Este trabalho busca compreender como elementos das diferentes abordagens de administração pública (Administração Pública Burocrática, Nova Administração Pública e Novo Serviço Público) encontrados no Departamento Estadual de Trânsito do Rio Grande do Sul – Detran/RS interferem no relacionamento da Autarquia com o cidadão. Para atingir os objetivos propostos, a base teórica da pesquisa constitui-se, além do estudo das supracitadas teorias da administração pública, do conceito de valor público e de um panorama sobre o relacionamento com o cidadão por parte das instituições públicas. Uma análise documental foi realizada, seguida de entrevistas semiestruturadas com o corpo diretivo da instituição, com servidores que atuam no atendimento ao público e com os cidadãos. Os dados coletados foram estudados a partir da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Buscou-se identificar elementos que evidenciem o papel do Detran/RS na sociedade na visão das unidades de análise, o modelo de gestão predominante, a percepção sobre valor público e as dificuldades e perspectivas sobre o relacionamento da instituição com os cidadãos por ela atendidos. Os resultados indicaram a predominância dos modelos da Administração Pública Burocrática e da Nova Administração Pública, que coexistem com vários dos seus elementos na instituição analisada. A identificação de uma escassa visão sobre um modelo de administração participativo, como o proposto pelo Novo Serviço Público, somada a elementos burocráticos, como a necessidade de extensa documentação, e a elementos gerenciais, como a terceirização de serviços essenciais, permitem a conclusão de que contribuem para um ambiente hostil para o cidadão que, além de ter de enfrentar dificuldades para o cumprimento de serviços solicitados, mantém-se distante da esfera pública. / This thesis seeks to understand how elements of the different approaches of public administration (Bureaucratic Public Administration, New Public Management and New Public Service) found in the Department of Transit of Rio Grande do Sul - Detran/RS interferes in its relationship with the citizen. In order to reach the proposed objectives, the theoretical basis of the research constitutes, besides the study of the above-mentioned theories of the public administration, the concept of public value and a panorama on the relationship with the citizen by the public institutions. A documental analysis was carried out, followed by semi-structured interviews with the institution's governing body, with public servants whose work is respond to the citizens and with the citizens themselves. The data collected were studied using the content analysis technique. It sought to identify elements that demonstrate the role of Detran/RS in society in the view of the units of analysis, the predominant management model, the perception about public value and the difficulties and perspectives on the relationship of the institution with the citizens it serves. The results indicated the predominance of the models of the Bureaucratic Public Administration and New Public Administration, which coexist with several of its elements in the analyzed institution. The identification of a scarce vision of a participative management model, such as that proposed by the New Public Service, added to bureaucratic elements, such as the need for extensive documentation, and management elements, such as the outsourcing of essential services, allow the conclusion that they contribute to a hostile environment for the citizen who, in addition to facing difficulties in fulfilling the requested services, remains far from the public sphere.

Este trabalho busca compreender como elementos das diferentes abordagens de administração pública (Administração Pública Burocrática, Nova Administração Pública e Novo Serviço Público) encontrados no Departamento Estadual de Trânsito do Rio Grande do Sul – Detran/RS interferem no relacionamento da Autarquia com o cidadão. Para atingir os objetivos propostos, a base teórica da pesquisa constitui-se, além do estudo das supracitadas teorias da administração pública, do conceito de valor público e de um panorama sobre o relacionamento com o cidadão por parte das instituições públicas. Uma análise documental foi realizada, seguida de entrevistas semiestruturadas com o corpo diretivo da instituição, com servidores que atuam no atendimento ao público e com os cidadãos. Os dados coletados foram estudados a partir da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Buscou-se identificar elementos que evidenciem o papel do Detran/RS na sociedade na visão das unidades de análise, o modelo de gestão predominante, a percepção sobre valor público e as dificuldades e perspectivas sobre o relacionamento da instituição com os cidadãos por ela atendidos. Os resultados indicaram a predominância dos modelos da Administração Pública Burocrática e da Nova Administração Pública, que coexistem com vários dos seus elementos na instituição analisada. A identificação de uma escassa visão sobre um modelo de administração participativo, como o proposto pelo Novo Serviço Público, somada a elementos burocráticos, como a necessidade de extensa documentação, e a elementos gerenciais, como a terceirização de serviços essenciais, permitem a conclusão de que contribuem para um ambiente hostil para o cidadão que, além de ter de enfrentar dificuldades para o cumprimento de serviços solicitados, mantém-se distante da esfera pública. / This thesis seeks to understand how elements of the different approaches of public administration (Bureaucratic Public Administration, New Public Management and New Public Service) found in the Department of Transit of Rio Grande do Sul - Detran/RS interferes in its relationship with the citizen. In order to reach the proposed objectives, the theoretical basis of the research constitutes, besides the study of the above-mentioned theories of the public administration, the concept of public value and a panorama on the relationship with the citizen by the public institutions. A documental analysis was carried out, followed by semi-structured interviews with the institution's governing body, with public servants whose work is respond to the citizens and with the citizens themselves. The data collected were studied using the content analysis technique. It sought to identify elements that demonstrate the role of Detran/RS in society in the view of the units of analysis, the predominant management model, the perception about public value and the difficulties and perspectives on the relationship of the institution with the citizens it serves. The results indicated the predominance of the models of the Bureaucratic Public Administration and New Public Administration, which coexist with several of its elements in the analyzed institution. The identification of a scarce vision of a participative management model, such as that proposed by the New Public Service, added to bureaucratic elements, such as the need for extensive documentation, and management elements, such as the outsourcing of essential services, allow the conclusion that they contribute to a hostile environment for the citizen who, in addition to facing difficulties in fulfilling the requested services, remains far from the public sphere.

Este trabalho busca compreender como elementos das diferentes abordagens de administração pública (Administração Pública Burocrática, Nova Administração Pública e Novo Serviço Público) encontrados no Departamento Estadual de Trânsito do Rio Grande do Sul – Detran/RS interferem no relacionamento da Autarquia com o cidadão. Para atingir os objetivos propostos, a base teórica da pesquisa constitui-se, além do estudo das supracitadas teorias da administração pública, do conceito de valor público e de um panorama sobre o relacionamento com o cidadão por parte das instituições públicas. Uma análise documental foi realizada, seguida de entrevistas semiestruturadas com o corpo diretivo da instituição, com servidores que atuam no atendimento ao público e com os cidadãos. Os dados coletados foram estudados a partir da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Buscou-se identificar elementos que evidenciem o papel do Detran/RS na sociedade na visão das unidades de análise, o modelo de gestão predominante, a percepção sobre valor público e as dificuldades e perspectivas sobre o relacionamento da instituição com os cidadãos por ela atendidos. Os resultados indicaram a predominância dos modelos da Administração Pública Burocrática e da Nova Administração Pública, que coexistem com vários dos seus elementos na instituição analisada. A identificação de uma escassa visão sobre um modelo de administração participativo, como o proposto pelo Novo Serviço Público, somada a elementos burocráticos, como a necessidade de extensa documentação, e a elementos gerenciais, como a terceirização de serviços essenciais, permitem a conclusão de que contribuem para um ambiente hostil para o cidadão que, além de ter de enfrentar dificuldades para o cumprimento de serviços solicitados, mantém-se distante da esfera pública. / This thesis seeks to understand how elements of the different approaches of public administration (Bureaucratic Public Administration, New Public Management and New Public Service) found in the Department of Transit of Rio Grande do Sul - Detran/RS interferes in its relationship with the citizen. In order to reach the proposed objectives, the theoretical basis of the research constitutes, besides the study of the above-mentioned theories of the public administration, the concept of public value and a panorama on the relationship with the citizen by the public institutions. A documental analysis was carried out, followed by semi-structured interviews with the institution's governing body, with public servants whose work is respond to the citizens and with the citizens themselves. The data collected were studied using the content analysis technique. It sought to identify elements that demonstrate the role of Detran/RS in society in the view of the units of analysis, the predominant management model, the perception about public value and the difficulties and perspectives on the relationship of the institution with the citizens it serves. The results indicated the predominance of the models of the Bureaucratic Public Administration and New Public Administration, which coexist with several of its elements in the analyzed institution. The identification of a scarce vision of a participative management model, such as that proposed by the New Public Service, added to bureaucratic elements, such as the need for extensive documentation, and management elements, such as the outsourcing of essential services, allow the conclusion that they contribute to a hostile environment for the citizen who, in addition to facing difficulties in fulfilling the requested services, remains far from the public sphere.

abstract: In 2008, South Korea suffered a great loss of public trust in government. Since May 2, 2008, street protests against U.S. beef imports and the April 2008 beef agreement continued for more than 100 days. These public protests started with peaceful candlelight vigils but some of them turned violent in the end of May. According to a white paper on the protests published by the Seoul Central District Prosecutors' Office, for 106 days from May 2 until Aug. 15, there were 2,398 separate rallies drawing 932,000 people. Among them, 1,476 protesters were indicted for participating in illegal and violent protests. 100 police officers suffered serious injuries and 401 light ones. 88 civilians were seriously injured. The South Korean National Assembly had to remain idle for more than 80 days due to numerous political debates and the approval rating of President Myung-Bak Lee plummeted from 40 percent range to near 20 percent during the protest period. This Dissertation started from a question of why people were so angry against their government. The whole process of the U.S.-South Korea Beef negotiation was reviewed, focusing on whether or not Korean government and its negotiators tried to make a domestic agreement with people. For the purpose, this dissertation developed an integrated framework by the combination of the two level-game theory with the advocacy coalition framework. The framework was also used to investigate the effect of external factors outside the Korean policy-making system of the beef negotiation. The framework reviewed win-set changes of both countries, especially focusing on the change of Korean win-set size. Then, the whole process of the beef negotiation in the dissertation framework was interpreted in the aspect of the New Public Service. This interpretation gave the dissertation the theoretical importance, showing the way in which the interpretation contributed to the decision-making theory. Findings in the dissertation revealed that there was a deep disagreement between what Korean government wanted and what Korean people actually desired. Finally, this dissertation considered how public administrators could increase communication with their people in the Korean policy-making system. Janet and Robert Denhardt's shared values approach to the public interest and the decision-making process would be one answer. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Public Administration 2012

立法院由立法委員所組成，依據憲法之規範，負責審議行政機關函送之議案，而行政機關為增進雙方互動，順暢相關法案、預算案之審議，設有國會聯絡人負責前揭事項之推動與協調，以期完成政策合法化之作業。因各部會業務迥異，國會動態變化莫測，導致國會聯絡工作困難度增加，故如何尋求良方，提升政策合法化之成效，並促進國會聯絡工作經驗之累積與傳承，實為本研究關注之焦點。 　　2000年Denhardt氏提出新公共服務之概念，適逢我國首次完成政黨輪替，在意識形態掛帥、政黨情勢緊繃、行政立法互動不佳之情況下，可否藉由新公共服務所倡導之信任合作、公共利益、服務、共享等核心價值，來改善行政立法之互動關係，及促進國會聯絡工作與推動策略之進行，實值得進行探討，故本研究乃以新公共服務之面向切入，期能建構出具體之國會聯絡工作推動策略。 　　本研究以深度訪談及參與觀察等質化研究方法，蒐集多位立法委員、資深國會助理、資深議事人員、資深國會聯絡主管及人員之寶貴意見，並經由內容分析法進行資料分析，發現新公共服務所倡導的信任合作、公共利益、服務、共享等理念，確能增進行政機關首長、國會聯絡人與立法委員、國會助理間之互信、互動，也能凝聚為民服務之共識，在維護公共利益之前提下，共同完成政策合法化的目標。 　　最後，本研究呼籲應建立新公共服務之國會聯絡工作、掌握化解法案及預算案之負面因素，並對機關首長、業務單位、國會聯絡人及議事運作等方面，提出順暢國會聯絡之具體建議；期能拋磚引玉，與行政機關國會聯絡先進相互討論，並提供新進人員之參考運用。 / The Legislative Yuan is composed of legislators, and according to the stipulations of constitution the legislature will deliberate the bills submitted to it by the executive branch. In order to facilitate mutual interaction, speed up review of relevant drafts, deliberation of appropriation bill, congressional liaison personnel is established at the executive branch and they will be responsible for the facilitation and coordination of the above-mentioned issues so as to complete the operation of policy legitimation. Since the business of every department varies and trends of development at the congress fluctuate, it has led to further difficulty for congressional liaison. Therefore, it is the crux of this study as what resolution can be achieved to enhance the efficiency of policy legitimation as well as facilitate the accumulation and pass-over of liaison work in the congress. 　　In year 2000, Robert Denhardt and Janet Denhardt put forth the concept of the new public service, and then it happened to be the time of the first rotation of political party in our country. Nonetheless, under the context of ideology that commands all, tensed relationship between parties, unfavorable interaction between the legislative and the executive branch it is wondered that if such core values as trust, cooperation, public interest, service, and sharing proposed by the new public service can be exploited to improve the interactive relationship between the legislative and executive as well as to facilitate congressional liaison work and impetus of strategy. It is, indeed, a task that deserves much investigation, and it is why this study has attempted to cut into the investigation from the aspect of the new public service, and hope to construe substantial impetus strategy for congressional liaison work. 　　This study would employ qualitative research methods as in-depth interview and participant-as-observation to collect precious opinions from several legislators, senior congress’ assistant, senior session staff, and senior congressional liaison head and personnel. Then, content analysis method is used to conduct information analysis, and it is found that ideas as trust, cooperation, public interest, service, and sharing proposed by the new public service can enhancing the interaction and mutual trust among heads of executive branch, congressional liaison personnel, legislator, congress’ assistant as well as coalesce the consensus to render service to the mass. Therefore, the objective to jointly furnish policy legitimation can be done under the pretext to maintain and preserve public interest. 　　At length, this study calls upon the establishment of congressional liaison work for the new public service so as to master and resolve those negative factors for legislation draft and budget bill, and put forth substantial suggestions that can help smoothen congressional liaison with regard to department head, business branch, congressional liaison personnel, and session operation. It would hope that it can turn itself as pioneer in this regard to solicit further opinions and advices so as conduct mutual discussions with those seniors, and the results of which can be cited as reference for novice of the congressional liaison.

2000年Denhardt夫婦提出了新公共服務理論，且於2003年及2007年出書，詳細論述此理論的7項核心理念：服務公民而非服務顧客、公共利益的追尋、重視公民精神更勝於企業精神、策略思維與民主行動、理解「課責」並非單純簡易的事、服務而非導航、重視人性價值而非生產力。而隨著民主的蓬勃發展，自我意識亦隨之高漲，對於公共議題的關注及公共利益的追求，伴隨著公民社會的形成，全球民主國家亦極力於促成公民社會的實踐。基於新公共服務及公民社會在時代的發展歷程中重要角色，國家之中央及地方各級政府組織應致力於運用與實踐，以落實地方治理，進而達成全球化下國家之競爭力。 村、里是政府地方自治制度中最基層的組織，地方制度法所明定之鄉、鎮、市、區內部編組。而村（里）長，受鄉村（鎮、市、區）長之指揮監督，辦理村（里）公務及交辦事項。本研究以基隆市里辦公處為個案，運用文獻分析法及深度訪談法，建立新公共服務與里辦公處的組織與功能兩者的關係，探討基隆市里辦公處如何本著為民服務之精神，運用新公共服務理念，繼續發揮其時代功能，進而順利達成最基層在地化的為民服務工作，並期能提供相關實務建議。 / In 2000, Robert B. Denhardt & Janet V. Denhardt put forward the theory of new public service and published books in 2003 and 2007 to discuss 7 core ideas in detail: serve the public but not the customers, pursue public interest, place more emphasis on civic spirit than enterprise spirit, strategic thought and democratic action, understand that accountability is not just a simple issue, serve but not navigate, value humanity but not productivity. With the prosperous development of democracy, self-awareness is also enhanced. As to the concerns on public issues and pursuit of public interest, together with the formation of a civil society, global democratic nations also try every effort to promote the implementation of a public society. Based on the important role played by public service and civil society on era development programs, the central and local governments and organizations should commit to application and put local governance into practice so as to achieve national competitiveness in the context of globalization. Villages and neighborhoods are the most fundamental organizations in the local autonomous system. The Local Government System Act specifies the sub-groups consisting of the villages, towns, cities and districts. Besides, the village (neighborhood) head is directed and supervised by heads of the towns, cities and districts to deal with the affairs of the village (neighborhood). This study, taking the neighborhood affairs office in Keelung City as the study case, applies literature review and in-depth interview methods to explore and establish the relationship between organizations as well as the functions of new public service and the neighborhood affairs office. It also aims to determine how the Keelung neighborhood affairs office employs the concept of new public service to continue its functions in the spirit of service, so as to successfully achieve the goal that the most fundamental organization serves the local people. This study is expected to provide related practical suggestions.

New Public Management has been the prevailing governance model in public sector administration since the late 1980s. In 2005, OECD-DAC member states adopted the resultsbased management model ‘Paris Agenda for Aid Effectiveness’, building on new public management theory and values. The aim was to achieve more effective aid by coordinatingand harmonising donor efforts, aligning development interventions and funding, supporting national ownership and propelling a result- and accountability culture by demonstrating achievements.Despite its worthy ambitions the Aid Effectiveness Agenda has paradoxically failed todeliver on its own outcomes. The results-based management framework underpinning theagenda has proven to be highly complex in methodology, interpretation and application. The framework is laborious and burdensome, diverting time from ‘ordinary’ work and risking a bureaucratization of the development aid sector. The ‘measurement fever’ has grippeddonors and agencies alike, and is now mainly driven by donors’ domestic accountability concerns, rather than the real needs of developing countries. More alarmingly, it has not onlyhad numerous unintended consequences but also outright adverse effects. This in turnen dangers long-term human development.This study sets out to explore to what extent the results-based management framework, based on new public management theory, has been a suitable management model to achieve aid effectiveness in the development aid sector. It departs from the governance theories of Denhardt and Denhardt (2000) and assesses whether New Public Service couldbe a fitting alternative governance model. The study utilizes the realist review methodology,specifically the CMO-configuration, in order to explore how context and mechanisms interact and how this affects the outcome. This study has through its aggregative and configurativeambition explored 26 scholarly articles in the time frame of 2011 to 2021 in order to draw conclusions.The review has found that the results-based management framework does not support the underlying theory of change that is imperative to achieve the Aid Effectiveness Agenda.Contextual factors are found to impede implementation, although due to being under research edit is difficult to determine to what extent. Further, none of the five mechanisms ofthe Paris Declaration can neither fully nor partially be said to contribute to ‘aid effectiveness’as defined in the Aid Effectiveness Agenda. Rather, the review has found that the literatureall point to numerous adverse effects of its implementation.This study concludes that the New Public Service governance model, at least intheory, could prove to be a more suitable management model for the development aidsector. Since the sector is neither linear nor predictable as the business sector for whichthe framework was developed, it is not surprising that adverse effects abound. Especiallysince the development aid sector is highly complex with a multitude of actors, politicalincentives and not least challenging implementational environments. In contrast, New Public Service places the citizen at the centre and aspire at buildingdemocratic citizenship and community through citizen participation and dialogue. Such analternative governance model built on democratic theory and participative epistemologyhas the potential to democratize governance practices by replacing the vertical top-downprincipal-agent dynamics of new public management with more horizontal forms of citizeninvolvement, co-determination and mutual accountability. New Public Service stresses the‘serving not steering’ aspect of governance, which would open up for a more authenticdiscourse of recipients owning development in their own society and setting the direction.No systematic review has previously been carried out to assess governance models inrelation to achieving the Aid Effectiveness Agenda. In fact, there is very little research onwhat has worked or not regarding the agenda. This thesis sets out to fill this gap and tocontribute to the discussion of governance models on a theoretical level. It is also anempirical contribution to applied development management regarding insights about whatcontexts and mechanisms affect aid effectiveness.

本研究側重於探索性和描述性的研究，討論英國自一九七九年至二○○二年期間的文官制度改革，藉由對於英國文官制度改革的相關文獻的蒐集、整理及分析，能夠讓所研究的主題輪廓更為清晰，並且系統化地呈現出英國文官制度發展的脈絡與內容。 本研究之範圍，就研究的時間而言，係自一九七九年至二○○二年期間，涵蓋英國二十餘年來歷經柴契爾、梅傑及布萊爾等三位首相所推動及施行的各項文官制度改革活動為主；就研究的對象而言，係以英國文官為研究對象；就研究的主題而言，則以英國文官制度的主要內容為主，包括文官的考選、任用、陞遷、薪給、福利、考績、保障、培訓、退養及撫卹，乃至文官政策、人事機關等相關活動。 本論文之研究目的，在瞭解英國文官改革的背景與內涵、深入瞭解英國文官改革的重大政策變遷以及英國文官制度發展對我國人事制度興革的啟示。本論文第三章及第四章分別先就英國人事管理體制的轉變及中央人事機關的變革，依發展時間序列進行分析，經由對制度的演進及人事決策機制轉變的瞭解，探索英國一九七九年以來文官改革的啟動、發展及轉折的制度系絡及推動機制。 第五章到第八章中，則體察「組織變革」、「強化領導」、「績效課責」及「服務傳送」等英國文官管理重要改革課題，分別就政署的創制、高級文官職位的發展、課責制度的變革及新公共服務改革之發展及其對文官管理的影響進行分析，詳細敘述其政策內涵，同時注重各項人事管理政策與公共治理相關理論間的連結，評估各項政策結果，以及未來可能發展。 最後，則於第九章中，分別就我國近年來所推動相關之人事興革措施，包括核心價值及核心能力、行政法人化、績效管理制度（考績改革及績效獎金制度）、高階文官甄補等，與英國的文官改革經驗進行比較性的對話，並提出未來我國相關制度的改革方向建議。

2000年Denhardt氏二人提出新公共服務理論，主張「信任合作」、「公共利益」、「服務」、「共享」等理念，強調政府角色的轉變由領航轉變成為服務、重視公民社會與公共利益、注重政府與社區之間的溝通等，以提升公共服務的尊嚴與價值，並確保公共行政的民主、公民資格與公共利益等核心價值。因此，現今政府機關除了講求為民服務，也應該重視人性尊嚴，強調民主參與及公民精神，而公共行政人員也應當自我省思、重新體會服務的意義，以及現代公務人員應有的認知、態度和價值，同時建立民主參與或民主治理的機制，引導公民透過公共事務的參與和意見的表達，共同建立公民社會，以追求公平、正義、關懷等價值之實現。 區公所作為臺北市政府最基層的為民服務單位，其如何提供公共服務並引導民眾參與公共事務、協助公民社會之建立，實有研究之必要。本研究乃從新公共服務面向切入，藉由文獻的回顧與整理，建立新公共服務、公民社會與臺北市區公所三者的關係，並且運用參與觀察法及深度訪談法，蒐集分析區公所人員、里長、社會團體代表及區民對於公共服務及公民參與的認知與看法，以及區公所和與民眾、社區和團體的互動情形，期能對於政府機關、公務人員及民眾在為民服務、公民參與及公民社會的建立上提供相關建議。 本研究發現，臺北市區公所近年來致力於公共服務品質的提升，已獲民眾肯定，而在公私協力合作方面，亦獲得許多社會資源的協助；另一方面，雖然市政府及區公所提供了許多管道讓民眾得以參與公共事務，但民眾之公民參與仍有待加強，而其公民意識亦有待培養。因此，本研究建議，政府機關服務要更主動積極，對於各項活動及政策要加強宣導，並應負起公民教育的責任，與民間團體建立長期的夥伴關係，同時應落實輪調制度、建立內部參與管道並適時激勵員工；公務人員應體認新公共服務精神，把公務生涯當作修行、公共服務當作志業，同時對自己的工作進行反思，透過自我充實，增加智慧解決問題與壓力，以建立服務的心態與熱忱，勇於面對未來的挑戰；而民眾亦應瞭解新公共服務的意涵，提昇自己的公民性格及民主素養，學習尊重別人並為他人服務，積極參與公共事務並承擔社會責任，為公民社會的建立共同努力。 / In 2000, Denhardt and Denhardt unveiled their theory of the new public service to give out such concepts as trust and cooperation, public interest, serving and sharing. They stress the government should change its role from steering to serving, pay attention to civil society and public interest, and lay emphasis upon its communication with communities, so as to boost the importance and value of public service and assert the democracy of public administration and the core value of citizenship and public interest. For the sake, in addition to serve people, the government nowadays should also pay attention to human dignity and encourage democratic participation and civil spirit, while public administrators should reconsider the meaning of service and what knowledge, attitude and values they should learn as a public administrator. Meanwhile, they should establish institutions for democratic participations and democratic rule and find ways for people to establish a civil society through participation in public affairs and expression of personal opinions to pursue the cause of fairness, justice and humanistic concerns. Since district offices are grass-root service unit for Taipei Municipal Government, finding how they offer public service, steer people to participate in public affairs and help establish a civil society is essential. So, focusing on the new public service, the Study managed to establish the links between the new public service, civil society and district offices of Taipei Government by reviewing and taking up the literature available. Furthermore, by means of participant observation and in-depth interview, the Study has succeeded in collecting data about district office staff, li heads, representatives of social group and district residents’ knowledge and views of public service and citizen participation, and interactions between district offices, the general public, communities and social groups. The purpose is to offer ideas to government institutions, government employees, and citizens in general with respect to public service, citizen participation and the establishment of a civil society. As a result, the Study found that the district offices’ efforts at boosting the quality of public service has been approved by the people while obtaining lots of help from many sources in the society for their cooperation program between public and private units. But, on the other hand, though lots of opportunities were offered by Taipei Government and its district offices for people to participate in public affairs, their participation willingness is still be desired and their civil identity is still to be cultivated. So, the Study suggested the government institutions to render their service more positively, boost their policy and activities introduction, bear their responsibilities for civil education, establish long-term partnership with civil groups, enforce rotation system, and establish channels for inside participation so as to encourage the employees at due course. It is expected that government employees will heed the spirit of the new public service and make their career a life-time devotion and public service their cause. They should also examine their jobs critically and try to better themselves so as to solve their problems and pressure with more wisdom while facing future challenge with their readiness to service and enthusiasm. On the part of the citizens, they should learn to understand the meaning of the new public service, uplift their citizen character and breeding, respect others and render service to others, take part in public affairs positively and shoulder their own social responsibility so as to establish a civil society through mutual efforts.

本研究主要目的在瞭解台北縣民力參與警察業務的現況，從警察機關與民力組織兩方面進行，探討應如何整合各類民力參與警察業務？實務上有哪些警察業務適合由民力參與，以及如何提升民力參與意願等問題，期能整合民力資源，作最有效運用，提供警察機關運用民力之參考。本研究主要以台北縣民力參與警察業務為研究範圍，首先以文獻探討研究台北縣民力參與警察業務的現況，再進一步針對台北縣新店警察分局運用民力參與警察業務做個案觀察研究，目的是在瞭解目前新店警察分局成立「全民治安諮詢委員會」運用民力參與警察業務的現況，試圖尋找出一套警察機關策略整合民力運用的機制，以供各警察機關民力運用時之參考。經由實地參與觀察，蒐集相關資料後，再根據深度訪談的分析結果，整理研究發現並提供相關建議。 本研究發現，民力運用制度於日據時代是身分、地位及榮譽的象徵，人民參加的意願相當高，運用民力參與警察業務的內容，亦隨著環境的需求而改變，以前是單純的協助治安維持，後來增加秩序維護，近年來為民服務是相當受重視的工作，而且民力參與警察業務一直受到政治力量的影響，只是程度不同而已。其次，就警察機關依法編組的民力而言，要整合編組成一種民力組織是有困難的，但是義警、民防、社區巡守隊業務功能相近，其業務是可以合併由一個單位辦理，惟民力運用應整體整合運用且整合對象要多元差異，因其特性運用，不只限於依法編組運用的民力，而民力整合的重點在於主管是否用心？是否具有整合的能力？目前運用民參與警察業務注重功能導向，欠缺策略性整合運用機制，而且要整合吸納民意代表參與，避免民力成為政治工具。另外，實務上民力參與警察業務的內容有情資提供、協助勤務執行、預防犯罪宣導、協助學童上下課安全以及協助分駐派出所為民服務工作。最後研究發現民力單位（人員）受到尊重、所提出的問題能獲得解決，是提升他們參與意願的重要因素，而福利制度的好壞，並非提升參與意願的重要因素。 / The purpose of this research was to understand the present situation of civil force participation in police affairs in Taipei County. This research on the integration of all kinds of civil forces assisting police affairs covered two areas: police administrations and civil organizations. We were interested in finding out what kind of police work is suitable for civil forces and how to encourage citizen participation in these programs. By doing so, we would like to provide suggestions to police institutions when organizing civil forces so that they may be integrated more effectively, thereby enhancing their continued participation. In this research document analysis was first completed, and then a case study of the Shin-Dian Police Precinct’s “Public Security Consulting Commission” was carried out. Through actual participation and observation, we gathered the data used in this research. Through data analysis of our findings and in-depth interviews, we have provided relevant suggestions for police administrators in this paper. This research reveals that during the Japanese occupation of Taiwan the civil force system was a symbol of identity, status, and honor, and therefore the willingness among the population to participate was quite high. The purpose of the organization also adapted to Taiwan’s changing society. Initially, the force simply maintained public security, but later it took on the work of keeping order. In recent years, the civilian services have been highly valued, but there are problematic aspects. For example, civil forces’ participation in police affairs has always been somewhat connected to influence peddling. In addition, it is difficult to integrate and organize a civil organization as broad as the civil force that is officially managed by the police administrations in Taiwan. However, because vigilantes, civil defenders, and community patrolling squads have similar functions, they can be merged and managed as a single unit. And the subjects integrated should be diverse on certain targets. Because of its utilization characteristics, it is not only confined to the officially arranged civil forces. It was found that the success of civil force integration depends on the expectation of the commander’s involvement with the group and how capable he or she is at organizing the volunteers. Utilizing civil forces to participate in police affairs is a highly functionally oriented undertaking. However, it was found in this study that it lacks strategic integration and utilization. Therefore, the participation of the representatives must be integrated and absorbed in order to prevent the civil forces from becoming political tools. These civil forces are valuable resources providing general intelligence to police, police duty assistance, crime prevention propaganda distribution, security for schoolchildren, and civilian services assistance. Finally, we found that it is not the compensation they receive that inspires the citizens to participate in such civil forces, but rather whether they feel highly valued and if their problems are solved that keeps them in the program.