Die traditionelle Vorliebe der Russen für vokale Formen führte Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts zur Entstehung der sogenannten \"russischen Romanze\" (einem nationalen Äquivalent zum deutschen Kunstlied).

Avian contact zones were suggested to act as barriers to parasite expansions. I studied haemosporidian parasites (genera Plasmodium, Haemoproteus, and Leucocytozoon) of two Nightingale species which meet in a contact zone in Europe. In total 20 lineages of parasites were detected. Surprisingly, all common lineages were shared by the two host species. The parasite prevalence vary between species (Trush Nightingales were more often parasitized than Common Nightingales.) but did not vary to a large extent within zones inside species Parasitemia of the most frequent Haemoproteus LULU1 lineage assessed by Real-Time PCR method did not differ significantly between the two host species. Six out of nine hybrids of the nightingale species were parasitized. Haemosporidian lineages found in hybrids were also frequent in the parental species. In conclusion, the nightingale contact zone seems to have only little (if any) effect on the distribution of haemosporidian parasites.

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Submitted by Juliana Paiva (julianammp@yahoo.com) on 2018-05-15T14:40:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO - MANUELA BASTOS ALVES.pdf: 1498924 bytes, checksum: 8bc1819f6abbdeef563367e3bdb5d144 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Delba Rosa (delba@ufba.br) on 2018-05-15T15:34:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO - MANUELA BASTOS ALVES.pdf: 1498924 bytes, checksum: 8bc1819f6abbdeef563367e3bdb5d144 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-15T15:34:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO - MANUELA BASTOS ALVES.pdf: 1498924 bytes, checksum: 8bc1819f6abbdeef563367e3bdb5d144 (MD5) / Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, de corte transversal, de abordagem quantitativa que teve como objetivo geral: analisar as condições de saúde de idosos que residem em instituições de Longa Permanência e caracterizar estas instituições quanto aos aspectos físico-estruturais e organizacionais. Foi desenvolvida em quatro instituições de longa permanência localizadas no Distrito Sanitário de Itapagipe, na cidade de Salvador-Bahia, de setembro a novembro de 2013. Participaram do estudo 117 idosos residentes, quatro coordenadores e sete cuidadores de idosos destas instituições. Foram utilizados dois questionários como instrumento de coleta de dados, contendo questões sóciodemográficas e de saúde dos idosos e, questões sobre a estrutura organizacional das instituições. Os dados quantitativos foram tratados por meio do software SPSS e interpretados segundo a Teoria Ambientalista de Florence Nightingale. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria (85,5%) dos idosos era do sexo feminino, na faixa etária de 81 anos, (64,1%) era de cor parda, (88,0%) era da religião católica, (51,3%) era natural de Salvador - Bahia, possuíam 1┤8 anos de estudo (27,4%), tinham familiares (80,3%), não recebiam visitas (65,0%), solteiros (48,7%), com renda de um salário mínimo, aposentados (90,3%), procedentes da casa própria (38,5%), levados à instituição por familiares que não os filhos (66,2%), residindo nestas residências há aproximadamente 51 meses, possuíam alteração visual (96,6%), apresentavam alterações do sono (56,4%), apresentavam úlceras por pressão em região sacra (30,8%) e em região trocanteriana direita (11,1%), sofreram quedas no último ano (43,6%), a hipertensão arterial foi a doença mais prevalente (54,7%), faziam uso constante de medicamentos (82,9%), se mostraram dependentes na realização das Atividades da Vida Diária (68,4%), o risco de demência para os idosos que possuíam escolaridade foi de 14,8% e para os analfabetos ou que não se tinha registro sobre escolaridade o risco de demência foi de 45,7% e 39,5% respectivamente. A maioria dos idosos é portadora de morbidades, é dependente para realização das atividades de vida diária e com a capacidade cognitiva comprometida. As Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos investigadas necessitam de adequação na estrutura física e reorganização dos serviços com o propósito de responder, principalmente, a demanda crescente da população gerontogeriátrica e atender as necessidades de saúde dos idosos residentes, de forma a estimular e promover a manutenção da sua independência e autonomia. / This is a descriptive quantitative approach that has the general objective is to analyze the health of elderly living in long-stay institutions and characterize these institutions for physicostructural and organizational skills. Was developed in four long-term institutions located in the Sanitary District Itapagipe in the city of Salvador - Bahia, from September to November 2013. Participants were 117 elderly residents of four coordinators seven elderly caregivers of these institutions that agreed to participate . Two questionnaires as a tool for data collection, containing sociodemographic and health issues of the elderly, and questions about the organizational structure of the institutions were used. The quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS software and interpreted according to Environmentalist Theory of Florence Nightingale. Most seniors were female (85.5%), aged 81 years, mulatto (64.1%), Catholics (88.0%), a native of Salvador, Bahia (51.3% ), had 1┤8 years of study (27.4%) had family members (80.3%) received no visits (65.0%), single (48.7%), with an income of a minimum wage, retirees (90.3%), coming from home (38.5%), led to the institution by family members other than children (66.2%), living in these residences for approximately 51 months, had visual change (96.6 %) had sleep disturbances (56.4%) had pressure ulcers in the sacral region (30.8%) and right trochanteric region (11.1%), falls in the past year (43.6%) , hypertension was the most prevalent disease (54.7%), made constant use of medications (82.9%), proved to be dependent on the realization of Activities of Daily Living (68.4%), the risk of dementia for seniors who had schooling was 14.8% and for the illiterate or had not record of schooling the risk of dementia was 45.7% and 39.5% respectively. Most seniors are carriers of diseases, is dependent for performing daily life and with impaired cognitive ability activities. The Institutions for the Aged require adaptation in physical structure and re-organization of services for the purpose of responding mainly to the increasing demand of geriatric population and meet the needs of the elderly residents in order to promote the maintenance of their independence and autonomy. / Se trata de un enfoque cuantitativo descriptivo que tiene como objetivo general analizar la salud de adultos mayores que viven en instituciones de larga estancia y caracterizar estas instituciones cuanto a los aspectos físicos estructurales y organizacionales. Fue desarrollado en cuatro instituciones de larga estancia ubicadas en la Jurisdicción Sanitaria de Itapagipe en la ciudad de Salvador - Bahía, de septiembre a noviembre de 2013. Los participantes fueron 117 adultos mayores residentes, cuatro coordinadores y siete cuidadores de adultos mayores que aceptaron participar del estudio. Se utilizaron dos cuestionarios como herramienta de recolección de datos, que contiene cuestiones sociodemográficas y de salud de los adultos mayores, y preguntas acerca de la estructura organizativa de las instituciones. Los datos cuantitativos se analizaron con el programa SPSS y se interpretaron de acuerdo con la Teoría Ambientalista de Florence Nightingale. La mayoría de los adultos mayores eran mujeres (85,5%), con edades entre 81 años, mulato (64,1%), católicos (88,0%), natural de Salvador - Bahía (51,3% ), tenían 1┤8 años de estudio (27,4%), tenían familia (80,3%), no recibían visitas (65,0%), solteros (48,7%), con un ingreso de un salario mínimo, jubilados (90,3%), que viene de su propio domicilio (38,5%), dirigido a la institución por otros miembros de la familia que no eran los hijos (66,2%), viviendo en estas residencias durante aproximadamente 51 meses, tenían alteraciones visuales (96,6 %), tenían alteraciones del sueño (56,4%), tenían úlceras por presión en la región sacra (30,8%) y la región del trocánter derecho (11,1%), caídas en el último año (43,6%). La hipertensión arterial fue la enfermedad más frecuente (54,7%), hacían uso continuo de medicamentos (82,9%), son dependientes de la realización de las Actividades de la Vida Diaria (68,4%), el riesgo de demencia para los adultos mayores que tenían escolaridad fue de 14,8% y para los analfabetos o no habían récord de escolarización el riesgo de demencia fue de 45,7% y 39,5%, respectivamente. La mayoría de los adultos mayores son portadores de enfermedades, son dependientes para la realización de las actividades básicas de la vida diaria y en las actividades de habilidad cognitiva. Las instituciones para las personas de edad requieren una adaptación de la estructura física y la reorganización de los servicios con el fin de responder sobre todo a la creciente demanda de la población geriátrica y satisfacer las necesidades de los residentes de edad avanzada con el fin de estimular y promover el mantenimiento de su independencia y autonomía.

Homeownership and suburbanisation are two sides of the same coin in the context of Australia. This thesis explores the housing system that facilitates homeownership under a framework of institutional path dependence and how that has facilitated spatial patterns of suburbanization in contemporary Melbourne. Australia has been considered a homeowner society for the larger part of the 20th century. Living and owning a house on a ‘quarter acre block’ in one of its major cities is said to have been a virtue even before homeownership was in reach for the majority of the Australian population. The years after WWII enabled up to 70 per cent of the population to access homeownership tenure. In that, this thesis analyses the institutional, societal and economic configurations that enabled increased homeownership provision, but also the historical processes that further facilitated a system around a dominant tenure. Path dependency theory, developed in the field of historical institutionalism, offers an analytical toolbox to examine long-term processes. In a broad sense, path dependency refers to the continuous reproduction of institutional systems in place. The second part of this thesis examines urbanisation processes in Melbourne, under a framework of institutional and spatial change. Cities are changing environments that, although, they inhabit determinist and reinforcing spatial patterns and institutions, transition over time. By looking at historical and contemporary institutional processes, this thesis examines metropolitan strategies to consolidate the outward growth in the city of Melbourne. Under the aspect of change, current challenges to the built environment are presented. A third analysis connects the macro discussion with a case study of a local housing provider in Melbourne, that in some regards may be viewed as antithesis to the contemporary building regime in the Australian and Melbourne context. As the first in-depth path dependency analysis in the Australian context, this thesis can be viewed as a contribution to the growing body of path dependency literature with a housing focus that also combines the spatial nature of urban environments.

The male gametes (sperms) are under strong sexual selection and are therefore very diverse in their morphology and often differ even amongst closely related species. Sperms are thus assumed to play very important role in reproductive isolation between species, due to their fast evolution in morphology. In my master thesis, I have studied the possible role of sperm morphology divergence in reproductive isolation in two sister species of passerine birds, the common nightingale (Luscinia megarhynchos) and the thrush nightingale (L. luscinia). The areas of these species overlap in secondary contact zone running across central and Eastern Europe, where they occasionally hybridize. I have compared sperm morphology of males of both species originating in allopatric and sympatric localities as well as interspecies hybrids. The results showed significant differences in total sperm length which is approximately 20 % longer in the common nightingale. That is caused by great interspecies divergence in midpiece (containing mitochondria) length. Interspecific hybrids showed sperms with intermediate length but despite expectations completely morphologically normal. This outcome corresponds with observed fertility in F1 hybrid males. What I consider to be an essential finding is a significant divergence in head...

The motility of male gametes (sperm) is one of the important factors influencing the reproductive success of males. Because sperms are often subjected to strong postmating sexual selection and even closely related species often differ in sperm morphology, sperm motility could also differ between species, which may contribute to reproductive isolation between species. As part of my diploma thesis, I studied sperm motility in two closely related species of songbirds, the common nightingale (Luscinia megarhynchos) and the thrush nightingale (Luscinia luscinia). These two species of nightingales are an ideal model system because the areas of these two species overlap in the secondary contact zone across Central and Eastern Europe, where they occasionally hybridize and thus allow the study of speciation mechanisms in the natural environment. Both species also differ greatly in total sperm length. As part of my diploma thesis, I studied the possible influence of different sperm morphology on their motility. I further tested whether the motility of nightingale sperm differs in the fluid from the cloaca of a female of the same species and a different species, which would demonstrate the presence of postmating prezygotic reproductive isolation between species. The results of my work showed that despite the...

Citizen Science (CS) ist eine Methode, die in den letzten Jahren in der Wissenschaft weltweit an Bedeutung gewonnen hat. Obwohl viele Studien diese Daten mit denen von akademischen Forschenden verglichen, gibt es immer noch Bedenken hinsichtlich ihrer Qualität. In meiner Doktorarbeit zielte ich darauf ab die Methode CS für eine Vogelart mit einem großen Repertoire, der Nachtigall (Luscinia megarhynchos), als Anwendungsfall auf der Grundlage der Dialektforschung zu evaluieren. Ich untersuchte, ob die drei vermeintlichen Hauptgründe für schlechte Qualität (Anonymität, Unerfahrenheit und fehlende Standardisierung) zu unvollständigen, zeitlich oder räumlich verzerrten und ungenauen bioakustischen Daten führten. Dazu analysierte ich nicht-standardisierte CS-Aufnahmen, die mit einem Smartphone über die 'Naturblick' App erstellt wurden, welche einen eingebauten Mustererkennungsalgorithmus enthielt. Ich konnte in meiner Doktorarbeit zeigen, dass mit der Methode CS valide Daten für die bioakustische Forschung gewonnen werden können. Meine Ergebnisse zeigten, dass Anonymität, mangelnde Erfahrung und Standardisierung nicht zu geringer Qualität führten, sondern zu einem großen Datensatz, der genauso wertvoll war wie jene von akademischen Forschenden. Die Ergebnisse sind von großer Bedeutung für künftige CS-Projekte zur Verbesserung der Qualität und des Vertrauens in diese Daten. / Citizen science (CS) is a method that has been increased in science worldwide in recent years. Although many studies have compared these data with those of academic researchers, there are still concerns about their quality. In my doctoral thesis I aimed to evaluate the method of CS for a bird species with a large repertoire, the nightingale (Luscinia megarhynchos), as a use case based on dialect research. I investigated whether the three main assumed reasons for poor quality (anonymity, inexperience and lack of standardisation) led to incomplete, temporal or spatial biassed and inaccurate bioacoustic data. Therefore, I analysed non-standardised CS recordings, which were generated with a smartphone via the 'Naturblick' app, which contained an in-built pattern recognition algorithm. In summary (Chapter V), my doctoral thesis showed that the method CS could be used to generate valid data for bioacoustic research. My findings showed that anonymity, lack of experience and standardisation did not lead to low quality but in fact to a large dataset, which was as valuable as ones from academic researchers. The results are of great relevance for future CS projects to improve the quality and the trust in these data.

Tesis para optar al grado de Doctor en Literatura Hispanoamericana y Chilena / Como es sabido y Borges (1899-1986) mismo lo señala, pasó su niñez “detrás de una verja con lanzas, y en una biblioteca de ilimitados libros ingleses. Palermo del cuchillo y de la guitarra andaba (me aseguran) por las esquinas” Esta pequeña cita instala una problemática no menor en su obra y que contiene la relación siempre en tensión entre Latinoamérica (periferia) y Europa (centro). La investigación examina especialmente el diálogo interdiscursivo e intercultural entre Borges y dos románticos ingleses: William Blake (1757-1827) y John Keats (1795-1821) a través de la desterritorialización de Tyger y Nightingale del contexto romántico inglés decimonónico y su reterritorialización en la Argentina borgeana moderna / postmoderna del siglo XX. Metodológicamente, se ha realizado un análisis del poema “The Tyger” de Blake y del poema “Ode to a Nightingale” de Keats para dilucidar su significación o significaciones románticas. Posteriormente se ha examinado la obra ensayística, cuentística, lírica de Borges en búsqueda de los significados que él atribuye a tyger y nightingale descubriéndose una polisemia compleja otorgada por sus acercamientos serios o jocosos. En otras palabras, Borges desestabiliza la relación significante /significado de tyger y nightingale y su contexto romántico. Tanto tyger como nightingale diseminan rizomáticamente por la obra de Borges a través de los principios de conexión y heterogeneidad que permiten unirlos a nuevos significados diversos sin que se llegue jamás a un significado definitivo. Borges instalaría una postergación infinita del significado que asemeja un deslizamiento, un rodar, un nomadismo con múltiples entradas y salidas entre los discursos involucrados. (Kristeva, 1980; Derrida, 1975; Deleuze/Guattari, 1997; Barthes, 1974). Aunque la investigación se encuentra aún en progreso, la recodificación que hace Borges de los significantes románticos ingleses tyger y nightingale parece tener importantes implicancias desde la perspectiva del postcolonialismo, ya que el juego literario conducido por Borges establece una relación de paridad con el centro que cuestiona la sujeción periférica de América Latina al centro Europeo.