abstract: This dissertation examines the factors related to the success of host country field offices established by international Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). Further, this dissertation examines NGO field office mission success in the context of working with foreign host governments and clients. This dissertation is a case of the field offices of The Nature Conservancy in South and Central America. The principal research aim is to identify the primary factors that are related to success of field offices. Success is identified as a multidimensional concept. A conceptual model for success is developed. The conceptual model derived causal factors from the literature and captured categories of variables such as: (1) managerial tactics and techniques dictated by the NGO and adopted by field office leaders; (2) the distance between cultural features of the host country and those of the country of origin of the field office manager and personnel; and, (3) characteristics of the host country government. The dissertation: (1) utilizes a working definition of NGO drawn from the scholarly literature in the field; (2) describes the role of field offices (located in host countries) in the calculus of "home office" goal achievement; (3) discusses the types of "change"--delivery of goods, delivery of services, changes in behavior, changes in norms or attitudes--that field offices may have and how they differ in the challenges they create for field office managers; and, (4) develops a conceptual definition for success. This dissertation is concerned with the factors associated with success in the international NGO's field office. A model of success predictors is tested in this work. The findings suggest that the field offices mission success may be affected by local culture but this was not an issue for the organization studied. Mission success as perceived by the field seems to be a product of organizational culture. The contribution of the research to academic literature is that this study is both an exploratory and descriptive study of how NGO mission is carried out in the field and the impacts of national and organizational culture on mission success. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Public Administration 2011

Civil organisations play a key intermediary role in the middle layer between high- level policies and individual-level outcomes in international development. By triangulating among seven Chinese HIV civil organisations with varying organisational models, I examine intermediary activity that illuminates the mechanisms by which civil organisations operate and extends theory about organisations and civil society. Development studies research can benefit from multi-level analyses of organisational processes, which provide insight into how civil organisations shape institutions and networks. My case studies show several new mechanisms that enable organisations to survive and operate in politically fraught conditions, and they offer insight into the complex interactions that allow civil organisations to operate in such contexts. First, HIV civil organisations manage associative stigma resultant from their core activities. I observe that market relationships can buffer against associative stigma transfer for organisations, with many leaders re-positioning their organisations relative to stigmatised individuals, recasting them as employees, customers, and users rather than constituents. Second, these groups use hybrid organising to better manage political risks and build partnerships through selective coupling of organisational components. Hybrid strategies can provide resilience to threats and improve resource management in institutionally plural environments. Third, HIV civil organisations engage in detached, informal, and interactive collaboration with state actors, enabling greater autonomy and innovation among civil actors and reducing risk for state actors. I trace interactions between these strategic activities at the levels of organisational activities, structures, and networks, finding that reproducing ambiguity can sustain new types of collaborations. These findings suggest a need to reconsider the role civil organisations play in society, calling attention to organisational processes that allow these actors agency in brokering flows of information and shaping formation of networks. By viewing civil organisations as intermediaries, new directions can be identified for development policy and practice.

Avec la montée en puissance de la préoccupation environnementale dans l'espace public, les ONG d'environnement sont attendues sur leur capacité à remplir leur mission. S'étant donné pour rôle d'agir en faveur de la protection des écosystèmes et de la biodiversité, elles veulent augmenter les impacts positifs de leurs actions. La problématique théorique et pratique à laquelle cette thèse s'attache à répondre se décompose dans les questions suivantes : (i) comment agissent et peuvent agir les ONGE ? (ii) Quel raisonnement stratégique peut contribuer à renforcer leurs actions environnementales ? (iii) Comment appréhender et évaluer l'efficacité pour l'environnement de ces actions qui sont bien souvent indirectes (sensibilisation, influence des décisions, etc.) par rapport aux objets écologiques visés ?Cette recherche s'inscrit dans les sciences de gestion de l'environnement et des théories des organisations, en particulier dans le champ de la stratégie, et adopte l'Analyse Stratégique de la Gestion Environnementale comme cadre théorique. L'analyse est réalisée à partir d'une démarche de recherche-intervention menée pendant 3 ans ausein d'une ONGE, la Tour du Valat, centre de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes.(i) A travers l'étude de trois cas d'actions développés par l'ONGE, nous montrons que les choix et la mise enœuvre de ces actions sont le fruit d'une articulation entre quatre registres stratégiques : la construction de l'objet écologique à conserver, le mode d'action environnementale pour intervenir dans l'espace public, ledéveloppement interne (gestion des ressources et compétences) et la position acquise et développée dans le secteur de la conservation. (ii) A partir de connaissances générées dans l'interaction avec les membres de l'ONGE, nous montrons que les actions environnementales peuvent être renforcées en respectant, au moment de leur construction (en interne de l'organisation), la démarche suivante : la clarification des objectifs écologiqueset l'explicitation de la stratégie au regard d'un diagnostic du système où il s'agit d'intervenir. (iii) Enfin nousconcluons de notre analyse des pratiques d'évaluation qu'il est possible de relier la stratégie mise en œuvre à ses résultats en termes d'efficacité environnementale et l'on propose un cadre d'évaluation permettant de retracer la chaîne de sens, depuis les objectifs écologiques jusqu'aux résultats de l'action déployée. Cette logique évaluative favorise la réflexion stratégique et l'amélioration de l'action environnementale dans ses procédures et ses résultats. / As a result of the ever growing environmental concerns and awareness among the general audience, environment NGOs now must come up to people's expectations. According to the role they appointed themselves in favor of the protection of ecosystems and biodiversity, they want to improve the positive impacts of their actions. The theoretical and practical issue to which the present PhD thesis attempts to respond can be split into the three following questions. (i) What are the actions of the NGO's and what can they really do ? (ii) What strategic reasoning can contribute to strength en their environmental actions ? (iii) What it the best way to apprehend and evaluate the ecological impacts of theses actions which are indirect most of the time (consciousness-raising campaign, lobbying, etc) ?This research lies within the scope of environmental management and theories of organizations, especially in thefield of strategy, and adopts the Strategic Analysis of Environmental management as a theoretical framework.The analysis is based on a 3-year work-research process carried out within la Tour du Valat, an ENGO and research centre for the conservation of mediterranean wetlands.(i) Through three case studies developed by this ENGO, we show that the choices and the implementation ofthese actions are the result of the articulation of four strategic registers : the construction of the ecological object to conserve, the internal development (resources and competences management) as well as the position acquired and developed in the preservation sector. (ii) Based on the data generated by an interaction with the workers ofthe ENGO, we show case how the original design and planning of the environmental actions could be improved by following a process of clarification of the ecological objectives and better explanation of the strategy regarding the diagnostic of the socio ecosystem concerned. (iii) As a conclusion of our evaluation process, we illustrate thatit is possible to link an implemented strategy to its ecological impacts within an evaluation framework whichenables to follow the thinking process, from the ecological objectives onto the results of the deployed action.This evaluative logical thinking nurtures strategic thinking as well as procedural improvements of environmentalactions.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / From the 90, the State began to decline public services to be executed by civil associations often tucked the notion of Third Sector . In the context of rural development and, more specifically, land reform in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Incra has hired NGOs to provide technical assistance to settlers and the repercussions of this neu configuration, to the political project of these organizations is not know. This research addresses the issue by performing a contrast of the possibilities of civil society in social critique and change, identified by literature review, with the trajectory of performance of a rural NGO advisory, the Centre for Alternative Technology Popular (Cetap), non-governmental organization created in 1986, with headquarters in Passo Fundo, RS. The case was deal with Cetap qualitative approach, resorting to the literature search, consultation documents, analysis of legislation and conducting semi-structured interviews. The original Cetap s mission stimulate small farms through social organization, encouraging the production so that your organization will guarantee the sustainability and identified themselves and we identified three phases in its history: pre-institucionalization, acting as a center for research, training, demonstration and how NGOs socioambiental and comparative phases shows that networks and parthnerships area shown as essential to defining their lines of action. In its path were marked with the approximations Church, social movements, Network Future Earth and State. The acting in contract began in 2009 to provide services for Ates, Incra and is developed in tandem with other lines of work. The acting in the Ates is seen as converging with the political project of the organization but implies relative loss of autonomy in planning actions. There is a recognition that organizational sustainability implies the need for constant review of its guidelines and that experiences a moment where such revisions are timely. / A partir da década de 90, o Estado passou a declinar serviços públicos não exclusivos para serem executados pelo associativismo civil muitas vezes abrigado sob a noção de Terceiro Setor . No âmbito do desenvolvimento rural e, mais especificamente, da reforma agrária, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, o Incra vem contratando Organizações Não Governamentais (ONGs) para a prestação de serviços de assistência técnica para assentados, e a repercussão dessa nova configuração para o projeto político dessas organizações não é conhecida. Essa pesquisa aborda essa questão realizando uma contraposição das possibilidades da sociedade civil na crítica e mudança social, identificadas por revisão bibliográfica, com a trajetória de atuação de uma ONG de assessoria rural, o Centro de Tecnologias Alternativas Populares (Cetap), organização não governamental criada em 1986, com sede em Passo Fundo, RS. O caso do Cetap foi abordado com enfoque qualitativo, recorrendo-se à pesquisa bibliográfica, consulta de documentos, análise de legislação e realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas. O Cetap tem como missão, no projeto original, estimular o pequeno agricultor, através da organização social e do incentivo à produção, de modo que sua organização lhe garantisse a sustentabilidade. Identificaram-se três fases em sua trajetória: pré-institucionalização, atuação como centro de pesquisa, experimentação, formação e demonstração e como ONG socioambiental. O comparativo entre as fases evidencia que as redes e parcerias mostram-se como essenciais à definição de suas linhas de atuação. Em sua trajetória, foram marcantes as aproximações com Igreja, movimentos sociais, Rede Terra do Futuro e Estado. A atuação em contratualização iniciou em 2009, para prestação de serviços de Ates para Incra e é desenvolvida em concomitância com outras linhas de atuação. A atuação na Ates é percebida como convergente com o projeto político da organização, mas implica relativa perda de autonomia no planejamento das ações. Há um reconhecimento de que a sustentabilidade organizacional implica necessidade de permanente revisão de suas orientações e que se vivencia um momento onde essas revisões são oportunas.

Cette recherche analyse la médiation dans la résolution des conflits internationaux, à partir de deux interventions médiatives de Martti Ahtisaari, au milieu des années 2000. Cet ancien secrétaire général-adjoint des Nations unies, ancien président finlandais, prix Nobel de la paix 2008, se voit comme l'homme du centre et non l'homme du milieu. Il se perçoit intimement comme l'homme-de de la paix, son véritable co-décideur. Cette étude dévoile sa coulisse médiative selon une approche empruntée à E. Goffman. Ce travail s'appuie sur une trentaine d'entretiens, réalisées avec des personnalités impliqués dans le deux médiations. Notre approche donne la parole aux «adversaires médiatifs» du célèbre finlandais sous-représentés dans la littérature disponible, à l'instar de l'expert australien Damien Kingsbury. Nous avons aussi mobilisé des images animées ou fixes ; certaines sont inédites. La thèse examine les rapports entre médiation et négociation, via le rôle de divers acteurs internationaux, comme le ONG, l'UE, les États-Unis et l'ONU. / This research analyzes mediation in the resolution of international conflicts, based on two mediation processes run by Martti Ahtisaari in the mid of 2000s. This former Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations, former Finnish President, Nobel Peace Prize 2008 sees himself as the center man and not the middle man. Equally, he is convinced that he is the key man of peace and remains its true co-decision-maker. This study reveals its mediation slide based on an approach borrowed from E. Goffman. This work is based on some thirty interviews, made with personalities involved in bath mediation processes. Our approach also gives voice to the famous "Finnish mediative opponents", who are underrepresented in the available literature, such as the Australian expert Damien Kingsbury. We also mobilized moving or fixed images; some of which are unpublished. The thesis examines the relationship between mediation and negotiation, throughout the role of various international actors such as NGOs, the EU, the United States and the UN.

This thesis is concerned with processes of decontextualization and recontextualization of non-governmental organizations in discourse of news and public affairs of Czech television. Due to the so called european migrant crisis and other domestic or foreign events, which have recently taken dominant place in TV news, critique of Czech television's broadcasting has increased significantly. Mostly it's aimed towards supposed bias, unbalanced reporting, tendentious way of approaching guests and favoritism of certain NGOs, just to name a few. Thesis is divided into three parts, gradually presenting theoretical framework including some related terms (intertextuality, dialogism, media bias etc.), methodological approach and practical elaboration of analysis. The method used is critical discourse analysis, loosely based on Fairclough's threedimensional model of CDA. Main goal of the analysis is to find out whether there are aspects of implicit ideologies or media bias in examined utterance.

Les ONG font partie intégrante du paysage médiatique, dans le cadre duquel elles cherchent souvent à se présenter comme les artisans d'une meilleure prise en compte des aspirations des populations. Mais qu'en est-il réellement, notamment au niveau international ? Pour répondre à cette question, nous nous sommes intéressés à la façon dont les ONG tentent de faire connaître leurs points de vue aux Organisations Intergouvernementales (OIG), et de les inciter à adopter des résolutions allant dans le sens de leurs convictions, pour les plus puissantes et les mieux introduites d'entre elles. Nous avons confronté les résultats obtenus en matière d'influence aux principes développés par les démocrates délibératifs qui voient en elles les instruments de l'idéal délibératif en raison de leur aptitude à communiquer et à travailler en réseaux. D'un point de vue méthodologique, nous nous sommes appuyés sur l'analyse des réseaux de politique publique afin de préciser les ONG qui s'appuient sur le même socle de principes et de convictions et qui travaillent ensemble de façon suffisamment régulière pour que l'on puisse parler de stratégie commune. Afin de compléter cette analyse, nous avons réalisé une trentaine d'entretiens semi-directifs et dépouillé 300 communiqués de presse. Pour chacune des Organisations que nous avons étudiées (OMC, OMS, OMPI), nous avons tenté de préciser dans quelles circonstances et dans quel contexte les ONG sont parvenues à exercer une influence qui s'est traduite par une institutionnalisation de leurs idées. Nous arrivons à la conclusion que les ONG influentes empruntent bien davantage aux groupes d'intérêt et à la conception pluraliste de la démocratie qu'aux idéaux délibératifs. Ce faisant, elles contribuent à améliorer la transparence des décisions internationales et parviennent dans certains cas à modifier l'agenda politique. A un niveau plus général, cette étude permet de revenir sur l'activité de plaidoyer des ONG internationales et de montrer à quel point les opportunités qui s'offrent à elles diffèrent d'un forum à l'autre. / NGOS are willing to present themselves as key actors whose involvement in the decision making process would ensure consideration of populations' expectations. We wondered if they pushed their ideas in international fora accordingly with the principles developed by deliberative democrats, some of whom present NGOs as the mainspring of deliberation at a large scale. To answer this question, we studied the way NGOs (at least the most powerful among them) push their ideas towards international organizations in order to influence their resolutions. Methodologically speaking, we focused on public policy network analysis to be able to identify a group of principle-based NGOs following a common strategy. To complete this analysis, we realized 30 semi-directive interviews and studied 300 press releases. For each of the three organizations we analysed (WTO, WHO, WIPO), we tried to specify the context and the circumstances in which NGOs' activities leaded to an institutionalization of their ideas. We concluded that influential NGOs behave more as interest group and pluralist democrats than as deliberative ones. They contribute to implement international decision making's transparency. In certain cases, they are also able to shape political agendas. At a more general level, this study points out INGOs' advocacy activities and shows the differences in IGOs'openess towards private actors.

This research aims to show the organizational changes and forms of social intervention that have been assumed by NGOs that were founded in Peru between the 60s and 80s. Since 1990 these NGOs have undergone a series of changes, mainly these have been given in the development discourses that guide their projects, in the type of relations that they establish with key actors to execute them and in the way to finance their operation. It will be noted that in the field of international and local development the rules of the game for NGOs are modified: the central State and the business sector acquire a greater presence in the promotion of development projects / There is a greater orientation to the market and selling services based on efficient management / And there is a context of reduction of funds coming from international cooperation agencies. This will generate the emergence of strategic roles as a way to respond to these changes in the institutional environment. It will be noted that, although strategies have been modified and new approaches are used - linked to human development, gender, environment, governance, among others - the meaning of NGOs’ foundational social action remain in force: working with vulnerable and excluded populations. / Esta investigación pretende mostrar los cambios organizacionales y las formas de intervención social que han venido asumiendo las ONG fundadas en el Perú entre las décadas de 1960 y 1980. A partir de 1990, estas ONG han sufrido una serie de cambios, principalmente en los discursos de desarrollo que orientan sus proyectos, en el tipo de relaciones que establecen con actores claves para ejecutarlos y en la manera de financiar su funcionamiento. Se observará que en el ámbito del desarrollo internacional y local se modifican las reglas del juego para las ONG: el Estado central y el sector empresarial incrementan su presencia en la promoción de proyectos de desarrollo / hay una mayor orientación al mercado y a la venta de servicios basados en una gestión eficiente / en un contexto de reducción de fondos provenientes de agencias de cooperación internacional. Esto generará el surgimiento de roles estratégicos como una manera de responder a estos cambios en el entorno institucional. Se notará que, si bien las estrategias se han modificado y utilizan nuevos enfoques —ligados al desarrollo humano, el género, medio ambiente, gobernabilidad, entre otros—, el sentido y significado de la acción social fundacional de las ONG se mantienen vigentes: el trabajo con poblaciones vulnerables y excluidas.

India and many other developing countries confront serious problems of declining water tables. In India there is no real water shortage, but ineffective use of surface water leads to freshwater run-off. By building dams and irrigation water systems the Indian government has been trying to find a more effective use of surface water and thereby increase the agricultural productivity. But mismanagement of irrigation systems by local governments called for alternative management techniques, and during the last decades the central Indian government has been trying to decentralise management and governance of irrigation water to local water users. This Minor Field Study (MFS) focuses on a local implementation of Participatory Irrigation Management in the Indian state Madhya Pradesh. The aim of the thesis is to analyse the way the local government handles the decentralisation of irrigation water management, by identify and illuminate communication channels. The thesis is built on the basic idea that functioning environmental communication is the key to reach a functioning decentralised and sustainable water management. Interviews with local government officials, citizens of a local village, and staff from a locally involved NGO within a case study constitute most of the empirical data. Theories of decentralisation of natural resource management, community participation, communication, and NGO cooperation are presented. With starting point in the empirical material and the presented theories has way the local government handles the decentralisation process, and the role of the locally involved NGO, been analysed. The study shows shortcomings in: education of stakeholders, communication training among government officials, trust in the capability of local water users, and communication between stakeholders. The study also enlighten the government officials fear of losing political power, the NGOs role as communication channel, and the formation of locally rooted organisations.

Dissertação (mestrado)-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Ambiental, Instituto de Educação, 2010. / Submitted by Luize Santos (lui_rg@hotmail.com) on 2012-07-03T16:25:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CLAUDIA ADRIANA ROCHA TEIXEIRA.pdf: 65899322 bytes, checksum: 2607106d702ad1a188de5b6b39a368b0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Bruna Vieira(bruninha_vieira@ibest.com.br) on 2012-07-03T23:32:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CLAUDIA ADRIANA ROCHA TEIXEIRA.pdf: 65899322 bytes, checksum: 2607106d702ad1a188de5b6b39a368b0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-07-03T23:32:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CLAUDIA ADRIANA ROCHA TEIXEIRA.pdf: 65899322 bytes, checksum: 2607106d702ad1a188de5b6b39a368b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar os projetos de formação e capacitação que a ONG Casa Ambiental oferece aos seus freqüentadores para verificar em que medida se desenvolvem práticas orientadas a sustentabilidade local e a educação ambiental. E como objetivos específicos: a) Investigar o cenário onde se insere as organizações nãogovernamentais ambientalistas; b) Verificar como um processo não-formal de Educação Ambiental pode proporcionar a integração da comunidade local com a ONG Casa Ambiental e o seu modo de vida, por meio da organização do trabalho alternativo; e c) Apresentar o contexto das políticas públicas ambientais no Uruguai para entender os desdobramentos dos conceitos de meio ambiente, desenvolvimento sustentável e educação ambiental. O modelo teórico metodológico de referência a essa pesquisa foi o da abordagem qualitativa através da etnografia, sendo que os materiais foram obtidos através de diversos instrumentos de coleta, tais como: revisão bibliográfica, análise de documentos, observação participante, diário de campo e entrevistas semi-estruturada. O estudo foi realizado na Cidade de Castilhos – Uruguai junto a ONG Casa Ambiental. Foram entrevistados 4 pesquisadores e técnicos ambientalistas e 3 produtores de alimentos, ou seja, sujeitos que participam dos projetos de formação e capacitação que a Casa Ambiental desenvolve. Os resultados indicam que a ONG Casa Ambiental atua a mais de 10 anos nas áreas de pesquisa, conservação dos recursos naturais, desenvolvimento sustentável e educação ambiental, em diferentes ecossistemas no Uruguai. Suas atividades estão destinadas aos setores mais pobres do Departamento de Rocha, mais exatamente da cidade de Castilhos e seus arredores, promovendo a possibilidade da sustentabilidade local a partir do uso sustentável dos recursos naturais.Desse modo, viabiliza-se a melhoria da qualidade de vida dessa comunidade, pois envolve a formação, capacitação e organização dos grupos. Os resultados indicam também que para a Casa Ambiental, a prática da educação ambiental está intensamente ligada à sustentabilidade da comunidade local, juntamente com a conservação do ambiente e seus recursos naturais. Assim, conclui-se que como um processo de educação ambiental não-formal pode proporcionar a integração da comunidade local com uma ONG e o seu modo de vida através da organização do trabalho alternativo. / This study aimed to analyze the projects for training the NGO Environmental Home offers its patrons to check to what extent practices geared to develop local sustainability and environmental education. The specific objectives are: a) investigate the scene where he falls in the non-governmental environmental groups, b) investigate how a non-formal environmental education can provide the integration of the local community with the Home Environmental NGOs and their way of life, through the organization of alternative work, and c) present the context of environmental public policies in Uruguay to understand the ramifications of the concepts of environment, sustainable development and environmental education. The theoretical model and methodological reference to this research was the qualitative approach of ethnography, and the materials were obtained through various data collection instruments, such as literature review, document analysis, participant observation, field diary and interviews semi-structured. The study was conducted in the City of Castilhos - Uruguay to the Home Environmental NGOs. We interviewed four researchers and environmental specialists and three food producers, ie, subjects who participate in training and capacity building projects that the Home Environmental develops. The results indicate that the Home Environmental NGO operates more than 10 years in research, conservation of natural resources, sustainable development and environmental education in different ecosystems in Uruguay. Its activities are aimed at the poorest sectors of the Department of Rocha, more precisely the city of Castilhos and its surroundings, promoting the possibility of local sustainability from sustainable use of natural resources. Thus, it allows to improve the quality of life of this community because it involves the formation, training and organization of the groups. The results also indicate that for the Home Environment, the practice of environmental education is strongly linked to the sustainability of the local community, together with the conservation of environment and natural resources. Thus,we conclude that as a process of non-formal environmental education can provide the integration of the local community with an NGO and their way of life through the organization of alternative work.