Esta pesquisa descreve combinatórias textuais em torno de compostos nominais em língua alemã através da exploração dos corpora do banco de dados de coocorrências do Projeto Cosmas (Corpus Search, Management and Analysis System), do Institut für Deutsche Sprache (IDS) da Universidade de Mannheim. O estudo se divide em dois momentos. O primeiro momento compreende a busca, em corpora, de compostos nominais provenientes de textos médicos e jurídicos. A partir do levantamento de segmentos coocorrentes, são priorizados os elementos verbais. Os verbos, então, são tomados como palavras de busca para o levantamento de novas composições nominais vinculadas às áreas de conhecimento escolhidas. A observação das formas verbais leva a uma categorização quanto aos modos de ação ligados aos prefixos dos verbos, permitindo relacionar padrões de combinatórias e gêneros textuais. Este estudo de doutoramento se ocupa, assim, do reconhecimento e da categorização de fraseologismos verbais, entendidos aqui como colocações formadas por compostos nominais em língua alemã e as suas respectivas formas verbais coocorrentes. Em um segundo momento deste estudo, utilizam-se os resultados da descrição e da categorização das coocorrências para o desenho e a implementação de um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem de tradução, que dispõe de uma ferramenta para extração de combinatórias. O ambiente e a ferramenta oferecem consulta online gratuita para aprendizes de tradução, permitindo uso individual ou sob tutoria de um professor em sala de aula. A pesquisa acredita na construção do conhecimento a partir de uma aprendizagem autônoma, baseada em um processo de percepção de padrões de língua e de reflexão sobre a prática tradutória, tanto por parte do aprendiz quanto do professor. / This study describes word combinations that co-occur with nominal compounds in German by exploring COSMAS (Corpus Search, Management and Analysis System), a database with a large collection of corpora from the University of Manheim. Our investigation is divided into two parts. At first we identified nominal compounds in Medical and Legal texts, and among these we selected only those containing verbs. The verbs were then taken as the search words for the identification of other nominal compounds in the same knowledge areas previously selected. Based on the observation of verbal forms we built categories for the action modes associated to verb prefixes, which allowed us to make associations between word combinations and textual genre. During this first part of our research, therefore, we focused on the identification and categorization of phraseologies, composed of collocations between nominal compounds and co-occurring verbs. In the second part of the study we introduce the development of a virtual learning environment for translation students. It features a learning environment and a tool for the search of combinations, based on the categorization and descriptions made in the first part of the thesis. The learning environment and the tool will be available for online search by translation students, both for their own use and under the supervision of their tutors. We believe in the knowledge construction through an autonomous learning, based on the process of awareness of certain patterns of language and reflection about the translation practice, both by learner and tutor.

Orientador: Maria Filomena Spatti Sândalo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T18:43:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pioli_AlexandreTunis_M.pdf: 14647464 bytes, checksum: d11052859655c3adc334ae80c8920985 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Esta dissertação tem como objetivos (i) contribuir para o maior conhecimento de aspectos da fonologia da língua Rikbaktsa e (ii) oferecer duas análises para a formação de sintagmas fonológicos nesta língua. O primeiro objetivo é atingido através de uma análise inicial da fonologia entoacional do Rikbaktsa, em que sentenças de diferentes configurações (variando em termos de posições de constituintes) são analisadas conforme o modelo da fonologia entoacional autossegmental-métrica (Pierrehumbert & Beckman 1988, entre outros). Desta análise partem as observações de nível segmental e suprassegmental que contribuem ao alcance do segundo objetivo. As evidências entoacionais sugerem que níveis prosódicos como palavra fonológica, sintagma fonológico e sintagma entoacional são razoavelmente delimitados entoacionalmente, embora seus limites não emerjam de imediato se modelos tradicionais como Nespor & Vogel (1986) e Selkirk (1995) são levados em consideração. Este trabalho oferece, então, percursos de análise no quadro teórico da Teoria da Otimalidade e de uma faceta da fonologia baseada em regras, partindo do pressuposto de que o processo analítico de um e outro modelo podem trazer insights interessantes sobre os fenômenos abordados. Tal discussão foi amplamente estimulada pela literatura recente, notadamente por Nevins & Vaux (2008). A discussão, que inevitavelmente passa por uma comparação entre os pontos-de-vista derivacional e representacional para o fenômeno em análise, encontra seu termo no argumento de que o modelo de Frampton (2008), em que aspectos de ambos se influenciam, oferece uma visão satisfatória para a formação de sintagmas fonológicos na língua, tanto com respeito a um critério conceptual, quanto empírico. / Abstract: This work aims to (i) contribute to the better knowledge of some aspects of the Rikbaktsa phonology and to (ii) offer two approaches to the phonological phrasing in this language. The first goal is fulfilled through an initial analysis of the intonational phonology of Rikbaktsa. Different syntactic configurations (varying in complexity and word order) are analyzed using the autosegmental-metric approach to intonational phonology (Pierrehumbert & Beckman 1988, inter alia). This intonational analysis results in segmental and suprasegmental observations that support the analyses of the following chapters (the second goal of this work). Intonational evidence suggest that prosodic domains such as the phonological word, the phonological phrase and the intonational phrase are delimited by intonation markers. These domains won't emerge automatically if traditional models such as Nespor & Vogel (1986) and Selkirk (1995) are used. This work offers two approaches to the phonological phrasing in this language - in both Optimality Theory and Derivational Phonology-based frameworks -, assuming that good insights can emerge in the analytic process. The discussion, mainly triggered by recent works in the phonological literature such as Nevins & Vaux (2008), also presents an informal comparison between the derivational and representational analyses. This results in the choice of the deffect-driven model by Frampton (2008) as an eligible approach to the phonological phrasing in Rikbaktsa, in which both conceptual and empirical criteria are satisfied in a good measure. / Mestrado / Linguistica / Mestre em Linguística

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-04-05T14:42:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 patriciarafaelaotoniribeiro.pdf: 2225598 bytes, checksum: 96da28570e67b420a49dc173a2049ae4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-04-24T03:49:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 patriciarafaelaotoniribeiro.pdf: 2225598 bytes, checksum: 96da28570e67b420a49dc173a2049ae4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-24T03:49:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 patriciarafaelaotoniribeiro.pdf: 2225598 bytes, checksum: 96da28570e67b420a49dc173a2049ae4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-01 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho investiga a variação linguística na concordância de número nos sintagmas nominais (SNs) e nos sintagmas verbais (SVs) entre os falantes do município de Oliveira Fortes-MG, com o objetivo de identificar o perfil sociolinguístico da comunidade. Partimos da hipótese de que o município, em função de sua sociohistória e de suas características demográficas, tem um perfil marcado pelo conservadorismo linguístico, a partir da perspectiva de que, historicamente, no português brasileiro, a variante ausência de marca explícita de número é anterior à variante presença de marca explícita de número, em virtude da polarização territorial rural/urbana do país. A pesquisa pauta-se nos pressupostos da Sociolinguística Variacionista (LABOV, 2008 [1972], 1982, 1994, 2001) e, como desdobramento, nos estudos sobre Redes Sociais (MILROY, 1980, 1987, 2004; MILROY & MILROY, 1985; BORTONI- RICARDO, 1985, 2011). Para a investigação, foram coletados dados de vinte e quatro informantes, através de entrevista sociolinguisticamente orientada, ficha social e ficha de redes. O corpus apresenta 1407 ocorrências da variável concordância de número no sintagma nominal e 810 ocorrências da variável concordância de número no sintagma verbal, dentre as quais há o predomínio da variante ausência de marca explícita de número (89,6% nos SNs e 80,6% nos SVs). Em função desse resultado, confirmou-se a hipótese inicial, uma vez que foi constatado o conservadorismo linguístico em Oliveira Fortes-MG, motivado pelas particularidades do município e pela configuração das redes sociais dos moradores. / This work surveys the linguistic variation in number agreement in noun phrases (NP) and in verbal phrases (VP) among speakers from Oliveira Fortes-MG aiming to identify the sociolinguistic profile of this community. We have assumed that this town according to its sociohistory and demographic characteristics has a profile underlined by linguistic conservativeness from the perspective that, historically, the variant absence of the explicit number mark is earlier than the variant presence of the explicit number mark in Brazilian Portuguese. This happens because of the country territorial polarization rural/urban. This research is based on the pretext of the Variationist Sociolinguistics (LABOV, 2008 [1972], 1982, 1994, 2001) and, as adevelopment, on studies about Social Networks (MILROY, 1980, 1987, 2004; MILROY & MILROY, 1985; BORTONI- RICARDO, 1985, 2011). For the current investigation, it was collected some data from twenty-four informers throughout sociolinguistics oriented interviews, social forms and social networks. The corpus shows 1,407 occurrences of number agreement variation in noun phrases and 810 occurrences of number variation in verbal phrases. It was seen that there is a predominance of the variant absence of the explicit number mark (89.6% in NPs e 80.6% in VPs). Due to this result, it was possible to reaffirm the initial hypothesis, once it was testified that the linguistic conservativeness in Oliveira Fortes-MG is motivated by particularities of the town and its inhabitant’s social networks settings.

One of the main characteristics of German technical language is the nominal style, which includes complex pre-nominal and post-nominal extended modifiers. A commonly held view is that these are less common in Swedish due to language-specific restrictions and preferences. As such, they may pose a challenge to Swedish translators. This essay examines this particular problem and focuses on the translation of four different complex extended modifiers: adjectival, participial, genitival and prepositional.The aim of this study was to determine which syntactic structures are used when these modifiers are translated into Swedish and to identify shifts using the concept “grammatical metaphor”, thereby focusing on the degree of grammatical metaphoricity. For the purposes of this study, a chapter of the technical book Neues Bauen mit Stroh in Europa by Gruber, Gruber and Sentler was translated into Swedish and then analysed with the above-mentioned aims in mind.The study showed that out of the 117 noun phrases with extended complex modifiers in the source text 21 were transposed into a less explicit, direct structure and more metaphorical language. The metaphorization was in some cases a result of simplification/omission of less dense semantic material and/or the translation into compounds. In 46 cases, the extended modifiers showed the same degree of grammatical metaphoricity as the source language expression and thus were re-metaphorized. In the remaining cases, a verbal or more explicit structure was chosen in the translation. This especially proved to be the case with pre-nominal extended adjectival and participial modifiers.

Cette thèse consiste en une description du Fang-Nzaman, langue bantoue parlée au Gabon en Afrique Centrale. Le travail présente la phonologie en commençant par l'identification des phonèmes, avec la mise en relief des paires minimales qui permettent d'opposer les phonèmes : /mb/ vs /b/ et de les classer comme unités distinctives. Le choix des oppositions qui sont présentées a été fait en fonction des éléments nécessaires à l'identification dans certaines positions. Pour les phonèmes, le lexème permet les oppositions dans les structures les plus usitées. Les phonèmes sont ainsi définis dans leur fonctionnement et dans leur classement.Les unités discrètes sont indispensables au fonctionnement de langues, mais les éléments majeurs suprasegmentaux de la prosodie que sont les tons dans le fang-nzaman le sont aussi. Ils sont répertoriés en tons ponctuels et tons modulés.L'organisation de ces unités a permis l'identification de différentes positions occupées par les catégories grammaticales ou lexicales dans le syntagme ; après la définition des éléments du système dans le cadre syntaxique, on a procédé à l'analyse des classes nominales. L'étude des catégories grammaticales permet également d'envisager la morphologie dans le cadre d'un paradigme nominal et dans un aperçu du paradigme verbal. Le paradigme nominal inventorie les indices de classe, les détermine à partir de trois critères, la forme du préfixe nominal, l'appariement des classes et les accords de classe. La langue permet aussi d'étudier le fonctionnement des indices de classe avec les pronoms dans les énoncés. / This thesis is a description of Fang-Nzaman, a Bantu language spoken in Gabon, in Central Africa. This work identifies the phonemes of Fang-Nzaman, highlighting the existence of minimal pairs opposing the phonemes /mb/ and /b/, which shows that they are distinctive units.The oppositions presented were chosen according to the representativeness of the elements necessary to identification in certain positions. For phonemes, the lexeme allows for oppositions in the most commonly used structures. Phonemes are thus defined in terms of their behaviour and their classification.Discrete units are key to the understanding of languages, but major suprasegmental elements of prosody, such as the tones of Fang-Nzaman, are also crucial. They are classified into punctual tones and contour tones.The organization of those units has made it possible to identify the various positions occupied by the grammatical or lexical categories in the syntactic unit and to define the elements of the system within a syntactic framework, prior to the analysis of noun classes.Thus, the study of grammatical categories makes it possible to analyze morphology in terms of a noun paradigm and, briefly, a verb paradigm. The noun paradigm lists the class affixes, identifying them on the basis of three criteria: form of the noun prefix, pairing and class inflection. The language also makes it possible to show how class affixes are used with pronouns in speech.

The thesis provides a quantitative survey and a detailed description of noun postmodification by single uncomplemented adjectives, i.e. cases where a modifying adjective phrase represented only by an adjective follows a head noun. The theoretical background of this thesis is based mainly on Randolph Quirk et al.'s A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language (1985). The data for empirical corpus based research have been drawn from the British National Corpus by the means of a corpus query extracting the sequence noun+adjective+verb. This query returned 6,413 concordance lines out of which, after manual assessment, the resultant sample of 4,627 examples was compiled. The data obtained were further examined and categorized, revealing that up to eleven categories are needed to account for the syntactic, semantic, pragmatic factors, and other communicative implications and lexicalized conventions that motivate the use the postnominal position.

The diploma thesis is concerned with exploring the differences between the noun phrases in written and spoken academic monologue, focussing on the length of the phrase, its internal complexity and syntactic functions. In the theoretical part of the study, the noun phrase, its constituents, structure and usage are introduced. The noun phrase is introduced as one of the means of complex condensation. The basic characteristics of written and spoken academic language are introduced as well. The practical part of the study is a detailed analysis of 210 noun phrases. The written sample is collected from selected academic articles, whereas the sample of spoken lecture is collected from the lecture database of the BASE corpus. Since the study focuses on two different forms of language, the material is analysed for each of them separately and the results are subsequently compared in the final part of each subsection. The hypothesis of the thesis is that the written sample contains noun phrases with more complex modification, whereas the spoken sample contains more simple noun phrases and more clausal modification. The hypothesis was, for the most part, confirmed.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / This research is in the area of lexicography and investigates the relationship between Shona terminology development and the culture of the language community for which the terminology is intended. It is a contextual analysis of compound nouns found in Shona terminological dictionaries. The study specifically explores how lexicographers together with health, music, language and literature specialists make use of their knowledge about Shona cultural contexts in the creation of compound nouns. Thus, this research foregrounds Shona socio-cultural contexts and meaning generation in terminology development. This study employs a quadruple conceptual framework. The four components of the framework that are utilised are the Traditional Descriptive Approach (TDA), Cognitive Approach (CG), Systemic Functional Approach (SFL), and Semiotic Remediation (SRM). TDA is used in the linguistic categorisation of Shona compound nouns. In addition, it provides the metalanguage with which to describe the constituent parts of Shona compound nouns. As TDA is mainly confined to the linguistic dimension, this research employs CG, SFL, and SRM to explore the cultural and socio-cognitive dimensions of terminology development. / South Africa

In this diploma thesis, we are focusing on the historical development of the locative case and its variety in Russian language, especially in 19th and 20th century Russian. Based on our knowledge from the theoretical part we analyzed samples from national corpus of Russian language. Words, which can use the second locative case, were divided into three groups. We found out that approximately during 1930's appeared evidence of change in use of the local case ending. This is described by the results from the analysis of the lexemes of the first group, where is the use of the second locative obligatory. We also found out, that in the group, where use of locative endings varies, there are some tendencies to distinguish the meaning of the lexemes with the local case endings. In the third group, where the local case endings distinguish meaning of the word, we can claim that there are evidence of the tendencies to unify meaning of the nouns in the local case. Therefore, the choice of the ending does not strictly determine the meaning of the word. Keywords Declension; noun; Russian; second locative; 19th century; 20th century; corpus linguistics

Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons aux relations qui peuvent exister entre des prédicats verbaux(ex : to regulate) et des prédicats nominaux (ex : regulation) dont les structures argumentales mettent enjeu des informations communes. Nous nous livrons à une formalisation des conditions dans lesquelles se réalisent des relations d’équivalence entre les constructions verbales et nominales. La mise en évidence de l’équivalence des structures argumentales de ces deux types de constructions est fondamentale pour pouvoir réaliser, par exemple, des systèmes d’extraction automatique d’informations très performants. En se basant sur les données du lexique The Specialist Lexicon, nous proposons une prédiction raisonnable du comportement syntaxique des arguments nominaux, de différents groupes nominaux prédicatifs(GNpréd), lorsqu’ils sont en position de postmodifieur. Cette étude nous a conduit à concevoir un ensemble d’algorithmes et à développer une plate-forme, Predicate DB, qui nous a permis de produire un lexique de nominalisations. Pour chaque entrée appartenant à ce lexique, nous avons caractérisé ses structures argumentales et ses réalisations dans des GNpréd dont les arguments sont marqués par des prépositions spécifiques. / In this thesis, we focus on the relation that may exist between verbal predicates (e.g., regulate)and nominal predicates (e.g., regulation) whose argument structures involve common information.We make a formalization of the conditions in which equivalent relations between verbal and nominalconstructions are carried out. Bringing out the equivalence of argument structures between these twotypes of constructions is fundamental for achieving, for example, very efficient Information Extractionsystems. Based on data from the Specialist Lexicon, we propose a reasonable prediction of the syntacticbehavior of nominal arguments, which belong to different predicate noun phrases (PNPs), when theyare in postmodifier position. This study has led us to design a set of algorithms and develop a platform,PredicateDB, to produce a lexicon of nominalizations. For each entry belonging to this lexicon, we havedefined its argument structures and achievements in PNPs whose arguments are marked by specificprepositions.