The aim of this study is to determine the influence of personality type as described by Jungian personality theory on marriage problems and to determine the usability of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator to solve problems in the understanding and appreciating of individual personality differences. The research depicts the importance of self-awareness to maintain significant relationships. Self-awareness is conceptualised as an integral part of personality psychology. Accurate personality assessment is described as a means to gain accurate self-awareness. A literature study is done on personality theories to discover what role they play in marriage counselling. The question - where does the personality theory of Jung fit into personality psychology and marriage counselling - is answered. The Myers-Briggs Personality Type Indicator® as an application of Jungian personality theory and an assessment technique to gain accurate self-awareness is discussed. A literature study of different marriage counselling approaches is presented and the focus of these approaches is discussed. None of these approaches used personality theory explicitly. A marriage counselling approach is developed which integrates the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. The approach has five pillars: 1. Developing mutual trust 2. Recognizing and accepting individual differences 3. Giving and receiving feedback 4. Solving problems 5. Letting go of the past The research presents case studies, which confirm that the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator does help individuals and couples to become self-aware and develop awareness of the differences between their personality types. This self-awareness helps to rebuild marital relationships. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / DTH (PRACTICAL THEOLOGY)

Personality, psychological type and cognitive ability are frequently implied to be underlying causes of differences in reasoning processes, decision-making processes and general success in a job. However, there is a trend towards utilising cognitive and personality measures interchangeably in the context of selection and development, particularly as it pertains to selection based on cognitive ability and cognitive style. The general aim of this research was therefore to investigate the relationship between psychological type, as measured by the Myers-Briggs Type Inventory (MBTI), and cognitive abilities and styles as measured by the Cognitive Process Profile (CPP). Cognitive ability is discussed under the cognitive psychology paradigm. A clarification of concepts associated with cognitive psychology is provided, and the CPP model is introduced as an integrative model encompassing aspects of cognitive ability and cognitive style. Psychological type is discussed under the analytical psychology paradigm, with a focus on personality structure, dynamics and development. This is then integrated into an overview of Jung's theory of personality types and the development of the MBTI. An empirical investigation, utilising Pairwise comparisons and Chi-square statistics was conducted. The results were then integrated to enable a better understanding of the relationship between cognition and personality. Based on this, it was concluded that there is insufficient evidence to suggest that a relationship exists between cognitive styles (as defined by the CPP) and personality (as defined by the MBTI). There were however, sufficient statistically significant findings to suggest that there is some relationship between cognitive processes / competencies and personality. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.A. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

An exploratory study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between personality preference groupings, as described by Jung’s (1959) type theory, and emotional intelligence, as measured by Bar-On’s emotional intelligence quotient (Bar-On, 1997). The sample group consisted of 1 121 recruitment candidates for a South African investment bank. The sixteen personality types, as measured by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, were represented in the sample. The statistical analysis conducted for this study included comparison of means, correlation analysis and analysis of variance. The results indicated statistically significant relationships between the preferences of Extroversion, Judgement, their combined preference grouping and emotional intelligence. No statistically significant relationships were found between the preference groupings of Intuition and Thinking, Sensing and Thinking, Intuition and Feeling, and Sensing and Feeling. The preferred Feeling preference type consistently scored the lowest in terms of emotional intelligence scores. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.A. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology

The aim of this study was to determine whether personality types are predictors of team roles in order to make recommendations for the use of personality types, in conjunction with team roles, in selection and teambuilding. The study was conducted among 50 professionals and managers in Western Cape organisations. The data was collected by means of the Myers-Briggs Personality Type Indicator (MBTI) and the TearnBuilder Model of Team Roles. Supporting evidence, although not sufficient, indicates that the Extraversion (E) personality type is a positive predictor of the Driving Onward team role and a negative predictor of the Delivering Plans team role. The Introversion (I) personality type is not a predictor of any team role. The Sensing (S) personality type is a negative predictor of the Driving Onward team role and a positive predictor of the Delivering Plans team role. The Intuition (N) personality type is a positive predictor of the Driving Onward team role and a negative predictor of the Delivering Plans team role. The Thinking (T) personality type is a positive predictor of the Controlling Quality team role. The Feeling (F) personality type is not a predictor of any team role. The Judging (J) personality type is a positive predictor of the Planning Ahead team role, and the Perceiving (P) personality type is a negative predictor of the Planning Ahead team role. It can be assumed that the full range of personality types will be a predictor of the full range of team roles, should a larger sample size and geographical sample group be included in the study. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.A. (Industrial Psychology)

An exploratory study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between personality preference groupings, as described by Jung’s (1959) type theory, and emotional intelligence, as measured by Bar-On’s emotional intelligence quotient (Bar-On, 1997). The sample group consisted of 1 121 recruitment candidates for a South African investment bank. The sixteen personality types, as measured by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, were represented in the sample. The statistical analysis conducted for this study included comparison of means, correlation analysis and analysis of variance. The results indicated statistically significant relationships between the preferences of Extroversion, Judgement, their combined preference grouping and emotional intelligence. No statistically significant relationships were found between the preference groupings of Intuition and Thinking, Sensing and Thinking, Intuition and Feeling, and Sensing and Feeling. The preferred Feeling preference type consistently scored the lowest in terms of emotional intelligence scores. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.A. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology

The aim of this study was to determine whether personality types are predictors of team roles in order to make recommendations for the use of personality types, in conjunction with team roles, in selection and teambuilding. The study was conducted among 50 professionals and managers in Western Cape organisations. The data was collected by means of the Myers-Briggs Personality Type Indicator (MBTI) and the TearnBuilder Model of Team Roles. Supporting evidence, although not sufficient, indicates that the Extraversion (E) personality type is a positive predictor of the Driving Onward team role and a negative predictor of the Delivering Plans team role. The Introversion (I) personality type is not a predictor of any team role. The Sensing (S) personality type is a negative predictor of the Driving Onward team role and a positive predictor of the Delivering Plans team role. The Intuition (N) personality type is a positive predictor of the Driving Onward team role and a negative predictor of the Delivering Plans team role. The Thinking (T) personality type is a positive predictor of the Controlling Quality team role. The Feeling (F) personality type is not a predictor of any team role. The Judging (J) personality type is a positive predictor of the Planning Ahead team role, and the Perceiving (P) personality type is a negative predictor of the Planning Ahead team role. It can be assumed that the full range of personality types will be a predictor of the full range of team roles, should a larger sample size and geographical sample group be included in the study. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.A. (Industrial Psychology)

This thesis expresses a thorough conceptual and theoretical investigation of the liturgical challenges a liturgist (preacher) faces to address worshippers of all MBTI® (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator®) personality types effectively in public sermons. The investigation is focused on the conceptualizing of psychological factors and the effects thereof that need to be taken into account by liturgists in a public worship service. The scientific aim of the thesis is to give liturgists a theoretical grasp on the hermeneutical factors, liturgical demands and homiletical challenges that any preacher should calculate in addressing worshippers with different and often ‘conflicting’ personality types and needs in a public sermon. I have chosen the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator® as psychometric instrument which consists out of sixteen unique and different personality types that are described in a four letter combination. This combination describes a person’s preferred orientation to the world (extroversion or introversion), his/her preferred way of gathering information (sensing or intuition), his/her preferred way of decision making (thinking or feeling) and the preferred lifestyle he/she adopts (judging or perceiving). The MBTI® builds on the insights of the well-known Swiss psychiatrist Carl Gustav Jung, the father of analytical psychology as well as the efforts of the formidable mother and daughter combination, Isabel Myers and Katharine Briggs. The reason for this choice is because the MBTI® proofs to be the most distinctive and effective instrument for comprehensively addressing spirituality and type. On the one hand the MBTI® is ‘friendly’ and intelligible enough to be taken into account by any congregation and liturgist while on the other hand it is a thorough and comprehensive psychometric instrument with sound subjacent psychological and scientific principles. Jung distinguished two opposite energizing orientations to the world, extraversion and introversion and four mental functions, the two opposite ways of taking in information (sensing and intuition) and the two opposite ways of ordering (organizing) the information that’s been taken in (thinking and feeling). In addition, Isabel Myers and Katharine Briggs added two preferred opposite lifestyles, an organized planned lifestyle (judging) and an adaptive spontaneous lifestyle (perceiving). Out of these combined distinctions the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator® was born. The investigation is conveyed in two distinct phases namely a theoretical- and a conclusive phase. The thesis consists out of four parts. Part 1 (Chapters 1 and 2) covers the introduction, an explanation of the methodology and the preliminary description of the concepts in the title of the thesis and other relevant concepts for example ‘liturgy’. The title of the thesis is: Personality types in worshippers: A practical-theological investigation of the challenges a preacher faces to address worshippers of all MBTI® (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator®) personality types effectively in sermons. A bilingual list of keywords is included at the beginning of the thesis to enhance continuous research and investigation. Part 2 encompasses the rest of the theoretical phase of the investigation. It consists out of a theoretical exposition of practical-theological principles like hermeneutics and homiletics (Chapter 3), an explanation of three important hermeneutical exponents Gadamer, Habermas and Ricoeur (Chapter 4), other distinctive factors that should be taken into account by the liturgist in the construction and presentation of a worship service (Chapter 5), the discussion of personality and personality types (Chapter 6), the evaluation of several psychological and psychometric instruments that could contribute to the investigation (Chapter 7), the exposition of Jung’s psychological model subjacent to the MBTI® (Chapter 8), an explanation of the theoretical foundation of the MBTI® (Chapter 9) and a comprehensive and extensive exposition of the sixteen distinctive MBTI® personality types (Chapter 10). Part 3 of the thesis consists out of Chapters 11 and 12 and encompasses the conclusive phase of the investigation. The aim of the investigation was to foster appreciation and insight in the dynamics, interaction and co-operation of the MBTI® factors, -combinations and sixteen -personality types in worshippers, so that liturgists and congregations can plan the composition and presentation of worship services accordingly. It will help to lessen the communication hindrances in the presenting and accepting of the Gospel in a worship service. The following practical question is answered in Part 3: What knowledge and insight needs to be fostered within preachers, church councils and congregations in order to accommodate and utilize the needs and strengths of the different personality types so that effective communication of the Gospel can take place in die worship service, where all personality types are potentially included? Preachers and congregations are helped to practically and liturgically address worshippers of all 16 MBTI® personality types. In Chapter 11 general challenges and demands that a liturgist (preacher) faces to address worshippers of all the MBTI® personality types effectively in a public sermon, are addressed. Other determining factors like needs, expectations, theological-anthropological perspectives, spirituality, conflicting timeframes, different generations, stages of psychological- and faith development, selective moments, politics, relationships, social contexts, clothing, moods, language, culture, sexuality, gender roles and defence meganisms are also calculated. The determining and role of personality types (in liturgist and worshippers) and the practical implications and challenges of distinct MBTI® factors and -combinations are addressed. The hermeneutical-, liturgical- and homiletical challenges and demands of the various factors are calculated. The chapter ends by calculating other practical demands and suggestions like different types of worship sermons, alternating worship services, the alternating of liturgical elements in one sermon and the developing of a specific and deliberate style and identity in a worship service. In Chapter 12 the specific demands and challenges that the liturgist faces to effectively address worshippers of all sixteen MBTI® personality types in sermons, are addressed. Hermeneutical-, liturgical- and homiletical challenges and demands with regard to each of the sixteen MBTI® personality types are taken practically into account in a communicative theory of practice. Hermeneutical challenges helps liturgists to spiritually understand each personality type better. With regard to liturgical presentation and construction, the liturgical suggestions enhance the accommodation and involvement of every personality type in the public sermon. Homiletical proposals contribute to the effective preaching, heralding and receiving of the Gospel in the public worship service, so that worshippers of every personality style can be addressed in the public worship service. Other liturgists are invited to freely add their experience and insight in the practical application of the hermeneutical-, liturgical- and homiletical suggestions and proposals. Part 4 concludes the thesis with a short summary and an extensive exposition of literature references in a Bibliography according to an adapted Harvard method. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Practical Theology / unrestricted

The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of the potential effect of sudden loss on the personality structures of bereaved individuals. For this purpose, I focused on the individual personality structures of five nuclear family members during the first year following the sudden loss of their daughter/sister. I followed a concurrent nested mixed model research approach and relied upon both the post-positivist and interpretivist paradigms, allowing me to integrate the complementary strengths of quantitative and qualitative data collection by means of triangulation. I utilised a within group interrupted time series design, comparing the family’s MBTI® profiles prior to and following the sudden loss they had experienced. In addition, I incorporated the results of 16PF profiles of the participants administered post-sudden loss. I further substantiated my findings in terms of recurring themes on individual metaphors concerning the sudden loss experience, constructed by the participants. The findings of the study indicated that distinct changes in personality structures occurred in terms of the personality structures of the participants. Pertaining to the four polarities of the MBTI®, I found that the participants displayed a greater preference for the Introversion attitude, as well as both the Sensing and Feeling functions, after they had experienced sudden loss. All participants displayed an inclination towards personal growth by moving closer to the Judging/Perceiving axis post-sudden loss. In addition, two general tendencies were evident amongst the participants, namely a greater dependence on the inferior functions; and secondly the tendency to rely on type exaggeration when dealing with sudden loss. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Educational Psychology / unrestricted

Объектом исследования является интеллект как психологическая характеристика личности. Предметом исследования особенности интеллекта представителей различных типов MBTI. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, списка литературы (91 источников) и приложений, включающих в себя бланки применявшихся методик, данные по ранним исследованиям. Объем магистерской диссертации 128 страниц, на которых размещены 7 рисунков и 23 таблицы. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируется основная и конкретизирующие гипотезы, указываются методы и эмпирическая база. Первая глава включает в себя обзор иностранной и отечественной литературы по теме исследования: описание основных понятий и их характеристики. Подробно рассматриваются следующие психологические конструкты: интеллект, тип личности, академическая успеваемость. Выводы по первой главе представляют собой итоги по изучению теоретического материала. Вторая глава посвящена эмпирической части исследования. В ней представлено описание хода исследования и интерпретация полученных результатов. На основе полученных данных продемонстрированы разработанные модели интеллекта и успеваемости. Выводы по главе 2 включают в себя основные результаты эмпирического исследования. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам, обоснована практическая значимость исследования. Результаты исследования были апробированы на XVI Региональной научно-практической конференции «Психология: от теории к практике» и представлены 3 публикации в сборниках материалов всероссийских и международных научно-практических конференций. / The object of the study was intelligence as a psychological characteristic of personality The subject of the study was the intelligence features in different types of personality MBTI The master's thesis consists of an introduction, two chapters, conclusion, a list of literature (91 sources) and applications, including forms of applied techniques, the classifier of associative connections, early research data. The volume of the master's thesis is 128 pages, on which are placed 7 figures and 23 tables. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, the development of the problem, the purpose and objectives of the research, the object and subject of the research, the main hypothesis are formulated, the methods and the empirical base are specified. The first chapter include a review of foreign and domestic literature on the topic of the study: a description of the basic concepts and their characteristics. The following psychological constructs are considered in detail: intellect, personality type, academic performance. The first chapter include a review of foreign and domestic literature on the topic of the study. Conclusions on the first chapter are the results of the study of theoretical material. The two chapter is devoted to the empirical part of the study. On the basis of the obtained data, the developed models of intelligence and performance are demonstrated. The conclusions of chapter 2 include the main results of the empirical study. In conclusion, the results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work, as well as conclusions on the hypotheses put forward, the practical significance of the study. The results of the study were tested at the XVI Regional Scientific and Practical Conference "Psychology: from theory to practice" and presented 3 publications in collections of materials of all-Russian and international scientific-practical conferences.

Varje år genomförs ungefär 3,5 miljoner personlighetsprofileringar med Myers-Briggs Type Indicator®, MBTI ®. Det gör instrumentet till ett av de mest använda psykologiska testen i världen och det innebär att lika många människor får en etikett på sin personlighetstyp som kan användas på olika sätt. Det finns studier, till exempel av Carlyn, som talar för att MBTI är ett pålitligt instrument, men det finns också studier, till exempel av Pittenger, som hävdar motsatsen. James Michael menar att enbart MBTI ger en alltför inkomplett bild av en ledares beteende. Kanske är det klokt att komplettera MBTI med andra testinstrument för att få en komplettare bild av en individ.En modell som skulle kunna komplettera MBTI är motivationsteorin Self-Determination Theory, SDT, och tillhörande delteori General Causality Orientation, GCO. I denna studie jämförs MBTI med GCO och resultatet indikerar att autonomi orientation i GCO saknar kausala samband med MBTI medan controlled orientation och impersonal orientation har viss överlappning. Slutsatsen blir att de två modellerna mäter olika aspekter av personlighet och att de därför kan komplettera varandra. / Every year about 3.5 million personality profiles are made with the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator ®, MBTI ®. This should make the instrument one of the most widely used psychological tests in the world and it means that a lot of people get a description of their personality type that can be used in different ways. Some studies, for example by Carlyn, suggest that the MBTI is a reliable instrument, but there are also studies, for example by Pittenger, that claim otherwise. James Michael says that MBTI alone give an incomplete assessment of a leader's behavior. Perhaps it is wise to complete the MBTI with other test instruments to get a more complete profile of an individual.A model that could complement MBTI is Self-Determination Theory, SDT, and the related sub theory General Causality Orientation, GCO. This study compares MBTI with GCO and the results indicate that autonomy orientation in GCO has no causality with MBTI whereas controlled orientation and impersonal orientation has some overlapping. The conclusion is that the two models measure different aspects of personality and therefore they can complement each other.