Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The transformations that have marked the rural areas reflected in a new era productive. What once used to empirical methods to produce, he won a differentiated performance with the arising of industrial Brazil. So the producers went through to the technological moment and the field became targeted as a place to generate income and working hours, until then been seen often as subsistence and housing. However, these changes that emerged over the course of nearly four decades and is recognized as the New Rural Brazilian period, also generated problems such as rural exodus by the exclusion of small producers that did not fit to productive manner and as soon as the city became be attractive by offering jobs generated by the urbanization of the country. Parallel to this phenomenon, the state's sheep industry, which contributed to the historical formation of the southern fields with meat supply to the resorts and the commercialization of wool that yielded profits for the maintenance of property, passed her time of crisis with the entry of synthetic wool in the domestic market, which led producers to direcionarem its production profile of sheep meat and the improvement of lambs for sale. Thus, while Brazil urbanizava up and acquired technology, gaucho producers lost property to the city and properties in short, give up the sheep production. However, what we see is that even after the implementation of management techniques and the profit motive, there are still properties that keeps the same sheep flock without commercial purposes. This paradigm we tried to unravel along this research in order to characterize the producers of São Sepe-RS and determine the purpose of production in profit or pleasure, since it distinguishes the choices in producing for the sale of lambs and production to only consumption of the property. Thus, one can determine the production methodology dedicated to entertainment and a way to produce historical review on sheep. However, what one sees is the lack or poor characterization of this way of thinking in rural areas as opposed to leisure is only seen the what is done in off hours and on rare occasions given Beheerder an emotional bond itself the history of every human being. / As transformações que marcaram o meio rural refletiram-se em uma nova era produtiva. O que antes utilizava-se de métodos empíricos para produzir, ganhou uma performance diferenciada com a advinda do Brasil industrial. Assim, os produtores atravessaram para o momento tecnológico e o campo passou a ser direcionado como um local de geração de renda e jornada de trabalho, até então sido encarado muitas vezes como de subsistência e moradia. No entanto, estas modificações que surgiram com o decorrer de aproximadamente quatro décadas e reconhecido como o período de Novo Rural Brasileiro, também gerou problemas como o êxodo rural pela exclusão de pequenos produtores que não se adaptavam aos moldes produtivos e tão logo a cidade tornou-se atrativa pela oferta de empregos gerados pela urbanização do país. Paralelo a este fenômeno, a ovinocultura gaúcha, que contribuiu para a formação histórica dos campos sulinos com o abastecimento de carne para as estâncias e a comercialização da lã que rendeu lucros para a mantença das propriedades, passava pelo seu momento de crise com a entrada da fibra sintética no mercado nacional, o que levou os produtores a direcionarem sua produção para ovelhas de perfil de carne e o aprimoramento da produção de cordeiros para a venda. Assim, ao passo que o Brasil urbanizava-se e adquiria tecnologia, as propriedades gaúchas perdiam produtores para a cidade e as propriedades em suma, desistiam da produção ovina. No entanto, o que se percebe é que mesmo após a implantação de técnicas administrativas e a busca pelo lucro, ainda assim há propriedades que mantem o rebanho ovino mesmo sem fins comerciais. Este paradigma procurou-se desvendar ao longo desta pesquisa afim de caracterizar os produtores do município de São Sepé-RS e determinar o objetivo da produção em lucro ou lazer, uma vez que distingue-se às escolhas em produzir para a venda de cordeiros e a produção para apenas o consumo da propriedade. Sendo assim, pode-se determinar uma metodologia de produção voltada ao lazer e uma forma de resgate histórico em produzir ovinos. No entanto, o que percebe-se é a falta ou pouca caracterização desta forma de pensamento no meio rural, em contraponto que o lazer é apenas visto como o que se faz em horas de folga e em raras situações determinado como um vínculo emocional a própria história de cada ser humano.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-06-06T16:28:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Monica Vicky Medeiros Oliveira.pdf: 3162019 bytes, checksum: 905dba01aa6772fc7738a971a2623910 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-06T16:28:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Monica Vicky Medeiros Oliveira.pdf: 3162019 bytes, checksum: 905dba01aa6772fc7738a971a2623910 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-27 / This work aims to analyze the impact of clothing manufacturing to the city of Santa Cruz do Capibaribe the rural area of the city, more specifically the community of Magana. In this area, it is possible to clearly observe the effects of so-called rurban and the consequences of the pluriactivity. These two points are the basis of the study of the so-called New Brazilian Rural that, together with the concepts and aspects of the rural and urban, from the theoretical background. Our object of study is located in the rural (Agreste) of Pernambuco that is the focus of many studies, precisely because of its natural barrier mainly to the development of agricultural activities that becomes an importat factor in the development of the pluriactivity. The methodology was based on a case study in which the unit of analysis is some families in the community. Our collection of data was divided into two steps and data analysis was done with the help of a spreadsheet for analyzing both qualitative and quantitative data. We observe the effects of so-called rurban and pluriactivity. The methodology was predominantly qualitative; it was based on a case study with eleven families from the village. We asserted that the clothing manufacturing was motivated by financial reasons and that the agropecuary was inducted by leisure and cultural aspects. We conclude that the pluriactivity brought benefits to the local community like: encouragemnt to children education (not exclusively); changes in the families financial obligations, which is now shared with the housewife; in general terms, it resulted in an increase in the total income of the families that we interviewed; it provided access to consumer goods which were previously inaccessible to these families; a certain degree of rurbanization in the area. / Este trabalho se propõe a analisar os impactos das atividades de confecções do município de Santa Cruz do Capibaribe em sua zona rural, especificamente na vila Magana. Na área rural, é possível observar de maneira mais clara os efeitos do chamado rurbanismo e as consequências geradas pela pluriatividade. Esses dois pontos são a base de estudo do chamado Novo Rural Brasileiro que juntamente com os conceitos e as vertentes do rural e urbano formam o referencial teórico. O objeto deste estudo está situado no Agreste Pernambucano, que é foco de muitos estudos, justamente por seu entrave natural ao desenvolvimento, principalmente, das atividades agropecuárias, o que se torna um fator para o aparecimento da pluriatividade. A metodologia baseou-se em um Estudo de Caso cujas unidades de análise são onze famílias da vila com abordagem predominantemente qualitativa. Verificamos que a confecção é desenvolvida pelo retorno financeiro e a agropecuária é praticada induzida pelo prazer e cultura. Concluímos que a pluriatividade trouxe benefícios para a localidade como: incentivo a educação dos filhos (não com exclusividade); mudança na responsabilidade pela manutenção da família, passando a ser compartilhada com a dona da casa; possibilitou, de modo geral, um aumento da renda total das famílias entrevistadas; possibilitou acesso a bens de consumo duráveis e não duráveis que antes não era possível; e um certo grau de rurbanização na localidade.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The Internet has emerged to overcome the place of the traditional formats of information industry and communication, leading to several changes in them and the world, allowing an exchange of real-time knowledge and the development of interest groups. Thus, the present study, we will discuss the changes occurring in rural areas, emphasizing the process called "rurbanization," primarily due to the advent of the internet in family farming, which now have access to benefits previously considered privilege only of the urban . Thus, the general objective of this study was to identify how is the use and appropriation of the Internet by rural farmers Estrela/RS. It also sought to determine whether, due to this fact, changes in daily life of farmers could be observed, as well as ascertaining the processes that characterize these changes and how they are produced. Faced with these questions, we tried to find answers to questions about the influence of the Internet in everyday family farmers Estrela/RS. The use and appropriation of the Internet by the farmers in rural Estrela/RS, changed the daily lives of residents of rural communities, since the internet has provided an expansion with respect to access to communication and to obtain information, allowing increased access of populations to different materials, such as information about new products, new crops and production techniques, providing farmers with improvements in their practices and an increase in production efficiency. Moreover, the Internet allows an exchange of real-time knowledge and the development of interest groups, through alliances that serve as a tool for building different types of knowledge, experience, skills and abilities that previously were not possible or facilitated. It is believed that the Internet not only end the isolation of the field but also can generate a major change in daily life and imagination of people living there. / A Internet surgiu para superar o lugar dos formatos tradicionais da indústria da informação e da comunicação, desencadeando diversas transformações neles e no mundo, permitindo uma troca de conhecimento em tempo real e o desenvolvimento de grupos de interesses. Sendo assim, na presente pesquisa, serão abordadas as transformações ocorridas no meio rural, ressaltando o processo chamado de rurbanização , principalmente em virtude do advento da internet na agricultura familiar, que passa a ter acesso a vantagens consideradas anteriormente privilégio somente do meio urbano. Para tanto, o objetivo geral desse estudo foi identificar como se dá o uso e a apropriação da internet por agricultores familiares do meio rural de Estrela/RS. Buscou-se também verificar se, devido a este fato, mudanças no cotidiano dos produtores rurais podiam ser observadas, assim como averiguar quais os processos que caracterizam essas mudanças e como são produzidos. Frente a essas questões, procurou-se encontrar resposta para o questionamento sobre qual a influência da internet no cotidiano dos agricultores familiares de Estrela/RS. O uso e a apropriação da internet por parte dos agricultores familiares no meio rural de Estrela/RS, modificou o cotidiano dos moradores das comunidades rurais, uma vez que a internet proporcionou uma ampliação no que diz respeito ao acesso à comunicação e à obtenção de informações, viabilizando um aumento do acesso das populações a diversos conteúdos, tais como informação sobre novos produtos, novas culturas e técnicas de produção, proporcionando aos agricultores melhorias nas suas práticas e um aumento na eficiência da produção. Além disso, a internet possibilita uma troca de conhecimento em tempo real e o desenvolvimento de grupos de interesses, através de alianças que servem como ferramenta para a construção de diferentes tipos de conhecimento, experiências, competências e habilidades que, antes, não seriam possíveis ou facilitadas. Acredita-se que a internet não só acabará com o isolamento do campo como também poderá gerar uma grande alteração no cotidiano e no imaginário das pessoas ali residentes.

Cette thèse étudie le mouvement de la Nouvelle Reconstruction Rurale (NRR) sous l'angle du développement durable, en prenant l'exemple concret du village de Sancha, une communauté rurale de la province du Guangxi en Chine. Initié en 2003, la NRR est un réseau national de projets de développement qui réunit des intellectuels, des étudiants et des organisations dont l'objectif estd'expérimenter différents modèles de développement agricole et rural en Chine. Comme alternative à l'industrialisation agricole, la NRR favorise la coopération entre les petits agriculteurs, le savoir-faire local et l'agro-écologie pour le développement durable de l'agriculture. Afin de comprendre ses caractéristiques institutionnelles, son fonctionnement et son impact, nous avons mené une enquête dans le village de Sancha pour collecter des données sur les comportements socio-économiques de petits exploitants agricoles, et proposé trois études de cas sur la NRR. Nos analyses empiriques suggèrent que la NRR a promu le développement de l'agriculture biologique dans le village. Les activités sociales sont efficaces pour la construction du réseau social via lequell'agriculture biologique a été diffusée rapidement. Néanmoins, sans la formation technique suffisante et continue, les paysans récemment convertis à l'agriculture biologique tendent à sur-utiliser l'azote et perdent leur avantage environnemental dans la riziculture. Pour améliorer la performance des petits paysans, l'apprentissage participatif social paraît utile mais limité car les petits agriculteurs sont plutôt tirés par la performance économique que par la protection environnementale. De ces résultats, nous recommandons un partenariat Etat-société civile qui combine les services d'extension agricole du gouvernement et la reconstruction rurale ascendante pour l'objectif commun d'une agriculture durable en Chine. / This doctoral thesis studies the New Rural Reconstruction (NRR) movement from a sustainable development perspective, through a concrete case of Sancha village, a rural community in China's Guangxi province. Initiated in 2003, the NRR is a grassroots network of development projects which unites intellectuals, students and organizations to experiment with different models of agricultural and rural development in China. As an alternative to agricultural industrialization, the NRR favors the cooperation of smallholder farmers, local knowledge and agro-ecology for sustainable agricultural development. In order to understand the NRR's institutional characteristics, functioning and impact, we conducted a survey in Sancha village to collect data on smallholder farmers' socio-economic behavior and performed three in-depth NRR case studies. Our empirical analysis suggests that the NRR has promoted the development of organic farming in the village. Social activities are cost-effective for social network building where organic farming is diffused rapidly. Nevertheless, without sufficient, ongoing technical training, farmers newly converted to organic farming tend to overuse nitrogen and lose their environmental advantage in rice production. To improve the performance of smallholder farmers, participatory social learning appears useful but limited because smallholder farmers are interested in economic performance rather than environmental protection. On basis of these results, we recommend a state-civil society partnership which combines the government's agricultural extension services and bottom-up rural reconstruction for the commonobjective of sustainable agriculture in China.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-17T14:41:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Thiago Lucas Alves da Silva.pdf: 6733852 bytes, checksum: 8d95823b573c83ccacdd750dea8233f3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-17T14:41:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Thiago Lucas Alves da Silva.pdf: 6733852 bytes, checksum: 8d95823b573c83ccacdd750dea8233f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-06 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / During the last few years, Rio de Janeiro state has been a special place for the trying of expansion of eucalyptus commercial plantation, stimulated mostly by paper and cellulose and steel companies and by other wood requesting ones. This way, the aim of this research was to discuss the expansion of eucalyptus plantation for commercial ends in the city of Valen?a, which is located in Medio Para?ba region. That region is considered one of the most dynamic regions of the state because it has an important metal-mechanic pole, a great transport logistic and because it is between the most important metropolis (S?o Paulo and Rio de Janeiro) in Brazil (FUSCO, 2003; MARAFON, 2005). That region, despite of its strong urban-industrial character, has a state very significant cattle rising, specially related to milk, which is mostly developed in the city of Valen?a, our empiric research space limit, considering the ranges of Rio de Janeiro state (MADAN?LO, 2008). However, in the opposite direction of the tendencies of eucalyptus plantation expansion in other states, especially the ones which has limits with Rio de Janeiro (ES, SP and MG), we have observed in Valen?a an increasing of eucalyptus plantation which is not associated to the great urban-industrial enterprises, which are, the great paper and cellulose or steel companies. From this on, capitalized new-rural producers have been important social actors for the development of that form/content of expansion for the eucalyptus plantation, using the demand for wood from the companies in the region, the activities related to the urban space and also the local agro-business itself. Such social phenomenon in course, analyzed in our previous researches, seems singular to us up to this moment, specially related to previous researches in the range of Social Sciences. That is why we used numerous of theoretical references, articulating and using concepts ? territory, net, urban-rural relation, agrobusiness ? as guidelines for our interpretation. / Nos ?ltimos anos, o estado do Rio de Janeiro tem sido palco da tentativa de expans?o do plantio comercial de eucalipto, incentivado em grande parte pelas empresas do setor de papel e celulose, sider?rgicas e outras demandantes de madeira. Neste sentido, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi discutir a expans?o do cultivo de eucalipto para fins comerciais no munic?pio de Valen?a, situado na Regi?o do M?dio Para?ba. Esta regi?o ? considerada uma das mais din?micas do estado, pois possui um importante polo metal-mec?nico, uma ?tima log?stica de transportes e est? entre as metr?poles (S?o Paulo e Rio de Janeiro) mais importantes do pa?s (FUSCO, 2003; MARAFON, 2005). Esta regi?o, apesar de ter um forte car?ter urbano-industrial, possui ainda uma pecu?ria bastante significativa numa escala estadual, especialmente no que se refere ? pecu?ria leiteira, que tem no munic?pio de Valen?a, nosso recorte espacial emp?rico, o seu maior produtor (MADAN?LO, 2008). Por?m, na contram?o das tend?ncias de expans?o da monocultura do eucalipto em outros estados, notadamente os que fazem divisa com o Rio de Janeiro (Esp?rito Santo, S?o Paulo e Minas Gerais) temos observado em Valen?a/RJ um crescimento do plantio de eucalipto n?o associado aos grandes empreendimentos urbano-industriais; ou seja: as grandes empresas do setor celul?sico-papeleiro ou sider?rgicas. Com isso, produtores neorrurais capitalizados t?m sido importantes atores sociais no desenvolvimento dessa forma/conte?do de expans?o do plantio de eucalipto, se valendo da demanda de madeira por parte das industriais da regi?o, de atividades ligadas ao espa?o urbano, mas tamb?m do pr?prio agroneg?cio local. Tal fen?meno social em curso e por n?s pesquisado nos parece bastante singular at? o presente momento, principalmente no que se refere ? realiza??o de pesquisas anteriores, no ?mbito das Ci?ncias Sociais. Por isso, lan?amos m?o de uma gama de referenciais te?ricos, articulando e utilizando territ?rio, rede, rela??o urbano-rural e agroneg?cio como conceitos norteadores da nossa interpreta??o.

Magistro darbe nagrinėjama šiuolaikinių kaimo funkcijų strateginė plėtra Šiaurės Lietuvoje. Tyrimo tikslas - nustatyti ir įvertinti naujų (netradicinių) kaimo vietovių funkcijų plėtros galimybes ir tendencijas Šiaurės Lietuvoje. Tyrimo metodai: mokslinės literatūros bei galiojančių teisės aktų analizė, statistinių kaimo raidos rodiklių bei naujausių empirinių duomenų analizė, anketinė dviejų respondentų grupių apklausa, kompiuterinė statistinė duomenų analizė. Naujų kaimo funkcijų plėtra Šiaurės Lietuvoje tirta 2007–2008 metais. Tyrimai vyko Akmenės, Joniškio, Šiaulių, Mažeikių, Radviliškio ir Panevėžio rajonuose. Magistro darbe aptariami kaimo plėtros teoriniai aspektai: kaimo plėtros samprata ir bruožai, analizuojama kaimo plėtros politika, jos raida ir įgyvendinimas. Darbe analizuojamos tradicinių ir naujų kaimo funkcijų suderinamumo problemos ir galimybės Šiaurės Lietuvos regione, aptariant rezidencinę, ekonominės veiklos diversifikavimo, relaksacinę ir reabilitacinę, pažinimo ir lavinimo, etnografinio ir etinio paveldo išsaugojimo bei kraštovaizdžio puoselėjimo funkcijos. Praktinėje magistro darbo dalyje atliekama Šiaurės Lietuvos kaimų gyventojų ir kaimiškųjų seniūnijų darbuotojų anketinės apklausos duomenų analizė, pateikiamos išvados ir jų sprendimų būdai. Tyrimas atskleidė seniūnijų darbuotojų ir kaimo gyventojų požiūrį į kaimiškųjų vietovių plėtros galimybes ir problemas, kaimiškųjų vietovių naujųjų kaimo funkcijų sistemos realizavimo galimybes Šiaurės Lietuvoje... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / A strategic expansion of the new rural functions in North Lithuania is investigated in the current master thesis. Aim of research – to define and evaluate the possibilities of expansion and the trends of the new (non-traditional) functions at rural places of North Lithuania. Methods of investigation: an analysis of the scientific publications and the legal acts, an analysis of the statistical indicators and the newest empirical data of rural development, a poll of two respondent groups, a statistical data analysis by computer. The expansion of new rural function in North Lithuania was investigated in 2007-2008. The investigations were carried out in districts of Akmenė, Joniškis, Šiauliai, Mažeikiai, Radviliškis, Panevėžys. Theoretical aspects of rural development: a conception and the features of rural development, a rural development politics, its process and implementation are discussed in the master thesis. The compatibility problems and possibilities of traditional and new rural functions in North Lithuania are analyzed in work including such functions as resident, economical diversification, relaxation and rehabilitation, cognitive and training, conservation of ethnographical and ethnical heritage, landscape nurturance functions. The data analysis of the poll of rural inhabitants and subdistricts administration workers of North Lithuania are carried out, the conclusions and their solutions are presented in the practical part of thesis. The investigation revealed opinion... [to full text]

Orientador: Darlene Aparecida de Oliveira Ferreira / Resumo: O objetivo geral desta dissertação é identificar as estratégias econômicas e sociais dos moradores do Bairro Rural de Santana- Piracicaba-SP mediante a verificação das fontes de obtenção de renda desses moradores. A problemática foi construída a partir da seguinte hipótese, com o processo de modernização da agricultura e as mudanças ocorridas na agricultura familiar, quais foram as estratégias econômicas e sociais desenvolvidas pelos produtores rurais para obtenção de renda e permanência na propriedade. Assim, a pesquisa analisou o que pode ser entendido por ocupações rurais agrícolas e não agrícolas e a pluriatividade. O intuito desta investigação foi analisar como estão atualmente as vidas dos produtores rurais, quais são as atividades que exercem, quantas são as pessoas da família que trabalham no campo em atividades agrícolas e aqueles que se dedicam às atividades não agrícolas. Os procedimentos metodológicos da pesquisa foram, a revisão bibliográfica e realização de trabalho de campo com aplicação de questionários com os moradores do bairro rural de Santana – Piracicaba – São Paulo, palco espacial da pesquisa. Os resultados obtidos nos permitiram verificar que os moradores do bairro se dedicam ou dedicaram suas vidas nas ocupações agrícolas como herança, à relação com a pluriatividade pode ver verificada, mediante a produção de vinho e dentro das famílias possuem os que trabalham na cidade no comércio, indústrias e empresas de uma maneira geral. Constatamos que os morado... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The general objective of this dissertation is to identify the economic and social strategies of the residents of the Rural District of Santana-Piracicaba-SP by verifying the sources of income of these residents. The problem was built from the following hypothesis, with the process of modernization of agriculture and changes in family agriculture, what were the economic and social strategies developed by farmers to obtain income and stay in the property. Thus, the research analyzed what can be understood by agricultural and non-agricultural rural occupations and pluriactivity. The purpose of this research was to analyze how the lives of rural producers are currently, what activities they carry out, how many people in the family work in the field in agricultural activities and those engaged in non-agricultural activities. The methodological procedures of the research were, the bibliographical review and the accomplishment of field work with the application of questionnaires with the residents of the rural district of Santana - Piracicaba - São Paulo, space stage of the research. The results obtained allowed us to verify that the inhabitants of the neighborhood dedicate themselves or dedicated their lives in the agricultural occupations as inheritance, to the relation with the pluriactivity can be verified, through the production of wine and within the families they have those who work in the city in the commerce, industries and businesses in general. We find that the majority o... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T18:57:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4772.pdf: 5709685 bytes, checksum: 996f730f5a1c44b5473d93f2ae84b35e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-31 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / This paper discusses the characteristics of the new rural population and their forms of action, based on the case of the Orgânicos da Mantiqueira group, they are localized at Gonçalves, MG. It is intended to discuss the new forms of occupation in rural areas played by those new actors and the multiple functions assigned to them. Therefore It will be analyzed the construction of this new ruralities and the different ways of occupying a land marked by traditional customs. Within this context It will be underlined the differences between rural and urban occupation. The land occupation is approached from the concept of the agriculture multifuncionality. It will be taken into account the peculiarities of the new rural population s productive and organizational characteristics besides their interactions with local populations in rural reconstruction and the evaluation of the area through new ecologic agricultural basis. Starting from the history of the ecological movement in rural areas, the ecological agriculture is studied through the analysis of the agroecological conversion systems. There will be pointed out some relevant issues related to the crop systems management in the visited areas as well as the critical points affecting the realization of the Orgânicos da Mantiqueira s productive activity. It can be perceived at the end that the constitution of a group and its institutionalization upon society happens by collective desire and common objective considering, during its process, the emergence of new contradictions. / Este trabalho pretende trazer à discussão as características das populações neorrurais e analisar suas formas de atuação, tomando como base o grupo Orgânicos da Mantiqueira, sediado no município de Gonçalves (MG). Procurase entender as novas formas de ocupação do espaço rural que são feitas pelos novos atores e as múltiplas funções que lhe são atribuídas. Assim, será realizada uma análise da construção das novas ruralidades como formas diferenciadas de ocupar um espaço marcado por costumes tradicionais. Dentro deste contexto também serão apontadas as diferenças que se desenham entre rural e urbano. A ocupação do espaço rural é abordada a partir da noção de multifuncionalidade da agricultura, levando em consideração as peculiaridades produtivas e organizacionais de populações neorrurais e suas interações com populações rurais locais na reconstrução e revalorização do território através da agricultura alternativa ao sistema convencional de produção. A partir do histórico do movimento ecológico no campo a agricultura alternativa será estudada através da análise dos níveis de transição agroecológicos. Serão levantados os pontos mais relevantes em relação ao manejo feito nas áreas produtivas visitadas dentro do grupo dos Orgânicos da Mantiqueira da mesma forma que serão identificados pontos críticos para a realização das atividades produtivas. Percebe-se ao final que a formação do grupo e sua institucionalização ocorrem mediante a definição de projetos coletivos e de objetivos em comum, considerando durante este processo o surgimento de novas contradições.

The past two decades have witnessed significant growth in home-based work (HBW), particularly home-based business (HBB) activity and self-employment. These phenomena are attributed to factors such as flexible organization of production. While some empirical accounts on HBW and HBB activity in Canada do exist, they have mostly been conducted at the national or urban level rather than in rural areas. This thesis, therefore, places greater emphasis on rural HBBs in Saskatchewan where out-migration of people is threatening the viability and sustainability of rural and small communities. It is argued that rural sustainability largely depends on economic viability. The study area for the research includes the City of Saskatoon and the countryside surrounding this city. <p>The overall goal of this research is to contribute to the discussion of rural sustainability by considering HBBs as a potential strategy to achieve sustainability in rural areas and small communities. Therefore, the primary objectives of the dissertation are to examine the nature and degree of relationships of home business activity between rural, rural-urban fringe and urban areas, and the implications on links for sustainability of rural households and communities; to examine the relationship of HBB activity to the concept of rural entrepreneurship and business development; and to assess the contributions of rural and small town HBBs to the sustainability of households and communities in Saskatchewan. <p>A combination of the concept of sustainable community development, the von Thunen model and the competitive strategy model (i.e., cost-leadership, differentiation, focus) provide the theoretical framework of the thesis. Through snowball sampling and mail questionnaire surveys, primary data on HBBs were obtained from Saskatoon and its surrounding regions in Saskatchewan for micro-level analysis. Both qualitative and quantitative techniques were employed to analyze the data. <p>Major findings of the thesis include the linkages that HBBs create among places and the impact of links on community sustainability; and the apparent spatial variations in HBBs, motivations, competitive strategies, and benefits of home businesses from the urban core to the limits of the rural hinterland. It was also found that home businesses contribute positively to the sustainability of households and communities in rural Saskatchewan. Specifically, they generate significant revenue and employment opportunities for people, while supporting local economies through their networks, purchasing and selling of goods and services locally as well as keeping managers and members of their households in rural areas and small communities for considerable number of years. Indeed home-based occupation is a vital component of the mechanisms for rural sustainability. Also, this thesis proposed a rural-urban HBB model for future social science research. <p>Major conceptual underpinnings of the research include rural-urban relations; regional and community economic development, sustainable community development; rural entrepreneurship, home-based work, home business, self-employment, competitive strategy, and the von Thunen Isolated State model.

The past two decades have witnessed significant growth in home-based work (HBW), particularly home-based business (HBB) activity and self-employment. These phenomena are attributed to factors such as flexible organization of production. While some empirical accounts on HBW and HBB activity in Canada do exist, they have mostly been conducted at the national or urban level rather than in rural areas. This thesis, therefore, places greater emphasis on rural HBBs in Saskatchewan where out-migration of people is threatening the viability and sustainability of rural and small communities. It is argued that rural sustainability largely depends on economic viability. The study area for the research includes the City of Saskatoon and the countryside surrounding this city. <p>The overall goal of this research is to contribute to the discussion of rural sustainability by considering HBBs as a potential strategy to achieve sustainability in rural areas and small communities. Therefore, the primary objectives of the dissertation are to examine the nature and degree of relationships of home business activity between rural, rural-urban fringe and urban areas, and the implications on links for sustainability of rural households and communities; to examine the relationship of HBB activity to the concept of rural entrepreneurship and business development; and to assess the contributions of rural and small town HBBs to the sustainability of households and communities in Saskatchewan. <p>A combination of the concept of sustainable community development, the von Thunen model and the competitive strategy model (i.e., cost-leadership, differentiation, focus) provide the theoretical framework of the thesis. Through snowball sampling and mail questionnaire surveys, primary data on HBBs were obtained from Saskatoon and its surrounding regions in Saskatchewan for micro-level analysis. Both qualitative and quantitative techniques were employed to analyze the data. <p>Major findings of the thesis include the linkages that HBBs create among places and the impact of links on community sustainability; and the apparent spatial variations in HBBs, motivations, competitive strategies, and benefits of home businesses from the urban core to the limits of the rural hinterland. It was also found that home businesses contribute positively to the sustainability of households and communities in rural Saskatchewan. Specifically, they generate significant revenue and employment opportunities for people, while supporting local economies through their networks, purchasing and selling of goods and services locally as well as keeping managers and members of their households in rural areas and small communities for considerable number of years. Indeed home-based occupation is a vital component of the mechanisms for rural sustainability. Also, this thesis proposed a rural-urban HBB model for future social science research. <p>Major conceptual underpinnings of the research include rural-urban relations; regional and community economic development, sustainable community development; rural entrepreneurship, home-based work, home business, self-employment, competitive strategy, and the von Thunen Isolated State model.