Introdução: A negligência é um fenômeno de incidência crescente na enfermagem contemporânea, uma omissão frente ao cuidado bastante naturalizada no cotidiano profissional, mas que constitui infração ética grave, pois viola os preceitos éticos e a própria essência da profissão. Este estudo abordou a negligência cometida pelos profissionais de enfermagem no exercício da função nos processos éticos julgados pelo COREN-SP entre 2001 e 2010 e nas falas dos profissionais condenados nos processos éticos de negligência com criança. Contemplou-se a negligência nas dimensões conceitual, semântica, jurídica e ético-profissional, com o intuito de elucidar seus contornos, distingui-la das infrações éticas análogas imperícia e imprudência e dimensionar a responsabilidade do profissional condenado por conduta negligente. Objetivos: Identificar e classificar os casos de negligência profissional julgados pelo COREN-SP no período de 2001 a 2010; analisar as justificativas presentes nos depoimentos dos profissionais condenados nos processos éticos de negligência com criança e reconstituir o sentido do ato negligente nos depoimentos desses profissionais. Métodos: Delineou-se como percurso metodológico a pesquisa bibliográfica exploratória da literatura especializada, realizada em duas etapas, e a pesquisa documental dos processos éticos nas abordagens quantitativa e qualitativa. A primeira etapa da pesquisa bibliográfica concentrou-se em publicações nacionais que abordaram a negligência sem definição de recorte temporal. Localizou-se um número reduzido de 13 estudos e constatou-se a inexistência de um conceito de negligência no campo da enfermagem, pressuposto do estudo. Na segunda etapa, ampliou-se a revisão das publicações nacionais para 19 estudos e procedeu-se a revisão dos 11 estudos internacionais encontrados, realizada subsequentemente à leitura dos processos. Utilizou-se como referencial teórico-filosófico as concepções de ética, deliberação e responsabilidade de Aristóteles e de Hans Jonas. Resultados: O estudo quantitativo abrangeu 482 processos éticos e forneceu dados para a composição de um primeiro retrato da negligência na enfermagem. Identificou-se 68 processos de negligência e 20 processos de negligência com criança, dos quais selecionou-se sete para o estudo qualitativo, realizado mediante a análise de conteúdo dos depoimentos, na modalidade de análise temática. Tal abordagem propiciou uma definição mais específica de ato negligente e subsidiou a formulação de seis categorias analíticas. Observou-se, nos depoimentos, a mesma naturalização da negligência presenciada no cotidiano profissional, dado que os profissionais não se referiram à conduta negligente como negativa em suas falas mesmo quando esta resultou em consequências fatais, tampouco expressaram qualquer manifestação de pesar pelo efeito lesivo do ato praticado, buscando sempre atenuá-lo por meio de estratégias discursivas. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que o ato negligente comporta sempre um componente de deliberação e de responsabilidade pessoal, o que permitiu definir negligência como o descumprimento deliberado do dever de atender a necessidade do cuidado e confirmar que, na qualidade de conduta antiética, a negligência efetivamente afronta a responsabilidade profissional que decorre do compromisso ético inerente à profissão / Introduction: Neglect is a phenomenon of growing incidence in contemporary nursing, comprising an omission regarding care, which is quite naturalized in professional daily life, but which constitutes a serious ethical breach, as it violates ethical precepts and the very essence of the profession. This study addressed neglect committed by nursing professionals in the exercise of their function in the ethical proceedings judged by COREN-SP between 2001 and 2010 and in the statements of professionals convicted in ethical proceedings of child neglect. Neglect in the conceptual, semantic, juridical and ethical-professional dimensions was contemplated, with the aim of elucidating its contours, distinguish it from analogous ethical infractions, malice and imprudence, and dimension the responsibility of professionals convicted for negligent conduct. Purpose: To identify and classify the cases of professional neglect judged by COREN-SP in the period from 2001 to 2010; analyze the justifications present in the testimonies of convicted professionals in the ethical proceedings of child neglect; and reconstitute the meaning of the negligent act in the testimonies of these professionals. Methods: The exploratory bibliographic research of the specialized literature, carried out in two stages, as well as the documentary research of the ethical proceedings in the quantitative and qualitative approaches were delineated as a methodological course. The first stage of the bibliographical research focused on Brazilian publications that addressed neglect without a definition of timeframes. A small number of 13 studies were located, and there was no concept of neglect in the field of nursing, which was the studys assumption. In the second stage, the review of the Brazilian publications for 19 studies was expanded, and the 11 international studies were reviewed following the reading of the proceedings. The conceptions of ethics, deliberation and responsibility of Aristotle and Hans Jonas were used as theoretical-philosophical references. Results: The quantitative study covered 482 ethical proceedings and provided data for the composition of an initial image of nursing neglect. A total of 68 neglect cases and 20 child neglect cases were identified, of which seven were selected for the qualitative study, based on the analysis of the content of the testimonies, in the thematic analysis mode. This approach provided a more specific definition of a negligent act and subsidized the formulation of six analytical categories. The testimonies showed the same naturalization of the neglect observed in the professional daily life, as the professionals did not refer to the negligent conduct as negative in their statements, even when this resulted in fatal consequences, nor did they express any manifestation of regret by the injurious effect of the act, always seeking to alleviate it through discursive strategies. Conclusion: It was concluded that the negligent act always involves a component of deliberation and personal responsibility, which enabled a definition of neglect as the deliberate failure to comply with the duty to provide the care needed and to confirm that, as an unethical conduct, neglect is an effective violation of professional responsibility, arising from the ethical commitment inherent in the profession.

Denna studie ämnar att undersöka vad som skiljer sig mellan unga kvinnors och mäns finansiella tankesätt i form av mottagligheten för kognitiva snedvridningar, samt huruvida dessa snedvridningar är relaterade till sparbeteende. Som följd av en mansdominerad finansmarknad tillsammans med andra faktorer har kvinnors och mäns ägande genom åren, och fram tills idag skiljt sig åt. Att kvinnor sparar mindre än män, vilket visar sig redan vid ung ålder, ger avtryck i deras framtida ekonomi. Det förstärker även fördomar om kvinnors finansiella beteenden vilket kan bli en bromskloss för kvinnors avancemang på finansmarknaden. “Girl math” är ett fenomen som trendar på sociala medier och handlar om kvinnors finansiella kognitiva snedvridningar och förstärker befintliga fördomar. Frågan som vi ställer oss är hur väl dessa girl math-påståenden om kvinnors finansiella beteende stämmer överens med verkligheten, är girl math sanning eller konsekvens? De kognitiva snedvridningar som undersöks i studien är mental accounting, sunk cost fallacy och opportunity cost neglect. För att studera detta utformade vi en onlinestudie riktad till individer inom åldersspannet 18-30 år. Deltagarna fick svara på frågor kopplade till tre kognitiva snedvridningarna som är framträdande inom girl math samt deras sparbeteende. Tillvägagångssättet för analysen var genom en OLS-regression med flera förklaringsvariabler mot de beroende variablerna. Resultaten indikerar att unga kvinnor är mer mottagliga för mental accounting jämfört med unga män, något som går i linje med tidigare forskning. Däremot kan variabeln kön inte förklara mottagligheten för sunk cost fallacy eller opportunity cost neglect. Det finns inte heller något signifikant samband mellan mottagligheten för våra tre kognitiva snedvridningar och könsskillnader i sparande. Våra resultat mynnar ut i att fenomenet girl math delvis är sanning som troligen uppstått som konsekvens av samhällets finansiella normer och stereotyper. / This study aims to investigate the differences between young women's and men's financial mindsets in terms of susceptibility to behavioral biases, and whether these biases are related to savings behavior. As a result of a male-dominated financial market, along with other factors, women's and men's ownership has diverged over the years, and until today. The fact that women save less than men, which is already evident at a young age, has an impact on their future finances. It also reinforces prejudices about women's financial behavior, which can become a barrier to women's advancement in the financial market. “Girl math” is a phenomenon trending on social media that addresses women's financial behavioral biases and reinforces existing prejudices. The question we ask is how well do these girl math claims about women's financial behavior match reality, is girl math truth or consequence? The behavioral biases examined in the study are mental accounting, sunk cost fallacy and opportunity cost neglect. To study this, we designed an online study aimed at individuals in the age range 18-30 years. Participants were asked to answer questions related to three behavioral biases prominent in girl math and questions about their savings behavior. The approach to the analysis is through an OLS regression with several explanatory variables against the dependent variables. The results indicate that young women are more susceptible to mental accounting compared to young men, which is in line with previous research. However, the variable gender cannot explain the susceptibility to sunk cost fallacy or opportunity cost neglect . There is also no significant relationship between susceptibility to the three behavioral biases and gender differences in savings. Our results conclude that the phenomenon of girl math is partly true and has probably arisen as a consequence of societal financial norms and stereotypes.

In Sweden, all school staffs are obligated to notify suspected of child abuse or neglect. The study's purpose is to investigate how the notification requirements in Social Services Act, chapter 14, section 1, are applied in primary schools and how to best collaborate among the team of professionals responsible for dealing with suspected child neglect or abuse. The study's research question is: How do the various professions at school (apart from the teachers) deal with suspicions of child neglect or abuse? How does this affect the school management and structural management of suspected neglect? How is the report prepared and submitted to the social services? The results are based on in-depth interviews with nine people of different professions within the school health. Collaboration within the pupil health team worked mainly very well, but in one case, it did not work well at all. Many times, however, it was a lack of communication between student health teams and the teachers. The main conclusion of the study is that the importance of a well-functioning student health team is of paramount importance for dealing correctly with suspected child neglect. Firstly, this is best achieved by ensuring the quality training for school heads in matters relating to the notification obligation. Secondly, the student health personnel have to be well known faces among the teachers. Thirdly, it is crucial that horizontal cooperation is initiated by the principal. Fourthly, it also emerged that team members, teachers and other staff within the school has to be continuously updated with the details of the notification requirement.

The aim of this study was to examine associations between biases in decision-making (delay discounting [DD], opportunity cost neglect [OCN], status quo bias [SQB]), educational attainment, and use of cigarettes and other tobacco and nicotine delivery products among women of reproductive age. Women of reproductive age are of special interest because of the additional risks that cigarette smoking or use of these other products represents should they become pregnant. Data were collected anonymously online in survey format using Amazon Mechanical Turk [AMT]. Participants were 800 women of reproductive age (24-44 years) from across the US. Half (n = 400) were smokers who reported current, daily smoking and half (n = 400) were never smokers who reported smoking less than 100 cigarettes in their lifetime. Participants reported smoking characteristics, plans to quit smoking, use of nicotine replacement therapies, use of other tobacco and nicotine delivery products, alcohol and drug use histories, and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence. Participants completed two measures for each of the three biases in decision-making, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale [BIS-11], and two scales measuring short- and long-term propensity to plan for money expenditures [PPMS and PPML]. Educational attainment analyses compared three education groups: high school or less vs. some college (e.g. some college/A.A.) vs. B.A. or higher. DD was steeper among current vs. never smokers and for women with lower vs. higher levels of education, with no significant interaction between smoking and education. Modifying the instructions of the DD measure to make the zero option explicit reduced DD similarly across levels of smoking status and education. OCN was worse at lower vs. higher educational attainment on one OCN measure, with no significant effect of smoking status or interaction between opportunity cost neglect and educational attainment on either measure. No evidence was found for stronger SQB by smoking status or education. Smoking status was related to BIS Total, BIS Motor and Nonplanning subscales and to PPML in initial models but remained significant after adjusting for baseline differences in participant characteristics only for BIS Motor subscale and educational attainment was related only to BIS Nonplanning subscale. Preliminary comparisons of e-cigarette users to non-users suggest smokers using e-cigarettes only differ from smokers not using e-cigarettes on measures related to quitting smoking whereas within never smokers e-cigarette users demonstrated a pattern of riskier decision-making compared to non-users. Results confirm that DD and education are important to understanding the use of tobacco and nicotine products in women of reproductive age, and suggest that smoking and educational attainment are independently related to discounting rates. The observed explicit-zero framing effect suggests making alternatives more explicit when presenting choices may help reduce DD and lead to better decision-making, which has possible treatment implications. Results identify OCN as an additional decision-making bias to consider in understanding how low educational attainment might relate to smoking vulnerabilities. The preliminary examination of e-cigarette use suggests for women of reproductive age above age 24 years, e-cigarette use among current smokers may reflect desire or attempts to quit or cut back on smoking whereas e-cigarette use among non-smokers may be a marker of a more impulsive, riskier repertoire, although additional study of this question is needed.

Community development corporations (CDCs) have become important vehicles for revitalizing urban neighborhoods. These small, multi-disciplinary groups must adapt quickly to changing conditions in the industry. The author interviewed CDC directors and other industry experts from Richmond, Virginia and Atlanta, Georgia to identify and compare contemporary challenges, opportunities and adaptations among community developers. The cost and availability of land, inadequate funding and organizational capacity were significant barriers in both cities. In Richmond, increasing competition, NIMBY and staff retention were other barriers. In Atlanta, securing community buy-in, the permitting process, and the growing need for affordable housing were other barriers. Increasing public interest in affordable housing, the need for new housing types and increased housing demand present new opportunities. Atlanta also has new public policies supporting housing. In response, CDCs in both cities are expanding their geographic areas, developing partnerships, and adding new development products. Atlanta CDCs also reported expanding non-development activities.

A great deal is known and has been written about the difficulties that high IQ children can experience in the classroom when their special educational needs are not met. Evidence suggests that these difficulties can result in poor academic performance. This study is different from the research carried out in this field so far in that it expresses an hitherto unheard adult voice. It does so by examining the causes and the long-term effects of academic underachievement, as perceived by high IQ adults, on reflection. A mixed quantitative/qualitative methodological approach was used. 158 members of British Mensa, the High IQ Society, completed one semi-structured open ended questionnaire about their perceptions of the causes and long-term effects of their academic underachievement. A second questionnaire was completed by 50 of the previous sample who had revealed that they had reversed their underachievement in adulthood. This highlighted the differences between their educational experiences as children and as adults. It also revealed the impact that their delayed academic achievement had had on their life trajectory. Out of those 50 participants, ten took part in semi-structured one-to-one interviews which allowed for more in-depth enquiry. The conclusions of the study were that, if not nurtured, an innate ability such as a high IQ can become a disadvantage over time. It suggests that not catering for the special educational needs of high IQ children by not providing the mental stimulation they need is 'intellectual neglect'. Such neglect, like physical and emotional neglect, may affect mental well-being in adulthood. In the study sample, most of the participants' long-term economic and mental health had been negatively affected by their academic underachievement, even when it had been reversed in adulthood. This is an area which seems to have been little researched so far, perhaps because of the difficulty of locating high IQ underachieving adults. Yet, the issues highlighted by the research are of great importance not only to the individuals concerned but also to society. The desired outcomes of this study are that the dissemination of the results will raise awareness amongst educators and policy makers of the potential negative long-term effects of neglecting high IQ children's intellectual needs. It will also provide a platform for further research.

L’adaptation des fonctions motrices permet l’optimisation des interactions avec l’environnement et ses modifications. Une des grandes questions posées à ce sujet concerne la spécificité des modifications implémentées. Dans la littérature traditionnelle sur l’adaptation visuo-manuelle au port de prismes, on retrouve une généralisation de l’adaptation à des positions spatiales non-apprises, mais un très faible transfert de l’adaptation aux autres effecteurs moteurs. Par contraste, les résultats thérapeutiques acquis chez le patient négligent depuis 12 ans suggèrent que l’adaptation visuo-manuelle peut produire des effets à tous les niveaux affectés par cette pathologie. Cette opposition apparente pose la question de la validité du modèle pathologique pour explorer l’adaptation sensori-motrice, et une façon d’y répondre est d’explorer les effets de l’adaptation sur les fonctions perturbées par la négligence chez le sujet normal. Ces trois volets de la littérature apportent des éclairages complémentaires sur la question de la généralisation des adaptations. Par la mise en évidence d’une généralisation des effets consécutifs de l’adaptation prismatique, notamment à un niveau transmodal, non impliqué dans la procédure d’adaptation per se, ce travail de thèse apporte des éléments pertinents en terme de niveau d’action et d’organisation des réseaux impliqués, laissant suggérer un effet de restructuration sur des représentations spatiales de haut niveau, permettant d’élargir l’orientation des stratégies de réhabilitation, par la mise en évidence d’une activation dynamique de fonctions et de réseaux liés à l’intégration multi-sensorielle, nécessaire aux représentations spatiales / Adaptation of motor functions allows optimization of interactions with environment and its alterations. One major question concerns specificity of implemented modifications. Classical data about visuo-manual adaptation to prisms reveal generalization of adaptation to non learned spatial locations, but a very poor transfer to others motor effectors. By contrast, therapeutic results obtained in neglect patients since 12 years suggest that visuo-manual adaptation could produce effects at various levels affected by neglect. This apparent opposition raises the question of validity of pathologic model to explore sensori-motor adaptation, and one way to answer is to explore effects of prism adaptation on disturbed functions by neglect in normal subject. These three sections of review bring out complementary lightings about question of adaptations generalization. By underlying generalization of after-effects of prism adaptation, in particular at a transmodal level, non implicated in adaptative procedure per se, these results bring some relevant arguments in terms of level of action and implicated networks organization, suggesting a restructuring effect on high level spatial representations, allowing to enlarge orientation of rehabilitative strategies. These results bring out a dynamic activation of functions and networks linked to multisensory integration, appropriate to spatial representations

La perception de la verticale repose sur l’intégration des informations vestibulaires, visuelles et somesthésiques. Elle est généralement étudiée dans la modalité visuelle (VVS) ou haptique (VHS) et plus rarement dans la modalité visuo-haptique (VVHS). Cette modalité pose la question de l’intégration des informations mises en jeu par ces deux modalités dans la perception multimodale et du modèle cognitif sous-jacent. Se pose également la question de l'effet des lésions cérébrales perturbant la perception spatiale (hémi-négligence) dans la perception de la verticale.Une comparaison des VVS, VHS et VVHS est réalisée dans les quatre premières études de cette thèse, chez des participants sains jeunes et plus âgés et chez des patients cérébro-lésés droits avecou sans troubles visuo-spatiaux. Les performances observées sont proches de la verticale gravitaire chez les participants sains pour les VVS et VVHS. La VHS (avec la main droite) est déviée, dans le sens horaire chez les jeunes participants et anti-horaire pour les participants plus âgés. La présence d’un cadre visuel perturbe les VVS et VVHS chez les participants dépendants à l'égard du champ.Les patients cérébro-lésés droits présentent une déviation anti-horaire des trois verticales, plus marquée pour la VHS. Les VVHS mesurées sont correctement prédites, dans toutes les conditions,par la somme des VVS et VHS pondérées par leurs précisions relatives. La variance de la VVHS est moindre que les variances des VVS et VHS. La VHS, systématiquement déviée dans ces quatre premières études, fait l’objet d’une évaluation détaillée dans les deux dernières études de cette thèse. Les résultats montrent que la VHS est déviée dans le sens horaire avec la main droite, dans le sens anti-horaire avec la main gauche chez les participants sains jeunes ; les déviations s’inversent avec l’âge. Par ailleurs, les performances sont systématiquement déviées dans le sens des positions initiales. Considérés ensemble, ces résultats montrent que la perception de la verticale implique les informations mises en jeu par les modalités visuelle et haptique mais avec une prépondérance de la première. Ce travail de thèse montre ainsi que la perception de la verticale subjective repose sur une intégration multimodale pondérée des informations sensorielles en accord avec le modèle statistique bayésien du maximum de vraisemblance. Ce mode d'intégration multi-sensorielle n'est pas altéré par l’âge ou la présence de lésions cérébrales affectant la perception visuo-spatiale. Plusieurs pistes restent à explorer, notamment, le poids de la contribution des informations vestibulaires dans la verticale subjective. / The perception of the vertical direction is achieved through vestibular, visual and somatosensory information integration. It is studied in the visual (SVV), haptic (SHV) and less often in the visuo-haptic modality (SVHV). The latter raises the question of the integration of visual the information involved in the visual and haptic modalities and of the cognitive model underlying this integration. SVV, SHV and SVHV were compared in the first four studies of this thesis, inhealthy young and older subjects and in right-brain damaged patients with or without visuo-spatial disorders. Performances were closed to the gravity in healthy participants, for SVV as well as forSVHV. VHS, assessed with the right hand, was tilted clockwise in young participants and anticlockwise in older participants. The presence of a visual frame disrupted SVV and SVHV. The right-brain damaged patients had an anti-clockwise deviation of SVV and SVHV and the SHV was even more tilted. SVHV was well predicted from the sum of the SVV and SHV weighted by their relative variances in all conditions and the SVHV variances were lesser. SHV was evaluated in detail in the two last studies of this thesis because of the systematic tilt in the first four studies. The results show that the SHV is tilted clockwise with the right hand and anti-clockwise with the left hand in young healthy subjects. Moreover, deviations reversed in older group and performances are systematically tilted toward the initial positions in the two groups. Taken together, these results show that the way participants integrate visual and haptic information fits the maximum like lihoodmodel with a greater weighting of information available in visual modality and that ageing and right-brain lesions does not alter the multisensory integration. The weight of vestibular information in the subjective vertical, which has not been evaluated per se in this thesis, needs further investigations.

Child neglect and abuse is a widespread problem and mandatory reporting is one of society's most important instruments for detecting and supporting children that are affected. Teachers are an occupational professional group in a unique position to identify children affected by abuse and neglect, but previous research shows that teachers often lack proper education and skills to detect children in need of protection and support. The aim of the study is to examine the qualifications student teachers acquire during their undergraduate studies to act as mandated reporters in their future careers. Furthermore the aim is to problematize how prepared student teachers are for this responsibility. All final year student teachers studying F-3 and 4-6 at Linneaus university in Kalmar and Växjö were asked to participate in a web survey. The results of the study showed that education on child neglect and abuse was scarce and received no primary focus during student teachers basic training. The results also showed that only a minority of the student teachers had received information via official guidelines and documents, while previous work experience was a major source of knowledge on child abuse and neglect. Our conclusion of the study is that student teachers are ill prepared for the responsibility as mandated reporters. This is problematized in the discussion where mandatory reporting and it’s prerequisites are put in a different perspective based on society's responsibility regarding child abuse and neglect.

FALEIROS, J. M. Estudo da prevalência de maus - tratos em crianças matriculadas de 1ª à 4ª série do ensino fundamental em escolas da rede pública e particular da cidade de Ribeirão Preto. 150 p. Dissertação (Mestrado) Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto. 2006. Os maus-tratos na infância têm se revelado um foco de preocupação no meio científico devido às descobertas das graves conseqüências a curto e longo prazo no desenvolvimento da criança. No meio político e social, no entanto, essa questão, e suas graves conseqüências, parece caminhar ainda muito lentamente na direção do estabelecimento de políticas públicas efetivas. A escassez de estatísticas e a ausência de um conhecimento mais aprofundado das diversas situações de maus-tratos fazem com que a problemática receba uma atenção pouca adequada e especializada. A literatura científica aponta a provável existência de um grande número de casos que não se chega a conhecer, para além dos números divulgados por órgãos oficiais de proteção. Com o objetivo de estimar de forma mais precisa o número de casos de maus-tratos domésticos na cidade de Ribeirão Preto, o presente estudo buscou mensurar a prevalência de maus-tratos, por amostragem, em crianças matriculadas de 1ª a 4ª série do ensino fundamental nos estabelecimentos educacionais da rede pública e particular, a partir de informações obtidas junto ao setor da educação. A investigação adotou uma abordagem quantitativa/descritiva, de caráter epidemiológico. O instrumento utilizado foi a artilha Epidemiológica, já testada em nossa realidade em estudo semelhante, em que se focou a faixa etária de 0 a 6 anos. Esta foi elaborada para abordar os profissionais da educação e, no presente, foi utilizada junto a professores responsáveis por salas de 1ª a 4ª série do ensino fundamental do sistema público e particular do município. Além do número de casos e de suas características, a Cartilha também permite investigar os fatores de risco associados e os indicadores comportamentais/emocionais das crianças assinaladas. Respeitando-se o princípio da aleatoriedade, procedeu-se a um sorteio das escolas, por região da cidade, tendo chegado a um número de 151 professores entrevistados responsáveis por 3.885 crianças. Os resultados indicaram uma prevalência de 3,9% que calculada para a população varia entre 3,3% e 4,6% (IC=95%). Os tipos de maus-tratos assinalados, mais freqüentemente, pelos professores foram Maltrato Emocional, Abandono Emocional e Falta de Controle Parental. O Desemprego, (32%), dificuldades econômicas graves (26%) e baixa escolaridade (26%) foram os fatores de risco mais freqüentemente assinalados nas famílias. 75% das crianças assinaladas têm problemas escolares, parecem não ter interesse em aprender (62%) e parecem ter baixa auto-estima (57%). Ainda, os professores relataram que, pelo menos 72% dos casos assinalados não eram conhecidos dos órgãos oficiais de proteção. Isso significa que em cada sala de aula existe pelo menos uma criança que está vivendo uma situação adversa em casa sem receber qualquer tipo de acompanhamento, confirmando as indicações da literatura quanto ao fato de os dados oficiais serem a ponta do iceberg. Além disso, as crianças assinaladas já estão apresentando conseqüências desenvolvimentais importantes. A negligência como tipo mais freqüente merece ser melhor compreendida em estudos posteriores, devido aos graves danos que provoca às crianças. Em relação aos fatores de risco, os professores assinalaram mais freqüentemente o fato de os adultos das famílias estarem desempregados, passando por dificuldades econômicas e de possuírem baixa escolaridade. Contudo, neste âmbito, o fato de os professores terem pouco conhecimento a respeito das famílias sobressai-se em relação ao que sabem, denotando uma enorme distância entre a família e escola, que deveria ser minorada. / FALEIROS, J.M. Prevalence of maltreatment in children from 7 to 10 years old studying in public and private schools in the city of Ribeirão Preto. 150 p. (Másters degree) Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto. 2006. Child maltreatment has become a focus of concern in scientific literature mainly because of the discoveries of the serious outcomes to child development. In social and politician circles, however, this issue and its serious consequences, seems to walk slowly in the direction of the establishment of effective politics. The lack of statistics and the absence of knowledge about the diverse situations of child maltreatment permits that the problematic still receives insignificant adequate and specialized attention. Scientific literature points the probable existence of a great number of cases that is not known despite the numbers showed by protection agencies. The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of maltreatment in children (from 7 to 10 years old) in the city of Ribeirão Preto. A representative sample was used gathering children from public and private schools. Teachers were interviewed answering The Cartilha Epidemiológica already tested in our reality in a similar study for children from 0 to 6 years old. Besides the number of cases and its characteristics, the Cartilha allows investigating the risk factors associated to the child maltreatment and behavioral/emotional problems of the children refereed by teachers. A descriptive/quantitative approach was used to analyze data. 151 teachers who were responsible for 3885 children answered the Cartilha. The results pointed a prevalence of 3,9% (3,3% and 4,6% ,IC=95%). The most frequently types of child maltreatment were: ?Emotional Maltreatment, Emotional Abandonment and Lack of Parental Supervision. The unemployment, (32%), serious economic difficulties (26%) and low level of education (26%) had been the risk factors more frequently in the childrens families. With respect to the behavioral/emocional problems, 75% of children had school problems, 62% had no interest in learning and 57% had low self-esteem. Teachers pointed as well that at least 72% of the maltreated children didn`t receive any attention of protective services. This means that in each classroom exist at least on child suffering form maltreatment without receive any help. These results also confirm the indications of literature with respect to the fact that official data is just the tip of iceberg. Moreover, all these children are presenting important desenvolvimentais outcomes. The negligence as the most frequent form of maltreatment deserves to be better understood in posterior studies. In relation to the risk factors, teachers frequently pointed the unemployment of the adults of the families passing thru economic difficulties and low rates of education. However, is important to consider the fact that teachers have insignificant knowledge about the families denoting an enormous distance between family and school that should be reduced.