the four sources of self-efficacy may promote more positive treatment outcomes for individuals with aphasia.

Darbo problema – vis dar lieka neaiškus PRR efektyvumas ir jos sąsajos su amžiumi, lytimi, išsilavinimu, IŠL forma, subjektyvia savijauta, subjektyviu sveikatos vertinimu bei organizmo raumenų įtampa, sergantiems IŠL. Todėl šio tyrimo tikslas - nustatyti progresuojančios raumenų relaksacijos taikymo efektyvumą AKS reguliavimui, atsižvelgiant į lytį, amžių, ligos formą, subjektyvų sveikatos vertinimą, išsilavinimą, raumenų įtampą ir subjektyvią savijautos įtampą, sergantiems IŠL, stacionarinės reabilitacijos etape. Tyrime buvo pakviesti dalyvauti 204 Abromiškių reabilitacinės ligoninės, kardiologinio skyriaus pacientai, tačiau į 1 užsiėmimą atėjo 53 (48,18 %) vyrai ir 40 (42,55 %) moterų, į 2 – 20 (18,18 %) vyrų ir 14 (14,89 %) moterų, į 3 – 15 (13,63 %) vyrų ir 12 (12,76 %) moterų ir į 4 – 12 (10,9 %) vyrų ir 8 (8,51 %) moterys. Tiriamieji dalyvavo 4 vienos valandos užsiėmimuose, kurie vyko 4 kartus per savaitę. Siekiant įvertinti PRR efektyvumą AKS mažinimui ir efektyvumo sąsajas su prieš tai išvardintais faktoriais, tiriamiesiems buvo pateikiamos anketos, vedami relaksaciniai užsiėmimai. Kiekvieno užsiėmimo pradžioje ir pabaigoje buvo matuojamas AKS ir duodamas užpildyti manekenas (raumenų įtampai įvertinti) bei subjektyvios savijautos skalė. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad po relaksacijos AKS statistiškai reikšmingi sumažėjimai buvo tik vyrų tarpe, taip pat tarp jaunesnių pacientų, žmonėms sergantiems lengvesne IŠL forma, pacientams su aukštuoju išsilavinimu ir blogesniu... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / It is still unclear if effectiveness of PMR is related with age, gender, education, IHD form, subjective health status, subjective tension and muscle tension for ischemic heart disease patients. So the aim of this survey is to analize how effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation in blood pressure regulation is related with these factors for ischemic heart disease in-patients at their rehabilitation period. 204 patients from Abromiškės rehabilitation hospital, cardiac department were invited to participate in relaxation groups, but in the first group participated only 53 (48,18%) men and 40 (42,55%) women, in the second - 20 (18,18%) men and 14 (14,89%) women, in the third - 15 (13,63%) men and 12 (12,76%) women and in fourth - 12 (10,9%) men and 8 (8,51%) women. Participants attended in four hourly relaxation groups which were four times per week. With the purpose to evaluate PMR effectiveness for blood pressure regulation and its’ relation with factors, participants were given questionnaires also relaxation groups were provided. At the beginning and at the end of each session blood pressure was measured also muscle tension was evaluated with the given model and 10 score scale was given for subjective feeling evaluation. The results of this study showed that the statistically significant reductions of blood pressure were only for men also for younger patients and patients with higher education, for patients with easier IHD form and for patients with worse... [to full text]

Bakgrund Utmattningssyndrom kan uppkomma när obalans uppstår mellan en persons stress och personens förmåga att hantera stress. Utmattningssyndrom utgör en stor del av de psykiska diagnoserna som ställs på både män och kvinnor. Konsekvensen av utmattningssyndrom är ofta långa sjukskrivningar vilket påverkar både samhället och personen negativt. Egenvård är åtgärder som främjar hälsan som en person utför på egen hand eller med hjälp av närstående. Syfte Syftet var att beskriva egenvårdsåtgärder för återhämtning vid utmattningssyndrom. Metod Metoden som användes för detta arbete var en icke-systematisk litteraturöversikt. Denna litteraturöversikt är baserad på 16 vetenskapliga artiklar med kvantitativ design. Databaserna som användes var PubMed och Cinahl. Inkluderade artiklar var avgränsade till peer-reviewed samt att de inte var publicerade för mer än tio år sedan. De vetenskapliga artiklarna som låg till grund för denna litteraturöversikt kvalitetsgranskades enligt Sophiahemmet Högskolas bedömningsinstrument och analyserades med hjälp av en integrerad analys. Resultatartiklarna sorterades i två huvudkategorier och sex subkategorier. Resultat Resultatet i litteraturöversikten är skriven utifrån två huvudkategorier och sex subkategorier som beskriver egenvårdsåtgärder för återhämtning vid utmattningssyndrom. Huvudkategorierna är rörelse och avslappning och subkategorierna består av yoga, aerobträning och styrketräning, naturbaserad rehabilitering, meditation, mindfulness och avslappningsövningar. Slutsats Slutsatsen var att egenvårdsåtgärder som yoga, aerob träning, styrketräning, naturbaseradrehabilitering, meditation, mindfulness, och muskelavslappnande övningar kan bidra till återhämtning vid utmattningssyndrom. Dessa interventioner skulle därmed kunna rekommenderas som egenvårdsåtgärder för personer med utmattningssyndrom. / Background  Burnout can occur when there is an imbalance in perceived stress and the person's ability to handle stress. Burnout makes up a large part of the mental illness diagnoses for both men and women. The consequence of burnout is often long-term sick leave, which negatively affects both the individual and society. Self care is described as measures that promote a person’s health that he or she performs on their own or with the help of their relatives.  Aim  The purpose of this study was to describe self-care measures for recovery from burnout. Method  The method used for this study was a non-systematic literature review. This literature  review is based on 16 articles with quantitative design. The databases used were PubMed and CINAHL. The delimitations of this literature review were that the articles included were peer-reviewed and not older than ten years. The quality of the scientific articles included in the result were assessed according to Sophiahemmet University's quality assessment instrument and they were analyzed with the help of an integrated analysis. The result articles are sorted into two main categories and six subcategories.  Results  The results in this literature review were based on two main categories and six  subcategories that describe self-care measures for recovery of burnout. The main  categories are movement and relaxation and the subcategories consist of yoga, aerobic  exercise and strength training, nature-based rehabilitation, meditation, mindfulness and relaxation exercises.  Conclusions  The conclusion was that self-care measures such as yoga, aerobic exercise and strength  training, nature-based rehabilitation, meditation, mindfulness, and muscle relaxation  exercises have positive effects on recovery from burnout. These interventions could thus be recommended as self-care measures for people suffering from burnout.

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Objectives: The mucosa of human detrusor strips impairs catecholamine-induced relaxation. In order to elucidate which signal transduction pathways are involved in this cross talk between the mucosa and detrusor, we have studied the effects of several pharmacological agonists and antagonists on noradrenaline-mediated relaxation in intact and mucosa-denuded detrusor strips. Patients and Methods: Strips of detrusor tissue were obtained from patients who had undergone cystectomy for bladder cancer and were set up for force measurement. KCl- or carbachol-precontracted strips were relaxed with increasing concentrations of noradrenaline in the absence and in the presence of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, L-NAME; P2X-receptor antagonist, PPADS; ET A -receptor antagonist, BQ-123; ET B -receptor antagonist, BQ-788; cyclooxygenase inhibitor, diclofenac; AT 1 -receptor antagonist, candesartan; and NK 1 -receptor antagonist, L-703,606. Results: In intact strips, KCl-stimulated force was enhanced by all blockers; carbachol-stimulated force increased with L-703,606. In denuded strips, only L-NAME augmented the KCl-stimulated contraction. Noradrenaline relaxed the precontracted detrusor strips to a significantly larger extent and at lower concentrations in denuded than in intact strips. L-NAME, PPADS and BQ-123/BQ-788 had little effect on noradrenaline-induced relaxation, whereas diclofenac, candesartan and L-703,606 sensitized intact carbachol-stimulated detrusor strips to noradrenaline-induced relaxation. Conclusion: Inhibition of the noradrenaline-induced relaxation of precontracted human detrusor strips by the mucosa is attenuated by diclofenac, candesartan and L-703,606 suggesting the involvement of prostanoids, angiotensin and neurokinin pathways. Further experiments are required to unravel the exact mechanisms.

Title: The effect of foam roller on muscle tone after physical load Objectives: The aim of this thesis was to summarize theoretical knowledge about muscle, changes in muscle tension and possibilities of its affect. The aim of the practical part was to find out the effect of the foam roller on muscle tone after exercise. Methods: Practical part of this thesis was processed in biomechanical laboratory at FTVS UK in Prague and included 16 probands. We measured muscle tone of biceps brachii, m. triceps surae and m. quadriceps femoris before exercise, then the probands performed an activity aimed at increasing the muscular tension of the musculature mentioned above, after which we measured the muscle tension again. The foam rolling of each muscle group lasted for 60 seconds and then we measured the muscle tone for the last time. A myotonometer device was used and the data were transmitted by KISTLER MULTICHANNEL CHARGE AMPLIFIER and processed by the DeweSoftX3 (64 bit) programme in SIRIUS DEWEsoft S-BOX2 computer. At the end, we compared measured values with subjective sensations of the probands who filled quick questionnaire. Results: The measurement showed that after exercise, the muscular tensions of the muscle groups we selected increased, and at the same time that the application of the foam roller...

OBJECTIVE: Human myometrium contains both beta1-adrenergic and beta2-adrenergic receptors. This study was designed to assess the importance of each beta-adrenergic receptor subtype in relaxation of human myometrial muscle strips. STUDY DESIGN: Radioligand binding studies were used to establish the presence of each beta-adrenergic receptor subtype, whereas highly selective beta1-antagonists and beta2-antagonists were used to assess the contribution of beta-adrenergic receptor subtypes to myometrial relaxation after exposure to (-)-isoproterenol. RESULTS: Membranes prepared from myometrium contained 82% +/- 4% beta2-adrenergic receptors. After contraction produced by exposure to potassium chloride (35 mmol/L), isoproterenol produced relaxation with half maximal effect at 0.02 micromol/L and a maximal relaxation of 52% +/- 3%. Beta1-antagonist CGP-20712A had no significant effect, whereas beta2-antagonist ICI-118551 produced a characteristic rightward shift of the isoproterenol concentration-relaxation relationship. CONCLUSIONS: Although both beta1-adrenergic receptors and beta2-adrenergic receptors are present in human myometrial tissue at term, relaxation by nonselective beta-agonist isoproterenol is mediated exclusively by beta2-adrenergic receptors.