Most major cell phone manufacturers have been releasing cell phones equipped with Near Field Communication (NFC). At the same time there is also increasing use of mobile payments and user verification with the use of the NFC technology. These trends indicate both the increasing popularity and great potential for increased use of NFC in today’s society. As a result NFC has a huge potential to simplify our everyday tasks, ranging from paying for items to accessing our office or home. In this context we will focus on using NFC together with a Power over Ethernet (PoE) powered circuit board and NFC reader to realize a simple system for granting access to open a locked door. One of the purposes of this realization is to explore what services can be realized when such a system is connected to the home/building network and connected to the Internet. A second purpose is to learn how to use network attached devices, as the concept of the Internet of Things is considered by many to be a driving force in the next generation Internet. This project uses very in expensive and low power hardware, as the number of devices is potentially very large and thus in order to minimize the technology’s impact on the environment we must consider how to minimize the power used – while maintaining the desired user functionality. This bachelor’s thesis project made it possible for a PoE powered circuit board containing a MSP430 microcontroller to work along with a NFC reader, which was connected through the Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI). We hope that the end result of this project will lead to a simpler life by exploiting this increasingly ubiquitous technology. For example, a homeowner could send a one-time key to a repair person who is coming to fix their sink. Similarly a homeowner could send a key to their neighbor which is valid for two weeks so that their neighbor could come into their home to water the plants while they are away on vacation. Another example is lending your apartment key to a friend while you are out of town. / Det blir allt vanligare med närfältskommunikation (NFC) i dagens samhälle, mobiltelefons-tillverkarna börjar utveckla nya telefoner med NFC teknik inbyggd, samtidigt som användningen av NFC ökat. Det sker även en utveckling inom mobila betalningar och användar-verifiering med användning av NFC, då NFC förenklar detta. Med detta sagt kommer vi att arbeta med detta i detta kandidatexamens-arbete där vi fokuserar på NFC samt Power over Ethernet som använder MSP430 chippet som kärna. Med dessa enheter kombinerade kommer en enkel rörelse med ett NFC kort över en NFC läsare som sedan skall ge åtkomst till en låst dörr. Detta i större kombination med en Internetuppkoppling kunna ge ägaren möjligheten att kunna skicka ut dörrnycklar till andra användare. I detta kandidatexamensarbete gjorde vi det möjligt för ett PoE kretskort bestående av ett MPS430 mikroprocessor att samarbeta med en NFC läsare genom SPI protokollet. Genom att utveckla detta projekt hoppas vi att vårt slutresultat leder till en enklare delning av nycklar med hjälp av denna teknologi.

Abstract Contactless mobile payments are a payment method done with a mobile phone and a contactless technology. Instead of paying with cash, a payment card or a cheque, a user can tap its mobile phone onto a terminal to pay. Across the globe, several markets have been embracing the need for new payment methods. In Asia, contactless mobile payments have been used since 2004. In some of the African countries, due to an insufficient banking industry, mobile payments have been the only electronic payment method. However, in Europe contactless mobile payments are still in their initial phase. The benefits of contactless mobile payments are that they are easier to use, faster and more secure. However, there are some implications. Firstly, the lack of standardisations regarding how the technology will work has led to an undefined ecosystem consisting of many stakeholders with different motives. Secondly, in order for contactless mobile payments to break significant ground the users need to change their existing payment methods and habits. This is a time consuming process, which will require consistency and patience. The research purpose of this thesis has been to define the contactless mobile payment ecosystem with its future potential on the European market. The research paradigm has been of an interpretive nature where the researchers’ interpretations on the information have been in focus. In order to answer the research purpose, an action research has been conducted, including an analysis the of Porter’s Five Forces model applied on the current contactless mobile payment ecosystem with its various stakeholders, the attendance at the annual NFC Congress in Austria as well as an experimental case study on Google. 3The findings of the action research have resulted in new definition of the current contactless mobile payment stakeholder ecosystem. In this new definition of the ecosystem, the user has been defined as the strongest force, hence has been placed in the centre encircled by mobile network operators, banks, merchants and transit authorities. In the ecosystem handset manufactures, operating system providers, technology vendors, cash handling organisations, card networks, POS terminal manufactures and governmental bodies have also been represented. The vision of the case study on Google has been to present a market entry strategy for how Google could enter the European market of contactless mobile payments. The research resulted in a proposition that Google would enter the market in the following order; the UK, France, Turkey, Russia, Germany, Spain and Italy. The conclusions of the research have been that contactless mobile payments will cut across an entire ecosystem, but that the ecosystem at the moment is not fully defined. To achieve a competitive position, a stakeholder has to deliver an outstanding user experience that is interoperable within the whole European market. Key­words: Contactless mobile payments, near field communication (NFC), mobile payment ecosystem, payment ecosystem, Google, Android

M. Tech. (Marketing, Faculty of Management Sciences), Vaal University of Technology / Keywords: Mobile payments, usefulness, ease of use, security, attitude, future intentions. An increased reliance on mobile phones by consumers for making retail purchases has been witnessed over the years. Given the pervasive use of m-payments and the incessant diffusion of innovations in South Africa, it is important for marketers to have knowledge of the right set of factors that enhance consumers’ intent towards favouring m-payments in future encounters. This study draws from the undertones of Davis’s (1989) Technology acceptance Model (TAM). Whereas the theory alludes to the influences of both usefulness and ease of use on consumer attitudes and behaviour, this study further amplifies the salience of cosumer perceptions of security as a salient drive towards m-payment acceptance. This is because m-payments involve moneybased transactions and therefore it is important for consumers to have assurance that they operate along a secure platform. The TAM was nominated as the underlying theory in this research owing to its effectiveness when applied during the initial phases of an innovation, to avoid costly mistakes of implementing innovation attributes that do not offer the requiredset of elements for persuading consumers. The purpose of this study was to test an integrative research model of the antecedents of mpayment acceptance using a South African sample of consumers. A quantitative study comprising a non-probability snowball sample of 474 consumers aged between 18 and 50 years was conducted in 2016, in and around the five major towns of Southern Gauteng province in South Africa. The structured questionnaire requested respondents to indicate their perceptions regarding the usefulness, ease of use and security of m-payment platforms they have utilised. In addition, the questionnaire relates to consumers’ attitude evaluations of m-payments in general, as well as their intentions to both use and recommending m-payments to others in the future. Initially, descriptive statistics were performed on the data set, including correlation analysis and multicolinearity testing. Subsequently, structural equation modelling was applied by first, assessing the measurement model using fit indices, confirmatory factor analysis and statistical accuracy tests of reliability and validity. Specification of the measurement model led to the conclusion that the future intentions model was a five-factor structure comprising usefulness, ease of use, security, attitude and future intentions. Thereafter, the results of the structural model (Structural model A) supported the existence of a direct influence between usefulness and security with attitude, while the latter was found to have a direct influence on future intentions. Nevertheless, the relationships between ease of use and attitude was not significant and therefore, alternative hypothesis Ha3 could not be supported in this study leading to the need to specify a vi subsequent competing model. Under Structural model B, perceived usefulness is used as both a dependent and an independent variable since it is predicted by perceived ease of use and in turn predicts attitude towards using and behavioural intention to use simultaneously. The results of Structural model B led to the decision to accept the competing model as the ultimate model for this research since the model presents complete evidence of path weights that are greater than 0.20, interpreted as evidence for significant path outcomes. Insights gained from this study could assist both marketing academics and practitioners to understand the perceptions of consumers towards m-payments. In this regard, if a determination is made that conducting m-payment transactions in secure and effort-free environments could enhance the effectiveness of consumers in their jobs and lives in general, then marketers could be in a better position to deliver a worthwhile innovation solution for South African consumers.

The project presented in this report is set out to develop a portable electronic system to be used as a medicine pill container. With the functionality to configure up to twelve daily repeated alarms, the purpose of the medicine dosage system is first and foremost to remind the user when they should take their medicine. Secondly, LED lights and user-recorded voice notifications are to be implemented to further aid the user in taking the right medicine each time. The device is also to have a memory log, recording up to one hundred missed dosages, enabling an authorized medicine professional to verify the medicine adherence of the user.Prior to the start of the project, an outline for the functionality and physical appearance of the device was set by the project owner, Victrix AB. This project covers the hardware and software development, as well as the design choices within. The aim is to follow the proposed functionality specification as close as possible, while making justified hardware and software choices considering simplicity, efficiency, power consumption, and availability. By following the specification, the goal is ultimately to increase the medicine adherence for users of the device developed with this thesis.Using qualitative research methods, a valid background study was created, preceding the development of the medicine dosage system. Hardware for a first prototype of the device was then chosen based on the gathered information about existing technologies and related work. With thorough testing and recurrent information exchange with the client, a prototype of the medicine dosage system, based on an Arduino microcontroller, was constructed. The prototype was evaluated to fulfill 92% of the requirements considered as high priority by Victrix. / Projektet som presenteras i denna rapport är tänkt att utveckla ett portabelt elektroniskt system för användning som en medicinsk pillerbehållare. Med funktionaliteten att konfigurera upp till tolv dagligen upprepande alarm är syftet med medicindoseringssystemet först och främst att påminna användaren när de ska ta sin medicin. Lysdioder och användarens egna inspelade röst som notifikationer ska implementeras för att vidare hjälpa användaren att ta rätt medicin vid varje tillfälle. Enheten ska också ha en minneslogg som sparar upp till etthundra missade doseringar, vilket gör det möjligt för auktoriserad sjukvårdspersonal att verifiera användarens följsamhet till medicineringen.En översiktlig beskrivning av funktionaliteten samt det fysiska utseendet av enheten skrevs av projektägaren Victrix AB innan projektet startades. Det som detta projekt täcker är hårdvaruoch mjukvaruutvecklingen, så väl som där tillhörande designval. Projektet siktar på att följa den föreslagna funktionalitetsspecifikationen så nära som möjligt, och samtidigt göra välgrundade val för hårdoch mjukvara med enkelhet, effektivitet, energiförbrukning och tillgänglighet i åtanke. Genom att följa specifikationen är det slutliga målet att frambringa ökad medicinföljsamhet för användare av den med det här projektet utvecklade enheten.Utvecklingen av medicindoseringssystemet föregicks av en befogad bakgrundsstudie utformad genom användningen av kvalitativa forskningsmetoder. Hårdvara att användas för en första prototyp av enheten valdes sedan baserat på den insamlade informationen om existerande teknologier och relaterat arbete. Genom grundliga tester och regelbundet informationsutbyte med kunden konstruerades en prototyp av medicindoseringssystemet baserat på en Arduinomikrokontroller. Prototypen utvärderades att uppfylla 92% av kraven som Victrix ansåg vara av hög prioritet.

Bakgrund och problemdiskussion: Det råder en allmän oro rörande den fysiska butikens framtid. Ett paradigmskifte inom detaljhandeln innebär att den fysiska butiken, för att upprätthålla effektiva och lönsamma affärer, inte längre kan förlita sig på historiskt framgångsrika affärsmodeller och praxis. Istället anses teknik tillsammans med exceptionell service vara två av de viktigaste strategiska faktorerna, vilka kan komma att rädda den fysiska butikens existens. De företag som framgångsrikt lyckas konkurrera via tekniskt levererad service, kommer också långsiktigt att möta efterfrågan hos den digitala kunden. Syfte: Denna masteruppsats syftar till att undersöka vilken effekt som integrering av digitala tekniker i fysisk butik har på kundens upplevelse av butik. Studien ämnar även undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkar förhållandet mellan kundens upplevelse av butik och digital teknik. Metod: Syftet uppfylls genom att studera en faktisk butik, där en digital teknik, Near Field Communication (NFC), integrerats. Studien är i den bemärkelsen en fallstudie. Vidare har en experimentell forskningsdesign av kvalitativ karaktär anammats, där den empiriska datan huvudsakligen grundar sig i semistrukturerade konsumentintervjuer. Slutsats: En stor majoritet av respondenterna ansåg att den testade tekniken kunde få dem att handla i fysisk butik oftare. Följaktligen påvisar integrering av digital teknik i fysisk butik en positiv effekt på kundens upplevelse av butik, där integrering och användning av NFC-tekniken möjliggör en höjning av kundens upplevelse. Resultatet påvisar vidare att faktorer som flexibilitet, effektivitet, tillgänglighet, valmöjligheter, bekvämlighet, upplevd tid och energi samt generationstillhörighet påverkar förhållandet mellan kundens upplevelse av butik och digital teknik. / Background and problem discussion: There is a general concern about the future of the physical store. A paradigm shift in retail means that the physical store, in order to maintain efficient and profitable business, can no longer rely on historically successful business models and practices. Instead, technology together with exceptional service is considered to be two of the most important strategic factors, which may save the physical store's existence. Purpose: This master thesis aims to investigate the effect that integration of digital technologies in the physical store have on the customer’s experience of the store. The study also aims to investigate which factors affect the relationship between the customer's experience of the store and digital technology. Method: The purpose is fulfilled by studying one actual store, where one digital technology, Near Field Communication (NFC), has been integrated. In this sense, the study is a case study. Furthermore, an experimental research design of a qualitative nature has been adopted, where the empirical data is mainly based on semi-structured consumer interviews. Conclusion: A large majority of respondents felt that the tested technology could make them shop in a physical store more often. Consequently, the integration of digital technology into the physical store demonstrates a positive effect on the customer's experience of the store, where integration and use of the NFC technology enables an increase in the customer's experience. The result also shows that factors such as flexibility, efficiency, availability, IV choice, convenience, perceived time and energy and generation affiliation affect the relationship between the customer's experience and digital technology.

Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-03-25T13:57:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 4iPay.pdf: 3380679 bytes, checksum: 49edaff25098492ab3c46fcf4aad082b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-25T13:57:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4iPay.pdf: 3380679 bytes, checksum: 49edaff25098492ab3c46fcf4aad082b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar um modelo de arquitetura e usabilidade para um sistema de pagamento móvel (Mobile Payment System), considerando as premissas de independência de dispositivo, de localização, de operadora de telefonia móvel e de administradora financeira para suprir as necessidades de efetivar pagamentos e recebimentos de qualquer natureza em ambientes de comércio ubíquo (Ubiquitous Commerce). O trabalho inicialmente descreve a motivação, os objetivos e os conceitos fundamentais sobre os quais se baseia a proposta do modelo. A seguir são elencados os principais trabalhos relacionados e uma análise comparativa detalhada é realizada, derivando as características mais importantes a serem consideradas no modelo proposto. Em seguida, é proposto um modelo de pagamento móvel, denominado 4iPay, onde são detalhados os objetivos, arquitetura, recursos e a proposta técnico-científica de comércio eletrônico em ambientes ubíquos. Na proposição do modelo foi considerada a convergência dos trabalhos relacionados analisados no que tange à ubiquidade, unicidade, universalidade e unissonância. Assim, o modelo 4iPay pretende reunir as melhores características, inovando e melhorando em alguns aspectos relevantes ao comércio ubíquo de fato. O modelo proposto visa propor uma solução diferenciada em termos de arquitetura, modelo de negócio, usabilidade, baixo consumo de banda e alto desempenho nas transações de pagamento e recebimento, em relação às propostas atuais, levando em consideração, nas transações comerciais eletrônicas móveis, questões como independência de dispositivo, localização física, segurança e confiabilidade, além de outras características expostas ao longo do trabalho, como otimização no uso de protocolos de comunicação e flexibilidade na utilização de conexões locais ou remotas. Também são descritos cenários efetivos de uso de onde e como o modelo 4iPay pode ser aplicado. Para tanto é apresentado o protótipo desenvolvido para avaliar o modelo. Por fim, são apresentados os resultados obtidos na avaliação dos cenários, nas avaliações de desempenho da aplicação e na pesquisa de campo de aceitação do modelo proposto. / This work aims at presenting a usability and architectural model for a mobile payment system. In our model, we assume independence of devices, of location, of mobile operator, and of administrator, to allow all kinds of payment in ubiquitous environments (Ubiquitous Commerce). In this work, we begin describing motivation, goals, and fundamental concepts, in which the proposed model is based. Next, we present related works and a detailed comparative analysis of those projects, deriving the most important features. Later, we propose a model of mobile payment, called 4iPay, based on those features. We detail the 4iPay model, architecture, features, and the technical-scientific proposal of an electronic commerce system in ubiquitous environments. We consider, in the proposed model, the convergence of various related works in terms of ubiquity, unity, universality, and unison. Thus, 4iPay aims at bringing together the best features, innovating and improving in some aspects. In the model, we propose a distinguished solution in terms of architecture, business model, usability, low bandwidth consumption and high performance in payment and receipt transactions. We also consider issues such as device independence, physical location, security and reliability, and other features related to mobile electronic commerce transactions, such as optimizing communications protocols usage and flexibility in local or remote connections. We also present the effective use in scenarios of where and how 4iPay can be applied. For this purpose we present the prototype developed to evaluate the model. Finally, we present the scenarios assessment results, the application performance evaluation and the proposed model acceptance survey.

Submitted by William Justo Figueiro (williamjf) on 2015-07-10T21:37:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 36b.pdf: 8321284 bytes, checksum: 5ec8d2ae2a04b68405d9caf30d342a3a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-10T21:37:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 36b.pdf: 8321284 bytes, checksum: 5ec8d2ae2a04b68405d9caf30d342a3a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-19 / Nenhuma / O uso de dispositivos móveis como meio de pagamento vem crescendo ao longo dos últimos anos. Embora algumas implantações de carteiras digitais tenham sido bem sucedidas, ainda não existe um padrão a ser utilizado pelo mercado. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma solução para pagamento móvel através da utilização de uma carteira digital. Esta solução deve ser heterogênea, sendo disponibilizada para o maior número possível de dispositivos móveis, como telefones celulares e tablets, e deve permitir o pagamento entre dois usuários sem a necessidade de conexão à internet. O trabalho também leva em consideração as informações de contexto do usuário, e busca oferecer uma solução diferenciada ao usuário final, através da interface da aplicação com um servidor de pedidos, a ser instalado no estabelecimento comercial. A segurança também é um item importante, e o modelo deve prever a utilização de um elemento seguro, garantindo a segurança das informações gravadas no dispositivo. Foi desenvolvido um protótipo da arquitetura proposta, denominado Unipag. O protótipo foi desenvolvido através da avaliação de quatro diferentes soluções de carteira digital, sendo duas soluções acadêmicas e duas soluções comerciais. O protótipo foi desenvolvido inicialmente para o sistema Android, e foram realizadas duas avaliações. A avaliação por cenários demonstrou a utilização com sucesso da aplicação em cenários de pagamento cotidianos. A avaliação de usabilidade demonstrou que o aplicativo é de fácil utilização, e 96% dos usuários utilizariam a aplicação se disponível. Os resultados encorajam o estudo e demonstram a viabilidade da solução. / The use of mobile devices as a payment device has been growing over the last few years. Although some deployments of digital wallets have been successful, there is still no standard to be used by market. This work aims to present a solution for mobile payment through the use of a digital wallet. This solution must be heterogeneous, being made available to the largest possible number of mobile devices such as mobile phones and tablets, and should allow payment between two users without internet connection. The solution also considers the context information of the user, and seeks to offer a different solution to the end user through the application interface with a server application to be installed on the premises. Safety is also an important item, and the model should provide for the use of a secure element, ensuring the security of information stored on the device. We developed a prototype of the proposed architecture, called Unipag. The prototype was developed by evaluating four different solutions digital wallet, two academic solutions and two commercial solutions. The prototype was initially developed for the Android system, and were assessed twice. The evaluation scenarios demonstrated the successful use of the application for daily payment scenarios. The usability evaluation demonstrated that the application is easy to use, and 96% of users would use the application if available. The results encourage the study and demonstrate the feasibility of the solution.

Genom att studera olika kommunikationsprotokoll kunna svara på vad det är som gör att ett visst protokoll är bäst anpassat för att användas mellan mobila enheter och IoT-enheter. I arbetet användes en kvalitativ litteraturstudie för att ge en grundlig teoretisk bakgrund samt en experimentell studie där ett par teorier undersökts ifall de stämmer med resultaten ifrån verkligheten. De fem faktorerna kompatibilitet, batteritid, frekvens, räckvidd och tillförlitlighet undersöktes hos kommunikationsprotokollen Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), Närfältskommunikation (NFC) och Wi-Fi. Dessa tre valdes eftersom de stöds av nyare mobila plattformar idag. Kommunikations-protokollen analyserades sedan gentemot olika användningsområden inom IoT, eftersom påståendet vad som är bäst anpassat beror på vad situationen kräver för egenskaper. En systemutvecklare som ska välja kommunikationsprotokoll till en IoT-tillämpning och läser denna rapport bör själv jämföra de olika protokollen mot varandra inom de fem faktorerna för att kunna avgöra vilket protokoll som passar bäst inom dennes situation. I arbetet utfördes endast experimentella studier på BLE på grund av begränsningar inom utrustningen. Ytterligare experiment inom NFC och Wi-Fi skulle ge ett bredare perspektiv med fler infallsvinklar. / By studying different communication protocols respond to what it is that makes a certain protocol best suited for use between mobile devices and IoT devices. This study used a qualitative literature study to create a proper theoretical background and an experimental study where two theories were investigated in whether they matched wih the results from the reality. The five factors compatibility, battery loss, frequency, range and reliability were investigated in the communication protocols Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), Near field communication (NFC) and Wi-Fi, these three because they are supported by newer mobile platforms today. The communication protocols were then analysed against various uses in the IoT, since the claim what it is that makes it best suited depends on what the situation requires. A system developer that is about to select the communication protocol to use in an IoT application and reads this study should compare the different protocols to each other within the five factors to determine which protocol is best suited for his situation. This study only performed experimental studies on BLE because of limitations in the equipment. Additional experiments on NFC and Wi-Fi would provide a wider perspective.

The objective of this work is to enhance and advance sensing technologies with the design and development of novel radio frequency (RF) sensors based on far-field and near-field principles of the electromagnetic (EM) resonances. In the first part of this thesis, original design and development of a passive RF temperature sensor, a passive RF strain sensor, and a passive RF pressure sensor are presented. The RF temperature sensor is presented in Chapter 3. It is based on split ring resonators loaded with bimorph cantilevers. Its operating principles and equivalent circuits are discussed in Chapter 4, where the design concept is illustrated to be robust and highly adaptable to different sensing ranges, environments, and applicable to other type of sensing beyond temperatures. The passive RF strain sensor, based on a patch antenna loaded with a cantilever-integrated open loop, is presented in Chapter 5, where it is demonstrated to have the highest strain sensitivity in the same remote and passive class of sensors in the state-of-the-art. Chapter 6 describes the passive RF pressure sensor, which is based on a dual-band stacked-patch antenna that allows both identification and sensing to be embedded in its unique dual resonant responses. In the second part of this thesis, an original and first-of-its-kind RF transducer is presented that enables non-touch sensing of human fingers within 3 cm of proximity (based on one unit sensor cell). The RF transducer is based on a slotted microstrip patch coupled to a half-wavelength parallel-coupled microstrip filter operating in the frequency range of 6 – 8 GHz. The sensing mechanism is based on the EM near-field coupling between the resonator and the human finger. Fundamentally different from the electric field capacitive sensing, this new method of sensing, the first of its kind, based on near-field interference that produces a myriad of nonlinearities in the sensing response, can introduce new capabilities for the interface of electronic displays (the detection is based on pattern recognition). What set this sensor and its platform apart from previous proximity sensors and microwave sensing platforms is the low profile planar structure of the system, and its compatibility with mobile applications. The thesis provides both breadth and depth in the proposed design and development and thus presenting a complete research in its contributions to RF sensing.

Submitted by Daniele Santos (danielesantos.htl@gmail.com) on 2017-02-21T21:04:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Eduardo.pdf: 1544695 bytes, checksum: ad700b85bc86a6f4889a9f52275ab887 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2017-02-23T17:38:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Eduardo.pdf: 1544695 bytes, checksum: ad700b85bc86a6f4889a9f52275ab887 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-02T13:43:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eduardo.pdf: 1544695 bytes, checksum: ad700b85bc86a6f4889a9f52275ab887 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-10 / Today there exist a myriad of different types of physical access control systems (PACS) that use a smart card or mobile device as a key. The mobile device enabled smart locks, as they are often referred to, operate using either Wi-Fi or Bluetooth. This thesis has explored the use of a third emerging wireless technology called Near Field Communication (NFC) available in mobile devices such as smartphones. Near Field Communication (NFC) technology is a relatively new technology that is on the rise and is included in almost every new mobile device. By leveraging Near Field Communication (NFC) enabled mobile devices, a highly secure access control system can be achieved and developed taking advantage of the computational power of smartphones in comparison to traditional methods the business implications are huge, Several different authentication and encryption protocols, mobile operating systems and Near Field Communication (NFC) modes of operation where analyzed and evaluated. After considerations technical considerations the Secure Remote Password authentication protocol on top of Near Field Communication (NFC) card emulation (CE) scheme with the client application running on smartphones operating system (OS) was selected. This thesis shows that Near Field Communication (NFC) enables a mobile device to act as a key in a secure access control system (PACS) and as the user base for NFC grows larger so will the likelihood that we will come to see more of these types of systems in business and organizations.