Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:00:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3480.pdf: 4315244 bytes, checksum: 3cbadf0c6e9c268b6e96ad334bb28109 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-18 / This dissertation initiates with a brief historical revision of Brazilian industrialization process from the end of nineteenth century on. The industrialization process, and consequence rural exodus, produced several transformations in the society, amongst them, the emergence of the so-called workers' villages with purpose of providing accommodation to the workforce and, besides that, keep them close to the industrial plant. It studies the initial occupation and the current situation of some workers' villages in both capital city and country side cities of the state of São Paulo. It demonstrates the changes that have occurred in the occupying public of this type of habitation, and also shows how both the modern urbanism and the sustainable urbanism concepts have been adapted to the new villages. In the beginning, these villages were destined to the workers' class. With elapsing of the years, they became object of search of the middle classes and average-high class. They have realized how practical is to live in these small nuclei, in downtown or near to the urban center zone, with the convenience and individuality of a house, allied to the privacy and security that this type of residential arrangement offers. That combined has increased the value of this type of housing and has stimulated the real estate market to invest in new nuclei. / Esse trabalho inicia-se com uma breve revisão histórica da industrialização no Brasil a partir do final do século XIX. Esse processo de crescente industrialização e êxodo rural teve vários reflexos na sociedade, dentre eles, o surgimento das vilas operárias com o intuito de prover os operários com moradia além de mante-los próximos ao local de trabalho. Apresenta-se uma abordagem da situação e ocupação de algumas vilas operárias na capital de São Paulo e em algumas cidades do interior do estado, demonstrando a mudança ocorrida no público ocupante desse tipo de habitação, mostrando também a forma como os conceitos de urbanismo moderno têm sido adaptados aos novos conjuntos residenciais assim como os conceitos de urbanismo sustentável. A princípio, essas vilas eram destinadas às classes operárias, com o decorrer dos anos, tornou-se objeto de procura das classes média e média alta que perceberam nesses pequenos núcleos, a praticidade de se morar no centro ou próximo aos centros urbanos, além do conforto e individualidade das casas aliados a privacidade e segurança que esse tipo de conjunto residencial oferece, valorizando esse tipo de moradia e impulsionando o mercado imobiliário a investir nesses novos núcleos.

Esta dissertação consiste em uma análise, a partir da fenomenologia hermenêutica em seus três momentos: compreensão, interpretação e nova compreensão. Trabalhamos, nesta pesquisa, com o entendimento do fenômeno da revitalização do Bairro do Recife. Sendo assim, temos como objetivo geral estudar o processo de revitalização turística do Bairro do Recife e as consequências na ordenação espacial do mesmo. Primeiramente, a partir da compreensão das fontes secundárias e da análise das entrevistas realizadas com sujeitos que, de alguma forma, puderam nos fornecer informações para que entendêssemos as mudanças ocorridas na ordenação do bairro, mostramos o quanto estes sujeitos tiveram suas rotinas de vida impactadas com a instalação e execução do projeto. Em seguida, utilizando as mesmas fontes, identificamos o fechamento de vários equipamentos que davam suporte à atividade turística no bairro. Desta forma, identificamos a partir dos conceitos de sustentabilidade trazidos por Sachs (2002), das medidas ambientais e do SISTUR trazidos por Beni (2003), algumas falhas que julgamos terem contribuído para a decadência do projeto. / This master's thesis consists of an analysis from the hermeneutics phenomenology in its three moments: understanding, interpretation and new understanding. We worked, in this research, with the comprehension of the phenomenon of revitalization of the Recife neighborhood. The main goal is to study the process of touristic revitalization of the Recife neighborhood and the consequences on the spatial organization of it. Initially, from the understanding of the secondary sources and the analysis of the interviews conducted with subjects that, somehow, were able to give us information so that we could conceive the changes in the ordering of the neighborhood, it is shown how much the installation and execution of the project changed and impacted their habits. Then, using the same sources, we identified the shutting of several equipments that supported the touristic activity in the neighborhood. Thus, we tried to identify, from the concept of sustainability presented by Sachs (2002), the environmental measures and the SISTUR presented by Beni (2003), some flaws that we believe helped for the decay of the project.

abstract: Isolation-by-distance is a specific type of spatial genetic structure that arises when parent-offspring dispersal is limited. Many natural populations exhibit localized dispersal, and as a result, individuals that are geographically near each other will tend to have greater genetic similarity than individuals that are further apart. It is important to identify isolation-by-distance because it can impact the statistical analysis of population samples and it can help us better understand evolutionary dynamics. For this dissertation I investigated several aspects of isolation-by-distance. First, I looked at how the shape of the dispersal distribution affects the observed pattern of isolation-by-distance. If, as theory predicts, the shape of the distribution has little effect, then it would be more practical to model isolation-by-distance using a simple dispersal distribution rather than replicating the complexities of more realistic distributions. Therefore, I developed an efficient algorithm to simulate dispersal based on a simple triangular distribution, and using a simulation, I confirmed that the pattern of isolation-by-distance was similar to other more realistic distributions. Second, I developed a Bayesian method to quantify isolation-by-distance using genetic data by estimating Wright’s neighborhood size parameter. I analyzed the performance of this method using simulated data and a microsatellite data set from two populations of Maritime pine, and I found that the neighborhood size estimates had good coverage and low error. Finally, one of the major consequences of isolation-by-distance is an increase in inbreeding. Plants are often particularly susceptible to inbreeding, and as a result, they have evolved many inbreeding avoidance mechanisms. Using a simulation, I determined which mechanisms are more successful at preventing inbreeding associated with isolation-by-distance. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Molecular and Cellular Biology 2015

abstract: Adolescent substance use carries a considerable public health burden, and early initiation into use is especially problematic. Research has shown that sensation seeking traits increase risk for substance use experimentation, but less is known about individual and contextual factors that can potentially protect against this risk. This study utilized a longitudinal sub sample of youth (N=567) from a larger study of familial alcoholism to examine sensation seeking in early adolescence (ages 10-15) and its relations to later substance use experimentation. Hypotheses tested whether individual executive control, parenting consistency, neighborhood disadvantage, and neighborhood ethnic concentration moderated sensation seeking’s effects on substance use experimentation using multilevel zero-inflated Poisson modeling. Across models, higher levels of sensation seeking were predictive of a higher likelihood of having initiated substance use, but sensation seeking was not significantly related to the number of different substance use classes tried. Only neighborhood disadvantage emerged as a significant moderator of the path from sensation seeking to substance use initiation. The strength of sensation seeking effects on substance use initiation increased as neighborhood disadvantage decreased below average levels, with the most advantaged neighborhoods exhibiting the strongest link between sensation seeking and substance use. There was also a trend towards the most disadvantaged neighborhoods exhibiting increased sensation seeking effects on substance use initiation. These results highlight the importance of focusing on relatively more advantaged areas as potentially risky environments for the externalizing pathway to substance use. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Psychology 2016

Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à plusieurs méthodes pour améliorer la sécurité des réseaux sans fil ad-hoc. Ces réseaux, ainsi que la sous-famille des réseaux de capteurs sans fil, sont une des solutions les plus intéressantes pour de nombreux problèmes, comme par exemple la collecte de données dans une large zone, ou bien la création d'infrastructure de communication après une catastrophe. Ces réseaux sont par nature collaboratifs, ce qui les rend très vulnérables à d'éventuels attaquants. Pour les protéger, nous étudions la sécurité des protocoles conçus pour ces réseaux. Premièrement, nous proposons SR3 (pour Secure and Resilient Reputation-based Routing), un algorithme de routage sécurisé et résilient pour le routage convergent (tous-vers-un) dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil. SR3 route ses messages selon une mesure de réputation qui est bâtie sur des informations fiables. Ce protocole garantit la confidentialité de ses données, et l'inforgeabilité de ses paquets. Nous avons prouvé formellement ces propriétés avec deux outils de vérification : Scyther et CryptoVerif. Nous avons montré expérimentalement la résilience de SR3 quand confronté à divers scénarios d'attaque, et nous avons comparé nos résultats à plusieurs algorithmes de routage de la litérature. L'évaluation a montré que la résilience et l'équité fournies par SR3 sont meilleures que celles des autres protocoles, et cette distinction est accentuée si le réseau est peu dense. De plus, et contrairement aux autres protocoles, SR3 est capable de s'auto-adapter aux changements de comportement des attaquants afin d'assurer une qualité de service satisfaisante. Les analyses de la sécurité des protocoles de routage reposent presque toujourssur des simulations, qui évaluent la capacité du protocole à délivrer ses messages aux bons noeuds. Il existe plusieurs définitions différentes pour concevoir la sécurité du routage, mais à notre connaissance, elles considèrent seulement les protocoles de source routing, où les routes sont déterminées avant que le message ne soit envoyé. Nous proposons la notion de corruptibilité, une définition calculatoire et quantitative pour la sécurité du routage basée sur la capacité d'un attaquant à altérer les routes empruntées par un message. Nous illustrons ensuite ces définitions par plusieurs analyses de protocoles. Enfin, nous étudions les systèmes de détection d'intrusions (IDS) pour réseaux sans fil ad-hoc, et plus spécifiquement les sources de données utilisées pour leurs mécanismes de décision. Nous classifions celles-ci en fonction du niveau de coopération qu'elles requièrent, et en fonction de l'origine de leurs données. Nous proposons ensuite InDICE, un outil d'aide à la décision qui étant donné un IDS, permet de découvrir automatiquement quelles attaques seront indétectables par les sources de données qu'utilise cet IDS. Enfin, nous utilisons cet outil pour découvrir deux vulnérabilités dans des IDS de la littérature. / In this document, we focus on ways of increasing the security of wireless ad-hoc networks. These networks, and more specifically wireless sensor networks, look increasingly like the right answer to a lot of problem, such as data collection over a large area, or providing emergency network infrastructure after a disaster. They are also inherently exposed to malicious intents due to their collaborative nature. In order to protect them, we focus on the security aspects of the protocols built for these networks. We first propose a Secure and Resilient Reputation-based Routing protocol, called SR3. This protocol routes messages according to a reputation metric built using only trusted information. This protocol achieves data confidentiality and data packet unforgeability, which we prove formally using two verification tools: CryptoVerif and Scyther. We experimentally show the resiliency of SR3 against various attack scenarios, and we compared our results to several routing algorithms of the literature. This evaluation shows that both the resiliency and fairness accomplished by SR3 are better than for those others protocols, especially when the network is sparse. Moreover, and unlike previous solutions, if the compromised nodes behavior changes, then SR3 will self-adapt in order to ensure an acceptable quality of service. Analyses of routing protocols security are nearly always supported by simulations, which often evaluate the ability to deliver messages to a given destination. Several competing definitions for secure routing exist, but to our knowledge, they only address source routing protocols. We propose the notion of incorruptibility, a quantitative computational definition for routing security based on the attacker's ability to alter the routes used by messages. These definitions are then illustrated with several routing algorithms. Finally, we study Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) for WANET, and more specifically their inputs. These systems provide a supplementary layer of defenses for WANETs, and they are able to easily detect attacks who are complicated for the network protocols. We classify the different inputs used by the decision process of these IDS, according to their level of required cooperation, and the source of their data. We then propose the InDICE tool, a decision aid which, given an IDS, allows automated discovery of undetectable attacks according to the inputs used by that IDS. In the end, we apply our framework to discover weaknesses in two existing IDS.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-04-05T11:49:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3173484 bytes, checksum: 0c228e695de7e6a606f31da8ed213e53 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-05T11:49:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3173484 bytes, checksum: 0c228e695de7e6a606f31da8ed213e53 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-06 / This work looks for one construction of Roger’s Neighborhood History in João Pessoa city from official and bibliography sources and memory reports of the dwellers and ex-dwellers. We used as methodology the storytelling in order to identify continuities and disruptions that the neighborhood suffered during the time. We approached in a first moment from the literature review intertwined between the local history and the micro-history, in transit with others concepts of memory, identity and citizenship, the trajectory of occupation of a central space localized in the north zone. The local that is situated the neighborhood was stage for the initial development of the city, entering in the local characteristics of Roger’s Neighborhood through testimonials, bibliographies and official documents found at the Metropolitan Curia. We proposed to reflect on bucolic view of the neighborhood due to the specific elements as the “Lixão” (garbage dump) and the penitentiary that collaborated with the negative view disseminated by the press and appropriated by the non-dwellers, individuals that do not have experience in the neighborhood. In the last chapter, we deal about the Teaching of Local History from a reflection on the space that this approach occupy nowadays. We analyzed the ongoing legislation and the reports about the Teaching of Local History from teachers of history of the three public schools of Roger’s Neighborhood. We elaborated, in the end, a source guide that brings productions about the neighborhood and the João Pessoa city in the form of consultancy material and support for teachers, students and those that want to know more about Roger’s Neiborhood. / Este trabalho visa à construção de uma História do Bairro do Roger na cidade de João Pessoa a partir de fontes oficiais, bibliográficas e relatos de memória de moradores e ex-moradores. Utilizamos, enquanto metodologia, a História Oral a fim de identificarmos continuidades e rupturas que o bairro sofreu ao longo do tempo. Abordamos num primeiro momento, a partir de uma fundamentação teórica entrelaçada entre a História Local e a Micro-História, em trânsito com outros conceitos como memória, identidade, cidadania, a trajetória de ocupação do espaço central da cidade, localizado na zona norte, local em que se situa o bairro e que foi palco para o desenvolvimento inicial da cidade. Refletiremos sobre a formação de uma visão bucólica do bairro devido aos elementos pontuais como o Lixão e o Presídio, que colaboram com a imagem negativa disseminada pela impressa e apropriada pelos não moradores, indivíduos que não estabelecem vivências no bairro. Mapeamos os lugares de memória e outros elementos que delimitam o sentimento de pertencimento e a dicotomia espacial e social existente no bairro. No último capítulo, tratamos sobre o Ensino de História Local a partir de uma reflexão sobre o espaço que esta abordagem ocupa nos dias de hoje. Analisamos a legislação vigente e os relatos sobre o Ensino de História Local dos professores de história das três escolas públicas do Bairro do Roger. Elaboramos, ao final, um guia de fontes que traz produções sobre o bairro e a cidade de João Pessoa em forma de material de consulta e apoio para professores e alunos e aqueles que desejarem conhecer mais sobre o Bairro do Roger.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta pesquisa é fundamentada e metodologicamente construída objetivando descrever e analisar o que e como é o Programa Bairro-Escola de Nova Iguaçu, implementado como política educacional, em 2006, para organização curricular da Rede Municipal de Ensino. O foco deste estudo qualitativo está centrado na identificação das principais diretrizes e características produzidas por essa política curricular no/para o desenvolvimento da gestão democrática e na melhoria da prática educativa. Para tanto, a metodologia utilizada para a elaboração deste trabalho foi a abordagem qualitativa, a investigação teórica de eixos temáticos e o estudo de caso do significado do Programa Bairro-Escola para os sujeitos que o vivenciam em Nova Iguaçu, abordando especificamente quais são as principais características que o Programa tem produzido, até então, na gestão macro e micro educacional, na prática educativa e na relação entre ambas as práticas, sob a ótica dos sujeitos que o vivenciam no seu cotidiano de desenvolvimento. Para tanto, este estudo de caso de cunho descritivo-analítico utilizou como campo de investigação duas escolas municipais (situadas em bairros geograficamente distantes) como amostragem e a Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Nova Iguaçu para a obtenção, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas (realizadas no segundo semestre de 2011), de informações que "respondessem" aos objetivos desta pesquisa. No entanto, os sujeitos escolhidos para serem entrevistados foram: (um) representante da Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Nova Iguaçu, (dois) diretores, (dois) coordenadores, (dois) orientadores, (dois) professores, (dois) estagiários, (dois) agentes comunitários, (dois) pais de alunos e (dois) alunos, os quais relataram nas entrevistas que o Programa Bairro-Escola iguaçuano, apesar de ser uma política educacional ainda recente, tem contribuído para a melhoria da prática educativa, na medida em que as oportunidades educativas foram ampliadas com a implantação do Horário Integral através das oficinas fixas de aprendizagem, esporte, cultura, informática, entre outras experiências socioeducativas desenvolvidas no âmbito escolar ou em ambientes parceiros nas comunidades do entorno das escolas. E na gestão educacional através da conquista da implementação do conselho escolar, o qual tem possibilitado uma gestão mais participativa e mais autônoma nas escolas. Mas expuseram também que, para um "melhor rendimento", o Bairro-Escola, aqui, ainda carece de variados recursos infraestruturais (recursos de natureza física, humana ou pedagógica) e de mais estratégias que dinamizem a gestão mais participativa, o envolvimento comunitário e o reconhecimento do Programa. / This research is based and methodologically constructed aiming to describe and analyze what and how is the Neighborhood Program, School of New Iguaçu, implemented as educational policy, in 2006, to curriculum organization of municipal schools. The focus of this qualitative study is focused on identifying the main characteristics and guidelines produced by this policy in curriculum / development of democratic management and improvement of educational practice. For this purpose, the methodology used for the preparation of this work was the qualitative approach, the theoretical investigation of themes and case study of the meaning of the Neighborhood Program School for the guys who live in New Iguaçu, specifically addressing what are the main features that the program has produced so far in the macro and micro management of education in educational practice and the relationship between both practices, from the perspective of individuals who experience it in their daily development. Therefore, this case study used a descriptive-analytical research as a field of two public schools (located in geographically distant neighborhoods) as sampling and the Municipal Education New Iguaçu to obtain through structured interviews (conducted in the second half of 2011), information that "answer" to the objectives of this research. However, the subjects chosen for interview were: (a) representative of the City Department of Education New Iguaçu, (two) directors, (two) coordinators (two) mentors (two) teachers (two) interns, (two) community agents (two) and parents of students (two) students, who reported in interviews that the program iguaçuano School District, despite being a relatively new educational policy, has contributed to the improvement of educational practice, as where educational opportunities were expanded with the implementation of Full-time fixed through learning workshops, sports, culture, information technology, among other social and educational experiences developed within school environments or partners in the communities surrounding the schools. And in educational administration through the conquest of the implementation of the school board, which has enabled a more participatory and more autonomous schools. But it also exposed to a "better performance", the Neighborhood School, here, still lacks several infrastructural resources (resources of a physical nature, human or teaching) and more strategies that streamline the management more participatory, community involvement and Recognition Program.

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / A Freguesia de Jacarepaguá, do Rio de Janeiro, nos últimos cinco anos recebeu mais de 80 lançamentos. Juntamente com a Barra da Tijuca, vem sendo um dos principais alvos do mercado imobiliário carioca, correspondendo a 95% das construções da cidade. Tornou-se bairro na década de 1980. Nas últimas décadas, tem sido foco de expansão urbana. Foi escolhida como espaço privilegiado para a análise das construções e práticas discursivas do mercado imobiliário. O objetivo foi entender o processo de comercialização e lançamento das habitações. Anúncios e materiais de propaganda de 52 empreendimentos permitiram identificar 21 grupos de discursos, ancorados em enunciados e imagens do verde, de famílias felizes e inúmeros itens de lazer que se constituíram em objetos de análise. Novos conceitos e produtos habitacionais são postos no mercado com o uso de inúmeras táticas e estratégias, embasadas no imaginário carioca do verde local e no ideário da casa própria. O marketing dos discursos é utilizado como produtor de sentido sobre o consumidor, sujeito urbano hipermoderno, desejoso de segurança, maior qualidade de vida, sustentabilidade, novos luxos e facilidades a sua disposição. O discurso sedutor é voltado para uma sociedade de consumo, onde inovações mercadológicas, crescentes facilidades financeiras e de crédito fomentam e retroalimentam o desejo e o sonho da casa própria. O crescente número de unidades lançadas estimula a concorrência, assume o posto de investimento lucrativo e fomenta a lógica de uma economia neoliberal. Paradoxalmente, destrói a casa-oïkos planetária. A nova habitação ganha itens ecoeficientes, certificações ecológicas e itens de entretenimento, serviços e lazer que extrapolam as necessidades básicas de abrigo e proteção para atingir o encantamento e o novo status do público alvo: o consumidor da classe média. Surgem novos conceitos de moradia, spas, clubes e boutiques. O mundo urbano é transportado para dentro dos muros. O espaço da habitação ganha inúmeros atributos de distinção e consumo. Desta forma, o produto habitação assume definitivamente a categoria de bem de consumo. / For the last five years, the district of Jacarepaguá, in Rio de Janeiro, has been the scenery of more than 80 new housing developments. Just like Barra da Tijuca, the area is one of the main targets of the carioca real state market, corresponding to 95% of all constructions in town. The district is a residential area since the 1980s. From then on, it has become a center of urban spreading. The area was chosen as a privileged space for the analysis of construction works and discursive practices in the real state market. The goal was to understand the process of housing trade and strategies to launch new residential complexes. Flyers and others promotional materials of 52 construction enterprises allowed the identification of 21 discourse groups, based on expressions and images of green areas, happy families and a number of leisure items which constitute objects of analysis. New residential concepts and products appeared in the market following a number of methods and strategies based on the carioca imaginary of a local green area and the ideal of a home private property. Marketing methods in these discourses are used as producers of meanings for the consumer, a hypermodern urban individual, eager for security, better quality of life, sustainability, and new luxuries and facilities. The seductive discourse is directed to a consumption society, in which market innovations and increasing financial and credit opportunities encourage and bring up a desire and a dream of home property. The increasing number of newly launched units fosters competition, defines real state as a profitable investment and encourages the logic of a neoliberal economy. Paradoxically, it destroys the planetary home-oïkos. The new residence is provided with eco-efficient items and ecological certificates, as well as items for entertainment, services and leisure which go beyond the basic needs of shelter and protection, so as to reach the enchantment and the new status of its target public: the middle class consumer. New concepts of housing, spas and clubs have appeared. The urban world is transferred to a space within walls. Housing is provided with a number of attributes of distinction and consumption. In this way, housing as a product is definitively brought to the category of a final good.

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar uma experiência de formação política no curso de formação de Líderes Comunitários dentro de uma perspectiva da Educação Popular. Para a realização deste trabalho, buscou-se aprofundamento teórico em Paulo Freire, porque é um educador voltado para a emancipação e educação popular, bem como em Boaventura de Sousa Santos, que aborda as questões políticas e sociais da atualidade, além de Enrique Dussel, o qual reflete sobre a práxis libertadora. Adotando a metodologia da análise qualitativa, com ênfase na pesquisa participante, descrevem-se os conceitos e analisam-se as vivências relacionadas à temática, como forma de trabalhar a teoria, relacionando-a com a prática. Nesta perspectiva, buscou-se, junto aos antigos moradores do Bairro Lomba do Pinheiro, do município de Porto Alegre, RS, retomar a história da organização desta comunidade desde os meados do século passado. Constata-se que a comunidade sempre esteve preocupada com a sua organização política, social e comunitária. A partir de vários movimentos na comunidade, em 1992, foi criado o Conselho Popular, com Coordenação instituída pela organização dos movimentos populares do bairro A função deste Conselho é de articular todas as frentes de trabalho comunitário existentes no local. Este Conselho deu continuidade, com uma organização mais aprimorada, ao trabalho de formação das lideranças interessadas em projetos sociais. O Conselho percebeu o esvaziamento da luta popular no bairro e, diante disso, em 2015, ofereceu um curso organizado em cinco módulos, com o objetivo de ampliar a formação das lideranças locais. Foram ofertadas 70 vagas com rápido preenchimento. Ao término de dois anos, em junho de 2017, pesquisou-se, junto aos egressos deste curso, e respostas muito positivas foram obtidas em relação ao compromisso de cada participante com a comunidade na atuação em projetos sociais, em lutas populares e com a Educação Popular. Os resultados desse trabalho de formação política e educação popular são o foco central desse estudo. / This dissertation aims to analyze an experience of political formation in the training course of Community Leaders within a perspective of Popular Education. In order to carry out this work, we sought theoretical deepening in Paulo Freire, because he is an educator focused on emancipation and popular education, as well as in Boaventura de Sousa Santos, which addresses current political and social issues, as well as Enrique Dussel, which reflects on the liberating praxis. Adopting the methodology of the qualitative analysis, with emphasis on the participant research, the concepts are described and the experiences related to the thematic are analyzed, as a way of working the theory, relating it to the practice. In this perspective, the history of the organization of this community has been sought since the middle of the last century, together with the former residents of the Lomba do Pinheiro neighborhood, in the city of Porto Alegre, RS. It is noticed that the community has always been concerned with its political, social and community organization From several movements in the community, in 1992, was created the Popular Council, with Coordination instituted by the organization of the popular movements of the neighborhood. The function of this Council is to articulate all existing Community work fronts. This Council continued, with a better organization, the training work of leaders interested in social projects. The council realized the emptying of the popular struggle in the neighborhood and, by that, in 2015, offered a course organized in five modules, with the aim of expanding the formation of local leaderships. 70 vacancies were offered with fast filling. At the end of two years, in June 2017, the students of this course were interviewed, and very positive responses were obtained regarding the commitment of each participant to the community in the performance of social projects, popular struggles and Education Popular. The results of this work of political formation and popular education are the central focus of this study.

Esta tese investiga o efeito do território periférico sobre o trabalho escolar em duas escolas da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Porto Alegre. Tendo como referencial metodológico a análise relacional (APPLE, 2006) e a etnografia crítica (CARSPECKEN, 2011), foi realizada uma pesquisa de orientação etnográfica, abarcando em seus procedimentos metodológicos: observações nas escolas e entrevistas semiestruturadas com professores e equipes diretivas. O trabalho escolar realizado na periferia urbana de Porto Alegre, nos casos estudados, consiste, primeiramente, na tentativa de (trans)formar o habitus (BOURDIEU; PASSERON, 2010) dos alunos empobrecidos no habitus escolar, especialmente nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. O escasso capital cultural (BOURDIEU; PASSERON, 2010), visto através da lógica do déficit, dos estudantes que chegam aos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental, é apontado pelos docentes como empecilho para a aprendizagem dos conteúdos escolares, justificando uma prática pedagógica baseada na ética contextualista (VAN ZANTEN, 2001). Igualmente, a origem social dos estudantes adolescentes, a cultura juvenil da periferia e a sua socialização em comunidades com presença do tráfico de drogas, são apresentadas como obstáculos para os estudos. O trabalho escolar é marcado fortemente pela descontinuidade. As representações sociais dos professores sobre seus alunos combinam, simultaneamente, a compreensão sobre a população empobrecida enquanto vítima e culpada de sua situação. Entretanto, indiferentemente dessa visão, os alunos e suas comunidades são apresentados pelos docentes como deficitários de um trabalho escolar que atenda suas especificidades. Outro aspecto destacado no trabalho escolar nas periferias urbanas, como uma “presença ausente” (APPLE, 2003), são as discussões sobre raça/etnia. Outrossim, o senso comum escolar está carregado do mito da omissão parental e da recusa em assumir responsabilidades pela educação dos estudantes no que os docentes chamam de transferência para a escola de um trabalho que deveria ser familiar. O senso comum escolar contém também uma forte tendência a generalizar as situações de famílias que vivem em condições de extrema dificuldade, característica de determinadas configurações familiares (LAHIRE, 2008), para descreverem o conjunto das famílias que a escola atende, ignorando sua heterogeneidade. O processo de desescolarização da escola e gestão da pobreza (ALGEBAILE, 2004; PEREGRINO, 2006), juntamente com o efeito do território sobre a organização escolar, sobre o senso comum escolar e sobre as propostas pedagógicas institucionais, configuram o trabalho escolar nas instituições de ensino que compõem esse estudo. O efeito do território periférico nas duas escolas da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Porto Alegre, sem o respaldo de uma proposta pedagógica com pressupostos densos sobre as relações entre educação e pobreza, parece estar apontando para a centralidade da gestão da pobreza no trabalho escolar, reconfigurando, cada vez mais, essas escolas municipais como “escolas pobres para os pobres”. / This dissertation investigates the peripheral neighborhood effect on the school work in schools from Porto Alegre’s Municipal Education Department. Using as methodology the relational analysis (APPLE, 2006) and the critical ethnography, (CARSPECKEN, 2011), a research of ethnographic orientation was made, using as methodological procedures: observations on schools and semi-structured interviews with teachers and the administrative staff. The school work on the urban periphery of Porto Alegre, in the case studies, consists, primarily, on the try of changing/creating the habitus (BORDIEU; PASSERON, 2010) of the impoverished students in the school habitus, especially on the first years of Elementary School. The scarce cultural capital (BOURDIEU; PASSERON, 2010), seen through the deficit logic, of the students who reached the last years of the Elementary School, is indicated by the teachers as an obstacle to learning the school contents, justifying a pedagogical practice based on the contextualized ethic (VAN ZANTEN, 2001). In the same way, the social origin of the teenage students, the juvenile culture from the periphery and the socialization in communities with the presence of drug traffic, are presented as obstacles to the study. The school work is strongly marked by a lack of continuity. The social representation of the teachers over their students combine, simultaneously, the understanding of the impoverished population as victims and guilty of their own situation. However, indifferently to this view, the students and their communities are presented by their teachers as lacking a school work that answers to the specificities. Another aspect highlighted in the school work on the urban peripheries, as an “absent presence” (APPLE, 2003), are the discussions about race/ethnicity. Likewise, the school common sense is charged of the omission parental myth and of the refuse of assuming responsibility for the education of the students on what the teachers call of a transfer to the school of a work that should come from the family. The school common sense also has a strong tendency to generalize the situation of families that live in conditions of extreme difficulty, characteristic of specific family configurations (LAHIRE, 2008), to describe the set of families that the school attends, ignoring the heterogeneity. The process of descholarization of the schools and the managing of the poverty (ALGEBAILE, 2004; PEREGRINO, 2006), together with the neighborhood effect on the school organization, on the school common sense and on the pedagogical institutional proposals, configure the school work on the teaching institutions that compose this study. The peripheral neighborhood effect on both schools from Porto Alegre Municipal Education Department, without the backing of a pedagogical proposal with dense assumptions on the relations between education and poverty, seems to be pointing to a centralization of the poverty management on the school work, reconfiguring, more and more, these municipal schools as “poor schools for the poor”.