90 f. / Submitted by JURANDI DE SOUZA SILVA (jssufba@hotmail.com) on 2013-03-15T11:56:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Carlos Assis.pdf: 4645141 bytes, checksum: d1137241e4548099fc8059de4037f79b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-03-22T14:37:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Carlos Assis.pdf: 4645141 bytes, checksum: d1137241e4548099fc8059de4037f79b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-03-22T14:37:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Carlos Assis.pdf: 4645141 bytes, checksum: d1137241e4548099fc8059de4037f79b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Este trabalho trata de questões relativas à análise de proporções, de seu possível papel como elemento organizador das estruturas do discurso musical e de sua relação com a coerência deste discurso, investigando os elementos responsáveis pelo estabelecimento de coesão e coerência entre as peças do conjunto dos dez Improvisos para piano, de Camargo Guarnieri. A partir da análise da obra, buscou-se estabelecer uma relação entre a possível presença de elementos proporcionais e os processos composicionais relacionados à improvisação. As dez peças do conjunto de Improvisos foram investigadas em relação às proporções existentes entre as partes componentes dentro de uma mesma peça (intraopus) e em todas as peças do conjunto (extraopus), a partir de duas abordagens: a) diretamente da partitura (proporção espacial) e b) a partir de gravação (proporção temporal). Após análise estrutural, foi aplicado o sistema de proporções proposto por Charles Madden – em relação à Seção Áurea e Seção Áurea Secundária – e as razões de meio, terço e dois terços, propostas por Elizabeth Rangel. Como resultado, percebe-se a preferência pela organização em proporções simples (meio, terço e dois terços); nenhum dos improvisos atingiu a margem necessária de aproximação da Seção Áurea e da Seção Áurea Secundária (0,1 a 1%) e os elementos de coesão configuram-se através da distribuição e organização seqüencial das peças no conjunto e da citação e referenciação de configurações melódicas e harmônicas. Ainda como parte dos questionamentos apresentados, apresenta-se a sugestão para futuros trabalhos de que a proporcionalidade, indiretamente apreendida como forma, possa talvez estabelecer coerência na proporção a partir da estrutura formal, o que, se vier a ser confirmado, pode ajudar a compreender a proporcionalidade como origem histórica da forma, como elemento gerador do processo de organização formal e estrutural. / Salvador

Orientadores: Jose Roberto Zan, Yvan Nommick / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T03:11:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Chernavsky_Analia_D.pdf: 4263784 bytes, checksum: f2595efdd163424c81cf1787a8dbb514 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Este trabalho propõe um estudo do nacionalismo musical a partir de uma perspectiva comparativa. As trajetórias e as obras de dois grandes ícones da música do século XX, Heitor Villa-Lobos e Manuel de Falla, identificados como os maiores expoentes do nacionalismo em seus países, dão fundamento a esta comparação. Em primeiro lugar, estudamos como algumas "constâncias" identificadas pelos estudiosos do fenômeno do nacionalismo se manifestaram no Brasil e na Espanha. Em seguida, a partir das trajetórias de nossas duas personagens principais, observamos como os ideais nacionalistas se desenvolvem nesses países, e quais foram as soluções propostas em cada caso para os problemas da criação de uma identidade musical nacional. Nesse sentido, observamos como, à medida em que os ideais nacionalistas ganham contornos mais nítidos, as trajetórias de Villa-Lobos e Falla, que haviam partido de um início de carreira semelhante e que tiveram Paris como uma primeira rota de fuga, vão progressivamente se distanciando. Se Falla, por um lado, para concretizar o seu projeto nacionalista, prefere a reclusão e a atuação nos bastidores do meio musical espanhol, Villa-Lobos, por outro, insere-se no aparato público, comandando um grande programa disciplinador das massas através da doutrina do canto orfeônico. A apreciação musical das obras também nos ajudam a entender as respostas musicais dadas por esses compositores ao problema da criação de uma identidade nacional. Ao longo de suas trajetórias, estas obras ganham novos contornos que finalmente acabam por servir de parâmetros para as gerações seguintes de músicos brasileiros e espanhóis / Abstract: This work comprises a study of musical nationalism from a comparative perspective founded in the careers and works of two icons of 20th-century music, Heitor Villa-Lobos and Manuel de Falla, who are considered the greatest exponents of musical nationalism in their countries. First, it considers how "continuities" of nationalism, as identified by scholars, have manifested themselves in Brazil and Spain. Later, from the career paths of both musicians, it observes how nationalistic ideals developed in the two countries, and what solutions were proposed for the problems put forward by the creation of a national musical identity in each case. In this sense, it notes how, as the nationalistic ideals gained clearer definition, the paths of Villa-Lobos and Falla, who faced similar beginnings to their careers and shared Paris as their first escape, progressed. Whereas Falla, achieved his nationalistic project in reclusion, preferring to remain behind the scenes of the Spanish musical environment, Villa-Lobos inserted himself in the governmental machine, commanding a huge program to discipline the masses through the doctrine of Orpheonic singing. The musical appreciation of their works also helps us understand the musical answers given by those composers to the problem of creating a national identity. Finally, through their careers, these works acquire other features that are useful as parameters for subsequent generations of Brazilian and Spanish musicians / Doutorado / Doutor em Música

Este trabalho procura oferecer uma nova narrativa biográfica para o compositor de São Paulo e crítico musical do Correio Paulistano Alexandre Levy (1864-1892). Procurou-se assim atenuar a imagem construída para o compositor pelas obras tradicionais da historiografia musical brasileira, que são marcadas fortemente por uma perspectiva nacionalista. Assumiuse como pressuposto do trabalho uma clara explicitação metodológica e axiológica. Enquanto método, recorreu-se à interdisciplinaridade como recurso importante para a solução dos impasses e ambigüidades que se apresentaram. Essa tarefa foi alcançada através da aproximação concreta com a história cultural através de seus temas e reflexões. Utilizou-se como fontes primárias um conjunto de 17 artigos de Levy, assinados sob pseudônimo de Figarote. Entre as outras fontes, destacam-se ainda obras da historiografia da cultura e musicológicas. Este trabalho apresenta como resultado uma imagem de certo modo nova para Alexandre Levy. Constatou-se a modernidade do compositor, não reconhecível em trabalhos anteriores. Pode-se verificar a proximidade de Levy com os demais intelectuais da belle époque brasileira, período de engajamento intelectual, de preocupações modernizadoras, de interesse pelo instrumental cientificista, e também de perspectiva naturalista. / The purpose of this dissertation is to offer a new biographical narrative for the São Paulo composer and musical critic of Correio Paulistano Alexandre Levy (1864-1892). Therefore, one attempted to attenuate the image created for the composer by the traditional works of the Brazilian musical historiography, which are strongly noticeable by a nationalist perspective. It was assumed as a premise of the paper a clear methodological and axiological explicitness. In terms of method, one resorted to interdisciplinarity as an important resource for the solution of the deadlocks and ambiguities presented. This task was reached through the concrete approximation with cultural history through its subjects and reflections. One used as primary sources an ensemble of 17 articles by Levy, signed under the pseudonym of Figarote. In addition, works of the historiography of culture and musicology were employed as sources. This paper is presented as the result of an image, in a certain way, new to Alexandre Levy. It corroborates the modernity of the composer, not identifiable in previous papers. One may conclude on Levys proximity with the other intellectuals of the Brazilian belle époque, a period of intellectual involvement, modernizing concerns, interest for the scientific instrumental and also naturalist perspective.

À partir des années 1890, la construction de l’identité nationale américaine et d’un citoyen moderne mobilise différentes définitions de la notion de folk music, issues de différents milieux intellectuels et fondées sur une multiplication des collectes, pour culminer à la fin du New Deal en l’établissement d’un consensus sur l’existence et le contenu de base de l'American Folk Music. Compositeurs et musicologues construisent l’American Folk Music pour tenter de fonder une école de composition américaine qui rivaliserait avec les écoles européennes. Les folkloristes universitaires l’abordent en tant qu’objet d’étude, selon une approche textualiste et donc nécessairement anglo-centrée. Des anthropologues se saisissent aussi de cette notion pour l'appliquer aux musiques amérindiennes, puis à celles des Noirs-Américains. Avec les psychologues, ils y introduisent les influences des approches évolutionniste, diffusionniste, fonctionnaliste et relativiste. Éducateurs progressistes et travailleurs sociaux l’emploieront dans des projets d’ingénierie sociale, notamment en relation avec le mouvement d'américanisation. Tous ces paradigmes coexistent et s’opposent ou s’influencent jusque dans les années 1930, moment où l’institutionnalisation de l’American Folk Music au sein de l’État fédéral conduit à une rencontre et une forme de synthèse de toutes ces approches. Cette thèse explore les travaux des inventeurs de l’American Folk Music autour du parcours d’une des collectrices qui établissent la synthèse new-dealienne, Sidney Robertson. / From the 1890's on, the construction of American national identity and of the modern citizen draws on various definitions of the notion of folk music, produced by various intellectual circles and supported by the development of field collecting, to result towards the end of the New Deal Era in a tentative consensus on the basic content and the very existence of American Folk Music. Composers and musicologists address American Folk Music as a tool to try and set up an American composition school to rival the european ones. Academic folklorists approach it as a scholarly object through a text-centered paradigm requiring its linguistic anglo-centeredness. Anthropologists apply the notion to Amerindian, then later on Black-American musics. Along with the psychologists, they introduce in its definition the new concepts and bias of the competing evolutionist, diffusionist, functionalist and relativist theoretical schools. Progressive educators and social workers use it in their social engineering programs, most importantly in the Americanization-related ones.These various paradigms coexist, compete, and influence each other until the 1930's, when the institutionalization of American Folk Music inside Federal State agencies encourages a synthesis of these different approaches. The present thesis aims to describe the works and ideas of these various contributors to the invention of the American Folk Music through the study of the life and career of one of the New Deal collectors instrumental in this synthesis, Sidney Robertson.

A presente tese analisa a emergência da modernidade musical brasileira entre os anos 1889 e 1914. Analisa os discursos que a historiografia panorâmica tradicional brasileira construiu sobre a música de concerto daquele período, e analisa os discursos produzidos na própria época. Verifica que as iniciativas de atualização técnica e estilística da música de concerto respondiam a uma política oficial de modernização das artes, que tinha a Europa como modelo de civilização. Verifica também que a cultura das elites republicanas utilizava a prática da música de concerto como um mecanismo de distinção social. Conclui que as interações entre as concepções elitistas sobre música, as teorias raciais, o evolucionismo, e o cosmopolitismo legitimavam práticas culturais excludentes, reafirmando hierarquias sociais. Tais interações resultaram no aprofundamento do abismo entre a música de concerto e o público, na afirmação de hierarquias entre gêneros musicais, na valorização da noção de autonomia da obra musical e na manutenção dos vínculos com a música europeia, impedindo o surgimento de movimentos de vanguarda musical contra hegemônicos no Brasil no início do século XX. / This thesis analyzes the emergence of Brazilian musical modernity between the years 1889 and 1914. It analyzes the discourses that the Brazilian traditional panoramic historiography has elaborated about art music of that period, and analyzes the discourses produced at the time. It notes that the initiatives for the technical and stylistic art music\'s updating have risen in response to an official politics of modernization of fine arts, which had Europe as a model of civilization. It also notes that the culture of the Republican elites has used the practice of art music as a mechanism of social distinction. It concludes that the interactions between elitist conceptions about music, racial theories, evolutionism, and cosmopolitanism have legitimized exclusionary cultural practices, reaffirming social hierarchies. These interactions have resulted in a deepening gap between art music and the public, in the affirmation of hierarchies between musical genres, in the valorization of autonomy\'s notion of the musical work and in the maintenance of links with European music, preventing the emergence of vanguard movements counter-hegemonic in Brazil in the early twentieth Century.

This dissertation provides both an historical outline and contemporary ethnographic account of the Panamanian musical practice called “música típica popular,” which is commonly understood in Panama to denote a specific kind of vernacular music that is widely embraced. By examining the social-historical processes, events and discourses that have contributed to the genre’s development, this study seeks to develop greater understanding of what I argue is this music’s particular and pronouncedly ambiguous relationship to prominent themes of Panamanian cultural nationalism. Specifically, I endeavour to show that early on in its history música típica popular epitomized Panama’s (liberalist-identified) national ethos of progressive modernity and cultural cosmopolitanism while at the same time maintaining alignments to specific territories and musical practices significant to Panamanian vernacular imaginaries. The historical outline covers música típica popular’s development beginning from the late nineteenth century to the present. Its focus is on the genre’s tandem commercialisation and massification, performance and production technologies and associated performance modalities, shared musical/sonic traits, repertoire and approaches to innovation through musical mixing or fusión (fusion). One of the central goals here is to trace and examine points of alignment between música típica popular and dominant paradigms governing isthmian geo-cultural self-identification—particularly the interplay between a rural-identified “vernacular” culture and the perceived urban cosmopolitanism of Panamanian metropolites. Through ethnographic research this study also aims to examine the various sonic, social and economic factors that contribute to notions of música típica popular as a particular socio-musical collectivity actively in dialogue with discourses of Panamanian national and cultural identity. To this end, notions of “genre” and “style” provide an analytical framework particularly for coming to terms with the interplay between sensibilities of convention and common practice, and a need for meaningful differentiation among practitioners. It is my contention that while música típica popular practitioners actively cultivate links both to themes of Panamanian music-cultural vernacularism and cosmopolitanism, on the whole the relationship of the genre to nationalist discourse should be more properly understood as one of sustained ambiguity: not wholly aligned to one theme or the other, and in fact doggedly and often productively resistant to such binary categorizations.

This dissertation provides both an historical outline and contemporary ethnographic account of the Panamanian musical practice called “música típica popular,” which is commonly understood in Panama to denote a specific kind of vernacular music that is widely embraced. By examining the social-historical processes, events and discourses that have contributed to the genre’s development, this study seeks to develop greater understanding of what I argue is this music’s particular and pronouncedly ambiguous relationship to prominent themes of Panamanian cultural nationalism. Specifically, I endeavour to show that early on in its history música típica popular epitomized Panama’s (liberalist-identified) national ethos of progressive modernity and cultural cosmopolitanism while at the same time maintaining alignments to specific territories and musical practices significant to Panamanian vernacular imaginaries. The historical outline covers música típica popular’s development beginning from the late nineteenth century to the present. Its focus is on the genre’s tandem commercialisation and massification, performance and production technologies and associated performance modalities, shared musical/sonic traits, repertoire and approaches to innovation through musical mixing or fusión (fusion). One of the central goals here is to trace and examine points of alignment between música típica popular and dominant paradigms governing isthmian geo-cultural self-identification—particularly the interplay between a rural-identified “vernacular” culture and the perceived urban cosmopolitanism of Panamanian metropolites. Through ethnographic research this study also aims to examine the various sonic, social and economic factors that contribute to notions of música típica popular as a particular socio-musical collectivity actively in dialogue with discourses of Panamanian national and cultural identity. To this end, notions of “genre” and “style” provide an analytical framework particularly for coming to terms with the interplay between sensibilities of convention and common practice, and a need for meaningful differentiation among practitioners. It is my contention that while música típica popular practitioners actively cultivate links both to themes of Panamanian music-cultural vernacularism and cosmopolitanism, on the whole the relationship of the genre to nationalist discourse should be more properly understood as one of sustained ambiguity: not wholly aligned to one theme or the other, and in fact doggedly and often productively resistant to such binary categorizations.

A presente tese analisa a emergência da modernidade musical brasileira entre os anos 1889 e 1914. Analisa os discursos que a historiografia panorâmica tradicional brasileira construiu sobre a música de concerto daquele período, e analisa os discursos produzidos na própria época. Verifica que as iniciativas de atualização técnica e estilística da música de concerto respondiam a uma política oficial de modernização das artes, que tinha a Europa como modelo de civilização. Verifica também que a cultura das elites republicanas utilizava a prática da música de concerto como um mecanismo de distinção social. Conclui que as interações entre as concepções elitistas sobre música, as teorias raciais, o evolucionismo, e o cosmopolitismo legitimavam práticas culturais excludentes, reafirmando hierarquias sociais. Tais interações resultaram no aprofundamento do abismo entre a música de concerto e o público, na afirmação de hierarquias entre gêneros musicais, na valorização da noção de autonomia da obra musical e na manutenção dos vínculos com a música europeia, impedindo o surgimento de movimentos de vanguarda musical contra hegemônicos no Brasil no início do século XX. / This thesis analyzes the emergence of Brazilian musical modernity between the years 1889 and 1914. It analyzes the discourses that the Brazilian traditional panoramic historiography has elaborated about art music of that period, and analyzes the discourses produced at the time. It notes that the initiatives for the technical and stylistic art music\'s updating have risen in response to an official politics of modernization of fine arts, which had Europe as a model of civilization. It also notes that the culture of the Republican elites has used the practice of art music as a mechanism of social distinction. It concludes that the interactions between elitist conceptions about music, racial theories, evolutionism, and cosmopolitanism have legitimized exclusionary cultural practices, reaffirming social hierarchies. These interactions have resulted in a deepening gap between art music and the public, in the affirmation of hierarchies between musical genres, in the valorization of autonomy\'s notion of the musical work and in the maintenance of links with European music, preventing the emergence of vanguard movements counter-hegemonic in Brazil in the early twentieth Century.

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