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L'élaboration de squelettes de pipéridinones et lactones a été accomplie de manière très efficace en alliant processus radicalaires et ioniques. La synthèse d'oximes SEM-protégées par un assemblage multicomposant radicalaire permet, après hydrolyse de la fonction oxime, d'obtenir rapidement un aldéhyde fonctionnalisé. Ce composé est ensuite transformé en lactone ou pipéridinone désirée par un processus ionique.Une approche minimisant le nombre d'étapes élémentaires a été développée autorisant ainsi un accès rapide et convenable à une grande diversité de structures. Ces processus peuvent impliquer jusqu'à cinq composants. / The construction of piperidinone and lactone scaffolds has been performed efficiently, combining radical and ionic processes. The synthesis of SEM-protected oximes by a multicomponent radical reaction enables, after hydrolysis of the oxime functional group, the access to a functionalized aldehyde. This compound is then converted into a lactone or a piperidinone by a ionic process.An approach minimizing the number of steps has been developed, thus allowing a rapid and convenient access to a large diversity of structures. These processes may involve up to five components.

Le projet de recherche est centré sur le développement de nouvelles transformations catalysées par de l'or en chimie des ions N-acyliminiums. L'objectif de la première partie de ce projet est de développer une séquence 5-exo-dig intramoléculaire hydroalkoxylation/aza-Ferrier-Petasis réarrangement catalysée par l’or. Une deuxième partie du projet est consacrée à l'élaboration de la première alcynylation catalytique d'ions cycliques N-acyliminium utilisant N,O-acétals. Ce type de réaction est potentiellement une transformation importante, donnant naissance à des dérivés d'amines propargyliques. Ces derniers peuvent faire l’objet d’autres réactions conduisant à des produits naturels azotés ainsi qu’à certains analogues. Compte tenu de nos objectifs, l’intérêt principal est l'utilisation d’alkynes TMS en accord avec des complexes d'or qui ont été coordines avec des contre-ions faiblement nucléophiles. Pour élargir le champ de la catalyse basée sur l'or, il est important d'étendre la gamme de substrats et les groupes fonctionnels qui peuvent être activées par des complexes d'or. Une dernière partie est consacrée à la catalyse séquentielle qui favorise des processus catalytiques à plusieurs étapes. De cette manière, deux transformations catalytiques et fondamentalement différentes sont réalisées dans un même récipient. Ce travail nous a permis l’accès rapide et efficace à une famille de composes à structure complexe avec bons rendements. Par conséquent, il s'agit d'un sujet innovant en synthèse organique moderne qui a permis d’ouvrir la voie à de nouveaux projets. / The research project is centred on the development of new gold catalyzed transformations in N-acyliminium ion chemistry. The objective of our first part of the project is to develop an enantioselective gold-catalyzed 5 exo-dig intramolecular hydroalkoxylation/aza-Ferrier-Petasis rearrangement sequence. This sequence could give an asymmetric and atom economic expeditious access to the structure of hydropyrrolizidines, which are known to be potential biologically active compounds. A second part of the project is devoted to the development of the first catalytic alkynylation of cyclic N-acyliminium ions using N,O-acetals. This type of reaction is potentially an important transformation, giving rise to propargylic amine derivatives amenable to further interesting synthetic manipulations en route to nitrogen-containing natural products and some analogs. Considering our objectives, key features is the use of TMS alkynes in conjunction with gold complexes that have been paired with poorly nucleophilic counter-ions. To broaden the scope of catalysis based on gold, it is important to extend the range of substrates and functional groups that can be activated by gold complexes. A final section is devoted to the sequential catalysis which designs the promotion of catalytic multistep processes. In this way, two fundamentally distinct chemical transformations are catalytically promoted in a single flask. This research area allows the rapid and efficient reach of complex molecular frameworks with improved yields and resource efficiency. Therefore, this is an exciting theme in modern organic synthesis that has recently stimulated the report of numerous excellent contributions.

Une grande partie de cette thèse est dédiée à la chimie des isonitriles: ainsi plusieurs chapitres traitent des interactions entre isonitriles et dérivés d'acides, une part importante y a été consacrée à la valorisation des pyruvamides fluorés obtenus par addition d'isonitriles sur l'anhydride trifluoroacétique. Il nous a ainsi été possible de démontrer l'intérêt des hydrates de trifluoropyruvamides en tant qu'électrophiles vis à vis de cétones et de dérivés nitrés. Des tentatives de couplages pinacoliques de pyruvamides nous ont par la suite entraîné vers l'étude d'une réduction très originale d'aldéhydes aromatiques par le diméthylphosphite. Le mécanisme implique probablement un réarrangement de type Phospha-Brook avec formation directe de phosphates benzyliques. Quelques applications synthétiques de cette réaction ont été testées avant de revenir sur la chimie des isonitriles. Nous avons pu combiner une réaction de type Ugi avec une cyclisation de N-acyliminium dans une synthèse très courte de dicétopipérazines tricycliques.

Operationally friendly protocols to produce libraries of novel small molecules with high molecular complexity are in huge demand for the interrogation of biological systems. As such, development of new MCRs and post-condensation modification of the MCR products have proven fruitful in the quest for new molecular probes and their expedited progression along the drug discovery value chain. The products thereof have found their way into numerous corporate compound collections. Crixivan (Indinavir), an antiretroviral, and Xylocaine (Lidocaine), a local anesthetic, are two examples of drugs derived from an MCR that have been marketed. The research topic of this dissertation encompasses the design and development of fifteen novel drug-like chemotypes in an operationally friendly, green, and expedited (≤ 3 synthetic operations) manner involving the Ugi MCR coupled with MAOS and high-throughput purification platforms. Over 500 drug-like small molecules (purity > 90% based on UV 214 nm and ELSD) have been synthesized, purified, and submitted to the NIH MLSMR for further biological evaluation against protein targets of interest. Furthermore, non-electrochemical carbamate oxidations enabling formation of N-acyliminium ion precursors, which are reactive intermediates that form the basis of a multitude of synthetic routes to natural products, have also been developed.

Orientador: Carlos Roque Duarte Correia / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T09:17:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Machado_AngeloHenriquedeLira_D.pdf: 4915983 bytes, checksum: 89834cce52979553f868c0a1e9937eba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: A reação entre n-butilviniléter e vários sais de arenodiazônio mediada por paládio (0) foi metodologicamente investigada neste trabalho. O sistema catalítico empregado baseou-se naquele descrito por T. Matsuda e colaboradores onde a fonte de paládio é o complexo Pd2dba3.dba, acetonitrila é o solvente e acetato de sódio atua como base. As reações se deram à temperatura ambiente e os rendimentos variaram em função da natureza eletrônica do sal de arenodiazônio sendo que aqueles com grupos doadores de elétrons ligados no anel aromático levaram a rendimentos de até 90% e aqueles com substituintes retiradores de elétrons ligados ao anel aromático não conduziram aos produtos de arilação desejados. A seletividade para o produto de arilação na posição a do butilviniléter também se mostrou dependente da natureza eletrônica do substituinte ligado ao anel aromático do sal de diazônio. Estes procedimentos não conduziram aos produtos de arilação de enamidas e enecarbamatos acíclicos. Tentativas de uso de carbenos N-heterocíclicos como ligantes para reação destas olefinas também se mostraram frustradas. As espécies envolvidas no ciclo catalítico dos procedimentos otimizados para o butilviniléter foram detectadas e identificadas por técnicas de espectrometria de massas (ESI-MS e ESI-MS/MS) e ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN¹H, RMN¹³C, NOESY e PFGSE). A reação entre um íon N-acilimínio com carboníla endocíclica e 2-fenil-[1,3,2]- dioxaborolano foi investigada e o procedimento levou majoritariamente à formação do produto de transesterificação do ácido borônico com álcool de partida. Apesar das alterações realizadas nas condições experimentais, o produto desejado, cis-2-fenil-3- hidróxi-N-benzilpirrolidona, foi apenas detectado como componente minoritário de uma mistura de dióis provenientes da hidrólise do precursor do íon N-acilimínio (2% CG) / Abstract; The reaction between n-butylvinylether and arenediazonium tetrafluoroborates mediated by palladium (0) was methodologically investigated in this work. The catalytic system described by T. Matsuda and co-workers (Pd2dba3.dba, NaOAc and acetonitrile at room temperature) were optimized after screening of the solvent, base, palladium and base concentration, temperature and reaction time. Arenediazonium salt with EDG yields the best results. EWG causes the suppression of the catalytic activity. The regioselectivity (Ca vs Cb arylation) was also evaluated and shows the same dependence with respect to the electronic nature of the arenediazonium salts. The best results (Ca/Cb > 99:1) were obtained to EDG containing arenediazonium salts. The optimized reaction conditions to enolether arylation don¿t yield the desired products to acyclic enamides and enecarbamates. Attempts to use of N-heterocyclic carbenes as ligands to yield the desired acyclic enamides e enecarbamates arylation failed. The species involved in the catalytic cycle of optimized catalytic system for the butylvinylether were detected and identified by mass spectrometry (ESI-MS and ESIMS/ MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (RMN¹H, RMN¹³C, NOESY and PFGSE). The role of dba and acetate anion was also understudied. The reaction between an endocyclic carbonyl N-acyliminium ion and 2-phenyl-[1,3,2]-dioxaborolane was investigated. Instead the desired cis-2-phenyl-3- hydroxy-N-benzylpyrrolidone, only detected by gas chromatography, the reaction yields a chiral 2-phenyl-[1,3,2]-dioxaborolane formed by the transestherification reaction between the starting materials. Attempts to improve the formation of the desired product by change the reaction conditions failed / Doutorado / Quimica Organica / Doutor em Ciências

Orientador: Ronaldo Aloise Pilli / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T09:48:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Correia_ValquirioGraia_M.pdf: 5120551 bytes, checksum: 59d3f74f13394c176e7a8ee336417804 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Neste trabalho sintetizamos alguns análogos à febrifugina (1), alcaloide inicialmente isolado a partir de extratos da erva Chang shan (Dichroa febrífuga) e detentor de potente atividade antimalárica. Foram sintetizados análogos na forma racêmica em que se variou o tamanho do anel heterocíclico saturado, a ausência de substituinte e presença de um átomo de bromo na posição C3¿, visando estudar a influência desses elementos na atividade contra P. falciparum e na citotoxicidade. A síntese dos análogos envolveu reações de a-amidoalquilação entre íons N-acilimínio e éteres enólicos de silício ou acetatos enólicos na etapa chave. Os análogos 11, 80 e 81 foram preparados em oito etapas, em bons rendimentos globais. Enquanto os análogos 82-84 foram preparados em seis etapas, utilizando-se metodologias diastereosseletivas, em rendimentos globais razoáveis / Abstract: In this work we synthesized some febrifugine analogs (1), alkaloid initially isolated from the extracts of the herb Chang Shan (dichroa febrifuga) wich displayed potent antimalarial activity. Analogs have been synthesized in racemic form, varying the size of the saturated heterocyclic ring, the absence of substituent and the presence of a bromine atom at C3¿ position aiming to study the influence of these elements in the activity against P. falciparum and the cell toxicity. To synthesize the analogues we have used a-amidoalkylation reaction between N-acyliminium ions and silylenolethers or enolacetates in the key step. Analogs 11, 80 and 81 were prepared in eight steps in good overall yields, while the analogs 82-84 were prepared in six steps, using a diastereoselective á-amidoalkylation reaction, in reasonable overall yields / Mestrado / Quimica Organica / Mestre em Química

L'acide malique est un produit naturel peu couteux. Les N,O-acetals dérivés d’acide malique sont régulièrement utilisés en chimie des ions N-acyliminiums endocycliques. L’utilisation de cette classe très populaire de précurseurs d’ions N-acyliminiums stéréopurs est à quelques exceptions près limitée aux di-acétoxylactames. Les couplages par formation de liaisons C-C de ces intermédiaires cationiques avec divers nucléophiles sont souvent décrites pour conduire à un diastéréocontrôle insuffisant. Dans cette éventualité, la séparation du mélange des diastéréoisomères formés peut également être un problème. Par conséquent, le développement de nouveaux N,O-acétals dérivés d'acide malique susceptibles d'améliorer la diastéréosélectivité de ce type d' α-amidoalkylations (et/ou de faciliter la séparation des deux diastéréoisomères), qui sont fréquemment utilisées comme étape clé dans des synthèses multiétapes de produits naturels ou leurs analogues, est souhaitable. Le travail décrit dans ce manuscrit se situe dans ce contexte, il détaille la préparation d'une librairie de nouveaux N,Oacétals stéréopurs et leur utilisation dans de nouvelles transformations, catalytiques et diastéréosélectives basées sur la chimie des ions N-acyliminiums. Cette thèse décrit l'amélioration de la diastéréosélectivité intrinsèque trans des réactions d'α- amidoalkylation d'éthers d'énol silylés par des ions N-acyliminiums optiquement purs dérivés d'acide malique catalysées par le super acide l'acide triflimidique. Nous démontrons que la nature des deux partenaires réactionnels peut être modulée pour améliorer le rapport diastéréoisomérique jusqu'à des valeurs très élevées de 98:2. Dans une seconde phase de ce travail, le développement d'une séquence cascade multicatalytique "one-pot" associant une amidoalkylation intermoléculaire de type Friedel- Crafts acido-catalysée avec une a-hydroarylation intramoléculaire catalysée par des complexes cationiques d'or, est présentée. Cette méthodologie combine deux thèmes en vogue en synthèse organique, à savoir l'organocatalyse et la catalyse à l'or, et permet un accès extrêmement rapide à de nouvelles structures polyhétérocycliques complexes fusionnées chirales. / Malic acid is an inexpensive natural product which is widely used as a chiral source in natural product synthesis. N,O-acetals derived from malic acid are regularly used in N-acyliminium ions endocyclic chemistry. The use of this very popular class of iminium ion precursors is mainly limited to stereopure 4,5-di-acetoxy lactams, the C-C bond coupling reactions of which with various nucleophiles are frequently reported to exhibit insufficient diastereocontrol. Moreover, the subsequent separation of the resulting mixture of diastereoisomers might also be an issue. Hence, developing novel N,O-acetalic malic acid derivatives is desirable in order to improve the diastereoselectivity of this type of α-amidoalkylation reactions (and/or to facilitate the separation of diastereomers) which are frequently used as a pivotal step in the context of multi-step syntheses of natural products and analogues. The work described in this manuscript lies in this context, with the preparation of a library of novel stereopure N,O-acetals and their subsequent use in new, catalytic and diastereoselective transformations based on N-acyliminiums ions chemistry. This thesis firstly describes the improvement of the intrinsic trans diastereoselectivity of the α-amidoalkylation reactions of silyl enol ethers with N-acyliminium ions derived from malic acid, generated in situ under triflimidic acid catalysis. It is shown that the structure of both reaction partners can be tuned to raise diastereomeric ratios to very high levels up to 98:2. In a second phase of this work, the development of a multicatalytic cascade sequence involving an intermolecular Friedel-Crafts type -amidoalkylation catalyzed by triflimidic acid, followed by an intramolecular hydroarylation catalyzed by cationic gold(I) complexes, is presented. The methodology developed in this second part of our work combines two hot contemporary topics of organic synthesis, namely organocatalysis and gold catalysis, and allows extremely fast access to new, sophisticated fused polyheterocyclic chiral structures.

Les bispidines sont des diamines polycycliques chirales régulièrement utilisées comme ligand pour réaliser de l’induction asymétrique. La bispidine HZ2 est connue pour être agoniste et sélective des récepteurs κ-opioïdes, récepteurs impliqués dans le mécanisme douloureux. Ce travail décrit la mise au point d’une méthode générale de synthèse asymétrique et flexible du squelette bispidine, permettant des modifications structurales, afin d’évaluer le potentiel pharmacologique des analogues synthétisés. Tout d’abord, nous avons synthétisé des pipéridines 2,3,6-trisubstituées grâce à une réaction de Mannich intramoléculaire stéréospécifique entre un β,β’-diaminocétal et divers aldéhydes. Les pipéridones possédant une fonction amino-éthyle en position 3, ainsi obtenues ont été engagées dans une deuxième réaction de Mannich, pour l’obtention de bispidines bicycliques. Ensuite, nous avons souhaité accéder à des bispidines de géométrie plus contrainte. Pour cela, la condensation de divers anhydrides sur les pipéridones possédant une fonction amino-éthyle en position 3, a permis la formation des imides correspondants, précurseurs d’ions N-acyliminium. Les bispidines tricycliques et tétracycliques, sont obtenues par cyclisation en milieu acide en présence des éthers d’énols. Une étude de détermination structurale par RMN a permis de mettre en évidence les différentes conformations adoptées par les bispidines synthétisées (chaise-chaise, chaise-bateau, chaise-twist). Enfin, les composés synthétisés ont fait l’objet de tests in vivo afin d’évaluer leur potentiel antalgique. Ils ont montré une activité modérée. Cependant, l’introduction de groupements aromatiques en α de l’atome d’azote devrait accroître l’efficacité de nos composés, selon les modèles décrits dans la littérature. / Bispidines are polycyclic chirales diamines which are usefull ligands for asymmetric induction. Bispidine HZ2 is known to be an agonist and selective of κ-receptors, receptors invoved in pain mechanism. This work focuses on the development of a versatile asymmetric synthesis of bispidine backbone, allowing structural modifications, in order to evaluate the pharmacologic potential of compounds prepared. Initially, we synthetized 2,3,6-trisubstituted piperidines thanks to an intramolecular stereospecific Mannich reaction between a β,β’-diaminoketal and various aldehydes. Piperidones, thus obtained, which have an amino-ethyl function in position 3, were submitted to a second Mannich reaction, in order to prepare bicyclic bispidines. Then, we wish to obtain bispidines of restricted conformation. The condensation of several aldehydes on piperidones which have an amino-ethyl function in position 3, enabled the formation of the corresponding imides, precursors of N-acyliminium ions. Tricyclic and tetracyclic bispidines were obtained by a cyclisation in acid conditions in presence of enol ethers. A NMR study enabled to give rise to the adopted conformations of the bispidines prepared (chair-chair, chair-boat, chair-twist). Finally, the synthetized compounds were tested in vivo in order to evaluate their analgesic potential. They showed a moderate activity. However, the introduction of aromatic groups in position α of the nitrogen atom would increase the efficiency of our compounds, according to the literature.

This thesis concerns the development of the first BINOL phosphoric acid (BPA) catalysed enantioselective N-acyliminium cyclisation reactions and their incorporation into domino sequences that allow for the construction of architecturally complex enantioenriched polycycles in a single step from easily accessible starting materials. More specifically, this thesis deals with the discovery of a BPA-catalysed enantioselective N-acyliminium cyclisation cascade of enol lactones and tryptamines. Its extension to a doubly catalysed process involving gold(I) to cycloisomerise alkynoic acids and a BPA to effect the enantioselective N-acyliminium cyclisation is presented. In addition, the exploitation of this method in highly diastereo- and enantioselective N-acyliminium cyclisations of oxoacids and tryptamines and in a site isolated base-catalysed Michael addition / acid-catalysed N-acyliminium cyclisation cascade is described. A study on the proposed mechanism and model for the origin of enantioselectivity is discussed, based on experimental data and a computational study. As a separate part of our programme, the development of a new class of stronger Brønsted acids, chiral benzenesulphonic acids, is described. The optimisation of the synthetic routes as well as the synthesis of a library of acids is presented and their assessment in precedented reactions is discussed.