O narcisismo tem sido considerado um dos diferenciais da geração atual, caracterizada pela valorização da realização individual privada e por um exibicionismo acentuado. Nesse contexto, embora certas doses de narcisismo estejam presentes em todos os seres humanos, é o perigo de excesso que conduz às interpretações negativas acerca do conceito. Quando se avaliam especificamente estudantes universitários, os ditos \"futuros líderes\", traços narcisistas em excesso podem estar associados a dificuldades de aprendizagem. Estudantes que buscam gratificações imediatas, como é o caso de indivíduos narcisistas, não se envolvem plenamente em suas atividades acadêmicas. Aqueles que não procuram aconselhamento e não interagem de forma construtiva com professores, também um aspecto característico da personalidade narcisista, podem ter seu desempenho acadêmico afetado negativamente. Ainda, alunos que superestimam seu desempenho, outra característica presente em indivíduos narcisistas, vivem em uma crença irreal de que se saem melhor do que os demais em atividades distintas, o que pode ser prejudicial no longo prazo, além de resultar em um esforço constante para que tal expectativa se torne real. Do mesmo modo, estudantes excessivamente narcisistas, ao apresentarem dificuldades em lidar com o fracasso, podem se envolver em comportamentos antiéticos em busca de melhor desempenho, o que se torna ainda mais prejudicial quando se tratam de alunos de contabilidade, haja vista que estes, seja no ambiente acadêmico ou no profissional, lidam diretamente com as mais diversas possibilidades de fraude. Tendo por base esse arcabouço teórico, o propósito principal desta pesquisa foi identificar se traços não patológicos de personalidade narcisista em estudantes de graduação do curso de Ciências Contábeis estariam relacionados ao desempenho e à percepção deles acerca da desonestidade. A amostra do estudo foi composta por 153 respondentes pelo método survey. Os achados possibilitaram verificar que quanto maior a pontuação do indivíduo no Inventário de Personalidade Narcisista maior a probabilidade de ele classificar seu desempenho acadêmico (autoavaliado) como superior. No que tange ao desempenho real dos estudantes, observa-se que o narcisismo não exerce influência sobre ele, inferindo-se que indivíduos que apresentam maiores níveis de traços de personalidade narcisista tendem a avaliar seu desempenho como superior; no entanto, o desempenho real não segue a mesma tendência. Observou-se, ainda, que a variável narcisismo não exerce influência sobre a percepção do estudante acerca de atitudes consideradas desonestas no âmbito acadêmico. Constata-se, desse modo, que o fato de determinados estudantes apresentarem tendências narcisistas não significa necessariamente que eles seriam mais propensos a pensar que realizar algum tipo de fraude no ambiente acadêmico é aceitável. Por fim, a variável narcisismo não foi considerada estatisticamente significativa quando da investigação de uma possível associação entre ela e a percepção do estudante acerca de atitudes consideradas desonestas no contexto profissional. O que se verificou foi que discentes mais tolerantes com atitudes desonestas no ambiente acadêmico são também mais tolerantes com este tipo de atitude no contexto profissional. Tal achado possibilita inferências no sentido de que a tomada de decisões antiéticas no passado seria uma forte preditora de fraudes futuras, de forma que existe uma correlação entre o comportamento desonesto na faculdade e o subsequente comportamento antiético no local de trabalho. / Narcissism has been considered one of the differentials of the current generation, characterized by the valorization of private individual achievement and marked by great exhibitionism. In this context, although certain doses of narcissism are present in all human beings, the danger of excess leads to negative interpretations about the concept. When university students, so-called \"future leaders\", are specifically evaluated, excessive narcissistic traits may be associated with learning difficulties. Students, who seek immediate gratification, such as narcissistic individuals, are not fully involved in their academic activities. Those who do not seek counseling and do not interact constructively with teachers, which is also a characteristic feature of the narcissistic personality, may have their academic performance negatively affected. Furthermore, students who overestimate their performance, another characteristic present in narcissistic individuals, live in an unrealistic belief that they do better than others in distinct activities, which can be detrimental in the long term, in addition to result in a constant effort so that such expectation becomes real. Likewise, overly narcissistic students, when facing difficulties in dealing with failure, may engage in unethical behavior in searching better performance. This fact becomes even more detrimental, regarding Accounting Sciences course students, since they deal directly with the most diverse possibilities of fraud in academic or professional environment. On the basis of this theoretical framework, the main purpose of this research was to identify if non-pathological traits of narcissistic personality in undergraduate students of the Accounting Sciences course would be related to their performance and their perception about dishonesty. The study sample consisted of one hundred fifty-three respondents by survey method. Results allowed checking that the higher the individual\'s score on the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, the greater the probability he rates his academic performance as higher. Regarding students\' actual performance, it is observed that narcissism does not influence on them, which can be concluded that individuals with higher levels of narcissistic personality traits tend to evaluate their performance as superior; however, the actual performance does not follow the same trend. It was also observed that the narcissism variable does not influence the student\'s perception about attitudes considered dishonest in the academic environment. Thus, it is found that the fact that certain students exhibit narcissistic tendencies does not necessarily mean that they would be more likely to think that conducting some kind of fraud in the academic environment is acceptable. Finally, the narcissism variable was not considered statistically significant, when investigating its possible association with the student\'s perception about attitudes considered dishonest in the professional context. It was verified that more tolerant students with dishonest attitudes in the academic environment are also more tolerant with this type of attitude in the professional context. Such finding enables inferences in the sense that unethical decision making in the past would be a strong predictor of future fraud, so that there is a correlation between dishonest behavior in college and subsequent unethical behavior in the workplace.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-11-18T11:28:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Christiana Paiva de Oliveira.pdf: 817680 bytes, checksum: 5aa4bd10df4f408c0de28ebfb452b9a5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-18T11:28:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Christiana Paiva de Oliveira.pdf: 817680 bytes, checksum: 5aa4bd10df4f408c0de28ebfb452b9a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-23 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This dissertation, written under the influence of Fundamental Psychopathology, addresses questions referring to Tranvestility and elements related to this manifestation. The title was born from a set of clinical care attendances - made by a NGO that cares for GLSBT people – where one of the patients speaks uninterruptedly about his mother. In these moments, the patient mentions a will to transvest that would not exist if it wasn’t for the influence of the mother; he constantly denies the analyst’s speech about it and any other who approaches the established dynamics between his mother and him – seen as perfect, although she was awfully sick. The risen hypothesis is that excessive denial, as well as the emphasis on the mother figure, connects to his will to transvest. In distinction to this case study, this essay intends to emphasize the mother figure as one of the instances of the feminine to the child, inferring to the thought of transvestility having an identification with femininity. For all, questions about narcissism, Oedipus complex and castration gain prominence inside the research and combine to the mechanism of denial. His issues on caring and on body entwine, bringing along considerations towards eroticism, present on the mother-son relation and modifications on the patient’s body. On the presented relationship, transvest hismself would be having access to an idealized body through erotization while providing live to an almost-dead mother / A presente dissertação, escrita sob a luz da Psicopatologia Fundamental, aborda questões referentes à travestilidade e elementos que se ligam a essa manifestação. O tema nasceu de uma série de atendimentos clínicos – realizados em uma ONG que atende a população GLSBT – nos quais um dos pacientes fala ininterruptamente de sua mãe. Nesses atendimentos, o paciente menciona uma vontade de se travestir que não realizaria em função da mãe; nega constantemente as falas da analista e de todos aqueles que se aproximam da dinâmica instaurada entre ele e a mãe – vista como perfeita, mesmo que a mãe estivesse muito doente. A hipótese levantada é que o excesso de negação, bem como a ênfase na mãe se liga à sua vontade de se travestir. A partir desse estudo de caso, o presente trabalho pretende dar ênfase à figura materna como um dos representantes do feminino para a criança, levando a pensar que o travestimento possui uma face identificatória com a feminilidade. Para tanto, questões referentes a narcisismo, complexo de Édipo e castração ganham destaque no andamento da pesquisa e ligam-se ao mecanismo da negação. As questões do cuidado e do corpo se entrelaçam, trazendo reflexões referentes ao erotismo, presentes na relação travada com a mãe e nas transformações do corpo do paciente. Na relação apresentada, travestir-se seria ter acesso ao corpo idealizado através da erotização e, ao mesmo tempo, dar vida à mãe quase morta

SammanfattningDenna studie har haft till uppgift att studera narcissism och aggression. Tidigareforskning har visat att låg självkänsla korrelerar med aggression. Senare forskning visarpå motsatsen att en hög instabil uppblåst självkänsla (narcissistisk) har ett samband medaggression. Detta eftersom personer med en narcissistisk personlighet är lätta attförolämpa och att de när de upplever att deras ego hotat, svarar med ett aggressivtbeteende. I studien undersöktes också om människor med höga narcissistiska värdenockså är orealistiskt optimistiska och har en orealistisk syn på sig själv och sin kontrollöver världen. Även skillnader mellan kön och narcissims undersöktes.Studien innehöll 26 kvinnor och 25 män. De fick fylla i formulär med påståenden sommätte narcissism och optimism. De fick skriva ett stycke om ett starkt ämne. Dessaessäer bedömdes senare av som de leddes att tro en person i ett annat rum. Här skeddemanipulationen av egot genom att undersökningsledaren fyllde i positiv kritik tillhälften av respondenterna och negativ till andra hälften. Efter att fått tillbaka det som deskrivit med antingen positiv eller negativ feedback fick de rätta ett glosprov som detrodde var gjort av den person som gett dem feedback. Detta glosprov innehöll felaktigaord, felstavade och helt rätta ord.Det som studien ville undersöka var om personer med höga narcissistiska värden skullerätta stängare och ge fel även åt ord som var felstavade. Denna studie är en replikationav ett experiment gjort av Baumeister och Bushman (1998). Deras experiment hadeinget glosprov utan innehöll en datorsekvens där respondenten kunde bestraffa denandre (som inte heller här existerade) med att bestämma hur länge den andre skulle höraett starkt ljud när denne svarat fel.Denna studie uppvisade inte ett likadant resultat som tidigare studier. Inget sambandåterfanns mellan ett hotat ego och aggression. Inga skillnader mellan kön ochnarcissism uppvisades. Studien visade inte heller på ett samband mellan optimism ochnarcissism.

Narcissism refers to persistent feelings of grandiosity, a need for admiration, and a lack of empathy (American Psychiatric Association 2013). The literature has found narcissism to be associated with individuals making decisions for a firm that fulfill their egos rather than maximize firm value. The literature in psychology, however, suggests that when firms face financial distress, narcissism could be a desirable trait in an individual, enabling the CEO to take the necessary risks and make the necessary decisions for the firm to recover. I study the context under which a firm may benefit from a narcissistic CEO. In this study, I use two measures from prior literature (CEO photo prominence in the annual report and a CEO’s use of first-person personal pronouns) to form a combination measure to investigate whether firms in financial distress are more likely to appoint a CEO with more narcissistic traits. I find some evidence to support this hypothesis. I also examine whether the association between narcissism and future firm performance is affected by the economic conditions of a firm and the visibility of the firm. I find results consistent with firm financial distress increasing a narcissistic CEO’s effect on firm performance in low-visibility firms.

The Dark Triad constructs – Machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcissism – are typically associated with socially aversive behaviours, including insensitivity and exploitation. Despite this, individuals high in Dark Triad traits can be successful and popular outside of clinical and forensic contexts. Research suggests that individuals susceptible to exploitation possess traits signalling vulnerability, and Dark Triad individuals are adept at identifying these when choosing victims. Language is also known to reveal traces of Dark Triad characteristics. This project examined patterns of interpersonal perception among Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism, with the aim to highlight similarities and differences across the three traits. Three studies explored these traits and the ways they manifest in social contexts. Study 1 investigated the extent to which perceptions of individuals high in Dark Triad traits accurately correspond to personality, emotional attributes, and vulnerability within their targets for manipulation. The cues they use for their judgements were considered. Participants who completed Dark Triad measures watched four video clips of dyadic interactions. Results indicated that Dark Triad individuals demonstrated a negative–other bias, whereby they generally perceived all targets as being vulnerable. Study 2 examined the characteristics of individuals who seemingly condone and abet Dark Triad individuals. Results showed that predictors of vulnerability included low extraversion, low conscientiousness, high neuroticism, and high agreeableness. The vignette method was used to elicit perceptions towards Dark Triad behaviours. Response styles on Likert-type statements and open-ended questions between high and low vulnerability groups differed significantly; the less vulnerable were more derogatory whereas the more vulnerable were less harsh. Study 3 qualitatively assessed language as a marker of Dark Triad traits using text analysis. Case studies of individuals high on the Dark Triad scales revealed that their linguistic patterns were consistent with their respective theoretical conceptions. This mixed methods research established that the Dark Triad traits do not uniformly entail the same behavioural outcomes. It also highlighted the importance of the interactive context between the destructive and the susceptible, through which researchers can devise strategies to help organisations better manage such individuals.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) involves physical, psychological, and/or emotional violence within intimate (e.g., dating) relationships. In this thesis, I examined narcissism as a predictor of IPV. I used an offensive- and defensive-trait framework to come up with 10 potential mediator variables that often typify narcissism and underlie IPV. Correlation analyses confirmed the expected link between narcissism and IPV. Subsequent bootstrapping mediation analysis of IPV-frequency revealed significant indirect effects for 2 mediators - social dominance orientation and the hostile attribution bias-based tendency to retaliate in the face of ambiguous but potentially malevolent social interactions. Bootstrapping analysis of IPV-prevalence also revealed an additional significant indirect effect for hypercompetitiveness. In both bootstrapping analyses the mediator variables only provided partial mediation of the narcissismto- IPV link. In the discussion I focus on the implications for IPV perpetration and research, including avenues for future research and potential interventions for IPV centered on mitigating narcissism.

Narcissists typically present themselves in self-enhancing ways to gain validation (through positive social appraisals) of grandiose, yet uncertain self-views. Using e-mail, Studies 1 and 2 investigated several intra- and interpersonal variables that may influence narcissists� self-presentational behaviour. University students rated themselves on self domains requiring either external validation (e.g., attractiveness) or internal validation (e.g., morality), after being randomly assigned to be either accountable or non-accountable to an evaluative audience for their self-ratings (Study 1), to present their self-ratings to either a single or multiple person evaluative audience (Study 2), and to expect to present their self-ratings to either a high or low status evaluative audience (Studies 1 and 2). Results suggested that when degree of external self-worth contingency (Crocker & Wolfe, 2001) was high, narcissists were insensitive to strategic self-presentational requirements, presenting themselves in a typically self-enhancing manner on external domains when accountable and when presenting to a multiple person audience. Non-narcissists showed more contextual sensitivity when degree of external self-worth contingency was high, and were more modest when these social contextual variables were present. Participants in Study 3 were given bogus positive or negative personality feedback on either their moral virtue or competitive spirit. Narcissists reported greater anger after receiving negative feedback, while also responding to negative feedback with inflated self-presentations. A key finding was that the combination of a high degree of self-worth contingency and negative feedback resulted in increases in self-reported depression and drops in state self-esteem in narcissists. Results suggest that narcissists are chronically vigilant for self-enhancement opportunities, but may be insensitive to social constraints and norms in their efforts to construct their grandiose identities. Narcissists are especially vigilant for self-enhancement opportunities on contingent domains, yet when negative feedback is received in these domains where self-worth is staked, depression and lowered self-esteem may result.

<p>Kroppsuppfattningen handlar om hur en person ser på sin egen kropp. Höga nivåer av narcissism har tidigare sammankopplats med låga nivåer av kroppsmissnöje och höga nivåer av självkänsla (A. L. Jackson, S. K. Ervin & N. C. Hodge, 1992). Enkät undersökning genomfördes med syfte att studera om nivån av kroppsmissnöje hos pojkar i åldrarna 16 till 19 år (n = 104) påverkades av graden av narcissism samt graden av bas- och förvärvad självkänsla och nivån av BMI. Resultaten visade att narcissism var svagt korrelerande med både bas- och förvärvad självkänsla. Det fanns ingen skillnad mellan vare sig åldersgrupperna eller BMI nivåerna gällande nivån av kroppsmissnöje. Resultaten i den aktuella studien var överlag inte i linje med tidigare forskning.</p>

Kroppsuppfattningen handlar om hur en person ser på sin egen kropp. Höga nivåer av narcissism har tidigare sammankopplats med låga nivåer av kroppsmissnöje och höga nivåer av självkänsla (A. L. Jackson, S. K. Ervin &amp; N. C. Hodge, 1992). Enkät undersökning genomfördes med syfte att studera om nivån av kroppsmissnöje hos pojkar i åldrarna 16 till 19 år (n = 104) påverkades av graden av narcissism samt graden av bas- och förvärvad självkänsla och nivån av BMI. Resultaten visade att narcissism var svagt korrelerande med både bas- och förvärvad självkänsla. Det fanns ingen skillnad mellan vare sig åldersgrupperna eller BMI nivåerna gällande nivån av kroppsmissnöje. Resultaten i den aktuella studien var överlag inte i linje med tidigare forskning.

This essay challanges one of the worlds most famous horror story, Mary Shelley'sFrankenstein.Who is the monster in this novel? People know the story but they often tend to blend the two head characters, Victor Frankenstein and his creature. Based on the psychoanalysis, founded by Sigmund Freud, this essay argues that Victor Frankenstein is not the nice guy he seems to be. Appearances are not always what they seem and Victor Frankenstein turns into a "monster of the soul" due to suppressed feelings. His creature never stands a chance without any guidence and love. The creature is instead turned into a "monster of the body" since it is constantly badly treated from the start