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Cette thèse porte sur l’implication du remix dans la création plastique à l’ère de la dématérialisation numérique. Beaucoup d’éléments comme la technicité du médium, la malléabilité des contenus, la banalisation de la transgression du droit d’auteur ou la mise à disposition sans précédent de matériaux, impactent directement la création. Tout ceci donne lieu à de multiples stratégies de création par, pour, avec ou hors Internet. Les œuvres sont ouvertes, processuelles, interactives. L’art numérique est foisonnant et le remix y occupe une place de choix. C’est donc dans la longue histoire du remix artistique et dans celle inédite de la création numérique que j’ai choisi d’inscrire une recherche création. Artiste depuis plus de dix ans, j’ai eu à articuler une « recherche > création » (« sur l’art » et sur mes œuvres passées) et une « création > recherche » (sur mes œuvres en train de se faire). Lors de la « recherche > création », l’hypothèse de la filiation de mon travail avec le remix numérique m’a conduit à saisir, d’un point de vue théorique, les termes de la rencontre fructueuse du remix avec l’art numérique, puis à faire une analyse de sept de mes œuvres passées. Elle a souligné la portée critique et la diversité de mes remix et de leurs dominantes : la mise en jeu du droit d’auteur ; le rapport au temps et à l’interactivité ; la critique de l’abondance informationnelle ; et la collection, intention et principe de création. Cette « recherche > création » n’a pris tout son sens qu’avec la création de trois nouvelles œuvres lors de la « création > recherche ». La poursuite de mon hypothèse m’a invité à mettre en jeu la définition couramment admise du remix réflexif, notamment sa portée référentielle. Mes dernières œuvres sont nées de cette rupture et d’une intention non plus critique, mais expérimentale. Elles m’ont permis de distinguer un « remix distancié » qui va plus loin que le remix réflexif dans le sens d’une complète dissolution de l’original qui lui a donné vie. / The focus in this thesis is on the implications of remix in the art field within the digital dematerialisation era. Many elements like the technicality of the medium, the malleability of the contents, the banalisation of copyright infringement or the unprecedented availability of materials impact creation directly. All this has given birth to multiple creation strategies by, for, with or out of the Internet. Artworks are open, processual, interactive. Digital art is a flourishing movement and remix occupies a key place within. It is thus in the long history of artistic remix and the new emerging history of digital creation that I chose to enrol in a research creation. As an artist for more than ten years, I have had to articulate a ‘research > creation’ (‘on art’ and my past artworks) and a ‘creation > research’ (on my artworks in progress). During the period of ‘research > creation’, the assumption of the filiation of my work to digital remix led me to examine, from a theoretical point of view, the terms of the fruitful encounter between remix and digital art and then to apply the analysis to seven of my previous artworks. This brought to light the critical range and the diversity of my own remix and their dominance: the liability of the copyright; the relationship to time and interactivity; the criticism of informational abundance; and the collection as an intention and a principle of creation. This ‘research > creation’ has been ‘rendered real’ with the creation of three new artworks during the ‘creation > research’. The exploration of my hypothesis led me to jeopardise the generally accepted definition of reflexive remix, in particular its referential range. My latest artworks were born from this disruption and of an intention which was no longer critical, but experimental. These artworks enabled me to distinguish a ‘outpaced remix’ which goes beyond reflexive remix in the direction of a complete dissolution of the original from which each one derived.

Cette oeuvre d'art web (Net Art) est une perfonnance d'art relationnel où un joueur ou interacteur entre dans un dialogue, par le jeu, avec l'interface. Mon dispositif en ligne est accessible sur le site http://www.genevicvegilbert.com. Ce jeu-parcours interactif se veut être une expérience sociale à partir de certaines actions de la vie quotidienne. En explorant ce téléjeu (Chevassu, 1995, p.136), l'interacteur apprend à connaître les participants à des perfonnances filmées pendant trois rituels banals de la vie de tous les jours. Dans un esprit ludique et participatif, l'interacteur peut choisir d'interagir et d'écouter les rencontres entre les trois protagonistes et moi-même. Il côtoie Pascale, Patrick ou Simon et les observe passer par des étapes d'attente, de toilettage et enfin, de rendez-vous: des actions banales qui mènent à un échange souvent drôle, spontané et inattendu. Les participants ont accepté d'être les cobayes de mon investigation sur les processus opératifs du désir dans le quotidien. Au sein du ludiciel, J'interacteur peut choisir dans quel ordre franchir les scènes. Il accumule des points en manipulant des éléments visuels et sonores, et découvre quelques vignettes vidéo cachées derrière un certain nombre d'artefacts. Il peut donc expérimenter Je jeu dans le but d'accumuler des points ou simplement en déambulant de manière exploratoire dans chacun des trois mondes. Cette oeuvre interactive utilisant les techniques et supports reliés à l'Internet à été précédée de plusieurs prototypes, et testée par des groupes témoins. Un rapport d'enquête a été mené à terme et Je public cible de choix se trouve âgé de treize à trente-trois ans. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Internet, Net art, Webart, Jeu, Ludiciel, Communication, Interaction, Participation, Relation, Art, Performance, Théâtre quotidien, Multimédia, Design, Vidéo.

Using the hypothesis that interaction with net art can be categorised, the primary purpose of the research was to generate a taxonomy of this interaction. Emphasis is given to interactive web based works that require the user to participate by contributing material to the piece. An initial period of contextualisation was required to position net art within contemporary arts culture this included an examination of previous attempts at categorising interactivity and the exploration of connected historical art practices. Most previous attempts at categorisation either characterise types of interactive work, or detail specific interactive characteristics the work itself may have. This aim of this thesis was to take an alternative approach by focusing on the interaction itself in order to create a taxonomy. To establish this characterisation of interactivity, several practical pieces of internet art were created that doubled as data collection tools. The main outcome of this project resulted in the development of my own Connected, Partially Connected and Unconnected ( C.P.U.) model of interactivity. This in turn necessitated the examination of the interactive process which resulted in defining a loop of interaction . This loop of interaction specifies several separate phases to the interactive process, the C.P.U. model of interactivity occupying one of these phases. This thesis primarily provides a platform with which to further interrogate interaction with net art. An unexplored area of Human Computer Interaction (HCI) that is specific to net art has been identified and is therefore of use to theorists and researchers working in this area. It is also of use to artists enabling them to better understand how interaction is understood within the context of their own practice.

À partir des années soixante, les nouvelles technologies ont colonisé les champs culturels. Prenant acte de cette puissance technologique, les artistes se sont mis à transformer ces dispositifs en outils de recherche esthétique. C'est ainsi que le Web est devenu un support à la fois pour les oeuvres d'art numérique et la réalisation de net oeuvres, et pour une mise en réseau universelle. Dans le même contexte, des critiques, des théoriciens et des philosophes ont annoncé un état de crise (comme l'avaient mentionné Aude de Kerros, Jean-Pierre Béland, Yves Michaud, Véronique Fabbri, Daniel Lagoutte, etc.). Selon eux, cet état est dû à un manque de communication et à une dissolution des courants artistiques, voire à une perte progressive de la communication entre les artistes. Comme le Web, l'e-mailing a généré plusieurs fantasmes de communication, il a institué également la réactivité et l'interactivité entre des individus. Pour cela, j'ai choisi d'approfondir mes recherches en thèse sur des pratiques artistiques qui peuvent toucher la crise de la communication et qui sollicitent une mise en réseau des artistes. Progrès pratique : En 2006, j'ai reçu un e-mail contenant une oeuvre scannée de l'artiste belge Luc Fierens. J'ai transmis cette image à environ 7000 adresses e-mails d'artistes en sollicitant leurs interactions, afin d'acquérir presque 200 contributions et réponses dont quelques-unes sont exposées sur le blog suivant : http://ramziturki.artblog.fr/11/. Mon acte consiste à analyser et à mettre en valeur la communication entre les artistes à travers un outil télé-communicationnel contemporain. / Since the sixties, new technologies have conquered cultural areas. Thanks to technological power, artists have transformed these technologies into tools of aesthetic research. Thus, the web has become a medium for digital art as well as network design in addition to establishing universal networking. In the same context, criticizers, thinkers and philosophers have announced a state of crisis (As announced by Aude de Kerros, Jean-Pierre Béland, Yves Michaud, Veronica Fabbri, Daniel Lagoutte, etc.). According to them, this crisis is due to lack of communication and dissolution of artistic movements, surely progressive loss of communication between artists. In the Web world, email has emerged several communication fantasies. It has also established the reactivity and the interactivity between people. For this, my research Thesis focuses on artistic practices that impact positively on communication between artists. This research also proposes an artist networking. Practical progress:In 2006, I received an email containing a scanned work of Luc Fierens, a Belgian artist. I emailed this work to nearly 7000 addresses of artists to solicit their interactions. This is to acquire about 200 contributions and answers, some of which are described on the blog: http://ramziturki.artblog.fr/11/. My Thesis aims to analyze and enhance the communication between artists via tools of modern communication.

Esta dissertação tem como foco central a investigação acerca das narrativas visuais produzidas por câmeras celulares e veiculadas nas redes sociais, particularmente no Instagram. Explora como a tecnologia dos dispositivos móveis, somada ao movimento do corpo e do olho, contribui para uma nova estética de produção de imagens do cotidiano. O estudo tem como contexto a cidade de São Paulo e também explora as novas formas de documentar e de se relacionar com o espaço urbano, a partir da produção e veiculação de imagens na internet. A pesquisa se concentra no viés poético das imagens produzidas, mediadas e veiculadas no Instagram e investigará o contexto e a natureza das imagens das redes sociais, que se apresentam de forma fragmentada, em um processo de publicação contínuo, em um scroll vertical infinito, na tela do usuário do aplicativo. Explorará as possibilidades de construção de linguagem, na chave da artemídia, e seus respectivos atributos tecnológicos e estéticos. Investigará paralelamente como se dá a edição e subjetivação dessas narrativas, construídas em tempo real, indagando qual o papel do autor, do curador e do editor quando o processo se torna colaborativo. A imagem mobile será pensada por meio de imagens, a partir de um ensaio autoral: uma compilação de narrativas reunidas no caderno Imageria urbana, realizadas com imagens mobile a partir de apropriações e edições coletivas ou individuais, organizadas pelos tagueamentos de dados algorítmicos, pelos sinais \"#\" (hashtags precedidas da palavra-chave) e por pins de geolocalização. Essa publicação constitui simultaneamente o objeto de estudo teórico e prático desta pesquisa e representa alguns lugares da cidade de São Paulo por meio da estética de dados. A partir desse material -- e suas imbricações interdisciplinares -- oferecemos os subsídios teóricos para aprofundarmos na linguagem poética das narrativas visuais das redes. / This dissertation aims at investigating visual narratives produced by mobile cameras and posted on social networks, specifically Instagram. Exploring how mobile device technology, coupled with the movement of body and eye, contributes to new aesthetic of production on everyday imaging. The city of São Paulo comes as the study\'s context and explores new ways to register and to relate to the urban space stemming from the production and posting of images online. The research focuses on poetic bias of the produced images mediated and shown on Instagram and investigates the context and nature of the images on social networks, which are presented in a piecemeal fashion, in a continuous process of posting through endless vertical scroll on the app\'s user screen. The work will explore the possibilities of language construction from artmedia point of view, and its respective technological and aesthetic attributes. In addition, it will investigate how editing and subjectivity of these narratives take place, built in real time, inquiring the role of the author, of the curator and of the editor when the process becomes collaborative. The mobile image will have images brought through an authorial essay; a compilation of narratives gathered in the notebook Urban Imagery, made with mobile images from collective or individual publications and appropriations, organized from algorithm data tagging by the \"#\" (hashtag preceded by keyword) and pins of geolocation. Such publication is both the theoretical and practical object of this research study and represents some places of the city of São Paulo through the data aesthetics. From this material -- and its interdisciplinary overlaps -- we provide the theoretical basis to deepen into the poetic language in visual narratives of networks.

Esta dissertação tem como foco central a investigação acerca das narrativas visuais produzidas por câmeras celulares e veiculadas nas redes sociais, particularmente no Instagram. Explora como a tecnologia dos dispositivos móveis, somada ao movimento do corpo e do olho, contribui para uma nova estética de produção de imagens do cotidiano. O estudo tem como contexto a cidade de São Paulo e também explora as novas formas de documentar e de se relacionar com o espaço urbano, a partir da produção e veiculação de imagens na internet. A pesquisa se concentra no viés poético das imagens produzidas, mediadas e veiculadas no Instagram e investigará o contexto e a natureza das imagens das redes sociais, que se apresentam de forma fragmentada, em um processo de publicação contínuo, em um scroll vertical infinito, na tela do usuário do aplicativo. Explorará as possibilidades de construção de linguagem, na chave da artemídia, e seus respectivos atributos tecnológicos e estéticos. Investigará paralelamente como se dá a edição e subjetivação dessas narrativas, construídas em tempo real, indagando qual o papel do autor, do curador e do editor quando o processo se torna colaborativo. A imagem mobile será pensada por meio de imagens, a partir de um ensaio autoral: uma compilação de narrativas reunidas no caderno Imageria urbana, realizadas com imagens mobile a partir de apropriações e edições coletivas ou individuais, organizadas pelos tagueamentos de dados algorítmicos, pelos sinais \"#\" (hashtags precedidas da palavra-chave) e por pins de geolocalização. Essa publicação constitui simultaneamente o objeto de estudo teórico e prático desta pesquisa e representa alguns lugares da cidade de São Paulo por meio da estética de dados. A partir desse material -- e suas imbricações interdisciplinares -- oferecemos os subsídios teóricos para aprofundarmos na linguagem poética das narrativas visuais das redes. / This dissertation aims at investigating visual narratives produced by mobile cameras and posted on social networks, specifically Instagram. Exploring how mobile device technology, coupled with the movement of body and eye, contributes to new aesthetic of production on everyday imaging. The city of São Paulo comes as the study\'s context and explores new ways to register and to relate to the urban space stemming from the production and posting of images online. The research focuses on poetic bias of the produced images mediated and shown on Instagram and investigates the context and nature of the images on social networks, which are presented in a piecemeal fashion, in a continuous process of posting through endless vertical scroll on the app\'s user screen. The work will explore the possibilities of language construction from artmedia point of view, and its respective technological and aesthetic attributes. In addition, it will investigate how editing and subjectivity of these narratives take place, built in real time, inquiring the role of the author, of the curator and of the editor when the process becomes collaborative. The mobile image will have images brought through an authorial essay; a compilation of narratives gathered in the notebook Urban Imagery, made with mobile images from collective or individual publications and appropriations, organized from algorithm data tagging by the \"#\" (hashtag preceded by keyword) and pins of geolocation. Such publication is both the theoretical and practical object of this research study and represents some places of the city of São Paulo through the data aesthetics. From this material -- and its interdisciplinary overlaps -- we provide the theoretical basis to deepen into the poetic language in visual narratives of networks.

Master of Visual Arts / This thesis is an exploration into the ether of the digital aesthetic. It attempts to capture a segment of the continually morphing space then deconstruct and analyse it through electronic and new media art. Herein you will find a questioning of technology and control within electronic and new media art as an investigation into better understanding the current media image and visual culture that so powerfully influences the modern social construct. By nature this argument has existed for some years but only now with advancements in technology and more affordable realisation of ideas by media artists, the topic of the digital aesethetic, technology and control has become relevant for popular debate. As war lingers in our minds, terrorism hits headlines, and experiements in cloning human DNA take place, the technology that society demands can only necessarily be seen as a major contributing factor to today's strange times. However, strange or not, the questions I wish to discuss; Does technology determine contemporary society or do we determine technology? Where does the control exist?

Master of Visual Arts / This thesis is an exploration into the ether of the digital aesthetic. It attempts to capture a segment of the continually morphing space then deconstruct and analyse it through electronic and new media art. Herein you will find a questioning of technology and control within electronic and new media art as an investigation into better understanding the current media image and visual culture that so powerfully influences the modern social construct. By nature this argument has existed for some years but only now with advancements in technology and more affordable realisation of ideas by media artists, the topic of the digital aesethetic, technology and control has become relevant for popular debate. As war lingers in our minds, terrorism hits headlines, and experiements in cloning human DNA take place, the technology that society demands can only necessarily be seen as a major contributing factor to today's strange times. However, strange or not, the questions I wish to discuss; Does technology determine contemporary society or do we determine technology? Where does the control exist?

Notre thèse appréhende le domaine de l'art numérique du côté de la " réception ", c'est-à-dire dans l'espace où se joue la rencontre entre l'œuvre et les publics. Plus exactement, nous concevons l'activité des publics comme une interaction avec l'œuvre numérique, ainsi nous cherchons à comprendre comment les publics co-construisent du sens avec l'œuvre. Nos investigations partent de deux types de terrain. Dans le premier, nous rencontrons des publics-visiteurs d'expositions et dans le second des publics-internautes de sites net art. Nous considérons l'installation numérique et l'œuvre net art comme possibles qui se révèlent dans l'interaction avec les publics. Nous mettons en œuvre une méthodologie qualitative, pleinement ancrée dans l'approche compréhensive des phénomènes humains, pour analyser les interactions des publics avec les œuvres. Après un recueil de données de type ethnographique, nous appliquons deux méthodes d'analyse : la sémiotique situationnelle d'Alex Mucchielli et la théorisation ancrée de Pierre Paillé. Ce travail de thèse permet ainsi de rendre intelligible la manière dont les publics participent au dispositif de l'œuvre. Cette compréhension en situation de " réception " donne inévitablement des axes pour repenser les manières de faire en situation de " conception ", les interactions des publics avec l'œuvre participant dans des boucles de rétroactions aux créations des artistes et à leur médiatisation.