CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Esta pesquisa tem como tema central as formas de presenÃa e suas implicaÃÃes na aprendizagem. Quais sÃo as formas de estar presente nas situaÃÃes cotidianas, como na aprendizagem a distÃncia, considerando o avanÃo das tecnologias digitais e da comunicaÃÃo via web? Discute-se essa questÃo tomando como espaÃo de anÃlise e pesquisa o IFCE e sua Diretoria de EducaÃÃo a DistÃncia. Os objetos escolhidos para este estudo de caso sÃo os cursos de graduaÃÃo ofertados na modalidade semipresencial, via UAB: Tecnologia em Hotelaria e Licenciatura em MatemÃtica. A pesquisa tem como objetivo principal analisar as formas de presenÃa do aluno na EaD, alÃm de discutir o conceito de presenÃa e suas interrelaÃÃes com os conceitos de distÃncia, ausÃncia, interaÃÃo e interatividade na EaD; e descrever as formas de aferiÃÃo da presenÃa do aluno e do professor tutor utilizadas na modalidade semipresencial, pela perspectiva do aluno. A investigaÃÃo fixa-se principalmente na Teoria da DistÃncia Transacional, de Michael Moore, e nos tipos de interaÃÃo do triÃngulo interativo de Cesar Coll, bem como nas obras de Romero Tori, Karla Godoy, Marco Silva, Erving Goffman e Mikhail Bakhtin, entre outros. Trata-se de um estudo de caso, tendo como metodologia a anÃlise qualitativa dos resultados, a partir de questionÃrio aplicado entre os alunos de ambos os cursos, de entrevista realizada com uma professora formadora e tutora, e de anÃlise documental da DEaD-IFCE. Os resultados apontam que o aluno entende que sua presenÃa à aferida pela observaÃÃo e avaliaÃÃo que o professor tutor faz de suas participaÃÃes. Identificou-se ainda que o aluno relaciona o conceito de estar presente principalmente com interaÃÃo (especialmente a interaÃÃo aluno-aluno) e o senso de pertenÃa ao grupo. As presenÃas social e cognitiva, alÃm da fÃsica, estavam geralmente nas descriÃÃes feitas pelos alunos. Os resultados revelaram ainda que a inclinaÃÃo à presenÃa fÃsica na aprendizagem e os paradigmas do ensino presencial ainda sÃo fortes no contexto UAB/DEaD/IFCE. Embora o aluno que escolhe estudar a distÃncia precise da autonomia e da flexibilidade de tempo e espaÃo, o mesmo sinaliza em suas colocaÃÃes que a presenÃa fÃsica em seu processo de aprendizagem lhe traz melhores resultados. / This research is focused on the types of presence and its implications in the context of distance learning. What are the forms to be present in everyday situations, including distance learning, considering the advancement of digital technologies and Internet communications? This issue is discussed taking the Instituto Federal do Cearà (IFCE) and its Diretoria de EducaÃÃo a DistÃncia (DEaD) as the environment for research and analysis. The undergraduate courses chosen for this case study are offered in the blended learning model via the Universidade Aberta do Brasil (UAB): Tecnologia em Hospitalidade and Licenciatura em MatemÃtica. The research aims to analyse the main types of presence of the student in distance education, and discuss the concept of presence and their interrelations with the concepts of distance, absence, interaction and interactivity in distance education, and describe ways of measuring presence of the student and the tutor used in blended learning model, from the student perspective. The research is mainly based on Michael Mooreâs Theory of Transactional Distance, and the types of interaction on the Cesar Collâs didactic triangle, as well as in the works of Romero Tori, Karla Godoy, Marco Silva, Erving Goffman and Mikhail Bakhtin, among other authors. This case study analyzed qualitatively the results from a questionnaire applied among students of both courses, an in-depth interview conducted with a teacher, and a document analysis of DEaD-IFCE. The results show that the student understands that his presence is assessed through the tutorâs observation to their engagement in the activities. It was also found that the student relates the concept of being present mainly with interaction (especially the student-student interaction), and the sense of belonging to the group (social presence). The social and cognitive presences, beyond the physical presence, were usually in the descriptions made by the students. The results also revealed that the bias towards the physical presence and the paradigms of on-site learning are still very strong in the context UAB/DEaD/IFCE. Although Distance Learning students often need autonomy and flexibility of time and space, they signals in their placements that physical presence in their learning process brings better results.

We examine the gender gap in school attendance of children aged 7-14 in India using National Family Health Survey Three (NFHS-3). We demonstrate that the choice of the sample examined has important implications for policy. A household decision model is used to motivate whether a child attends school and/or works. A bivariate probit model and Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition are applied to see how changing sample groups and adding regressors impact results, and the implications this has upon gender gap and effectiveness of centralized policy as opposed to decentralized policy. Results show the gender gap is sensitive to the sub samples chosen (e.g. a particular state, a specific location (urban or rural), and gender) and to the choice of regressors, and that centralized policy may be less effective than decentralized policy. Parental education, wealth, location and gender are found to be the most volatile and influential variables in the household decision process. / Graduate

Thesis (Ed.D.)--Teachers College, Columbia University, 1993. / Includes tables. Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: Frank Smith. Dissertation Committee: Ann Lieberman. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 213-221).

Thèse (M. Ed.)--Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2007. / La p. de t. porte en outre: Mémoire présenté à l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi comme exigence partielle de la maîtrise en éducation. CaQCU Bibliogr.: f. [130]-134. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, 2008. / Title from screen (viewed on August 27, 2009). Department of DEPT, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Margaret Adamek, William H. Barton, David Westhuis, G. Roger Jarjoura, Jeffrey Anderson. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 161-184).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Mississippi State University. Department of Instructional Systems and Workforce Development. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

The diploma thesis deals with the mediation of a preview of the development of adaptation during the beginning of school attendance in pupils of the first class by the view of children, parents and teacher. The diploma thesis is divided into the theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is divided into two chapters. The first chapter deals with the current concept of the first level of basic education and describes the important curricular documents that constitute the White Book and the Framework Educational Program of Basic Education. The second chapter deals with a child initiating school attendance and this breakthrough event is framed in the subchapters describing school maturity and school readiness, school as an impersonal institution, classmates and friends, evaluation and school success, teacher and his / her work, motivation of the pupil, adaptation to the beginning of school attendance, a change of the daily regime, and the family as the inseparable emotional support of the child. The practical part is devoted to qualitative research, which was attended by seven children who have just started their compulsory schooling, their parents and the teacher. In-depth interviewing and qualitative questionnaires are used.

Esta dissertaÃÃo tem como objetivo principal investigar como famÃlias beneficiÃrias do Programa Bolsa FamÃlia (PBF) apreendem a condicionalidade da Ãrea da educaÃÃo, que prevà um mÃnimo de frequÃncia escolar Ãs crianÃas e adolescentes entre 06 e 18 anos. Os dados empÃricos foram obtidos a partir da realizaÃÃo de uma pesquisa de campo qualitativa, no acompanhamento a cinco famÃlias residentes no Conjunto SÃo Miguel â Caucaia/CE. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida durante o perÃodo de maio 2013 a fevereiro de 2015, utilizando como tipo de abordagem, a observaÃÃo sistemÃtica e assistemÃtica, registrada em diÃrio de campo, com entrevistas abertas e semi-estruturadas gravadas, conversas informais e arquivo prÃprio de imagens. Dentre as proposiÃÃes teÃricas consideradas, estÃo as desenvolvidas por FranÃois Dubet (2008), Bernard Lahire (1997; 2002; 2011), e Maria Alice Nogueira (2002; 2010), utilizadas como embasamento das discussÃes tecidas a partir da trajetÃria e cotidiano das famÃlias, demonstrando as prÃticas e tensÃes em torno do cumprimento da condicionalidade. Os dados revelaram que as famÃlias percebem a condicionalidade como um âincentivoâ para a permanÃncia dos filhos na escola, indicando que a exigÃncia vem para reafirmar aquilo jà praticado, antes mesmo da elegibilidade ao PBF. A experiÃncia no campo mostrou que antes da aspiraÃÃo à continuidade do recebimento do valor financeiro do PBF, a prÃtica da frequÃncia escolar acontece pela crenÃa na educaÃÃo formal como um elemento de superaÃÃo à condiÃÃo de pobreza. Os dados tambÃm evidenciaram que a condiÃÃo de pobreza vivenciada pelas famÃlias pesquisadas assume configuraÃÃes para alÃm da ausÃncia de renda, que à o Ãnico indicador de elegibilidade considerado pelo Programa. / This thesis aims to investigate how beneficiary families of the Bolsa FamÃlia Program (PBF) apprehend the education conditionality, which requires a minimum school attendance for children and teenagers from 06 to 18 years. Empirical data were obtained from a qualitative field research, monitoring five families living in a neighborhood called Conjunto SÃo Miguel, located in Caucaia â CE - Brazil. The research was conducted from May 2013 to February 2015, using as approach the systematic and unsystematic observation, registered in a field diary, open and semi-structured interviews recorded, informal talks and own image files. Among the considered theoretical propositions are those developed by FranÃois Dubet (2008), Bernard Lahire (1997; 2002; 2011), and Maria Alice Nogueira (2002; 2010), used as basis to the discussions of the families trajectory and daily activities, demonstrating the social practices and stress around the implementation of the conditionality. The gathered data revealed that families realize the conditionality as an "incentive" for permanence of the children in school, indicating that the requirement came to reaffirm a previous practice already done by the families, even before the eligibility to the PBF. The field experience revealed that, prior to the desire of receiving the PBFÂs monetary value, the school attendance occurs from the belief in formal education as being an element to overcoming poverty. The data also revealed that the condition of poverty experienced by the studied families assumes characteristics beyond the lack of income, which is the single indicator of eligibility considered by the Program.

Existe uma vasta literatura evidenciando os determinantes que repercutem negativamente na acumulação de capital humano do menor de idade. O trabalho infantil seria uma dessas causas. Outros trabalhos mostram que um choque de renda sofrido pelas famílias pode estar por trás da oferta de trabalho de outros membros da família (esposa e filhos). Tal efeito é conhecido na literatura como efeito trabalhador adicional e pode estar relacionado, pelo menos no Brasil, à restrição de liquidez das famílias. O objetivo deste trabalho é averiguar o impacto de um choque de renda representado pela perda de emprego do chefe da família sobre a alocação do tempo dos filhos em idade escolar entre escola e mercado de trabalho. Para realizarmos este trabalho usamos dados da Pesquisa Mensal do Emprego, do IBGE, entre 2003 e 2012. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, o tratamento, ou melhor, o choque de renda representado perda de emprego do chefe da família não possui impacto significativo sobre a escolha das famílias de manter o filho apenas na escola ou de enviar o filho para o mercado de trabalho. Entretanto, nos casos em que o efeito do tratamento é persistente percebemos um impacto sensivelmente maior, apesar de ainda não ser estatisticamente diferente de zero. Na última subseção reproduzimos nosso modelo com dados da PME antiga com o intuito de checar a interferência da diferença de metodologia entre a PME antiga e a nova nos resultados. Notamos que com nosso desenho de modelo não encontramos os mesmos resultados de Duryea et al. (2007). / There is a vast literature demonstrating the determinants that negatively affect the human capital accumulation of child under eighteen. Child labor would be one of these causes. Other studies show that an income shock suffered by families may be behind the labor supply of other family members (spouse and children). This effect is known in the literature as additional worker effect and may be related, at least in Brazil, the liquidity constraint of households. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of an income shock represented by the loss of employment of head of household on the time allocation of schoolage children between school and the labor market. To accomplish this work we use data from the Monthly Employment Survey, IBGE, between 2003 and 2012. According to the results, treatment, or better, the income shock represented by of the household head\'s job loss has no significant impact on the families\' choice to keeping the child in school or just send the child to the market job. However, in cases where the treatment effect is persistent, we noticed a substantially greater impact, although not statistically different from zero. In the last subsection we applied our model using the old PME data base aiming to check if the methodological differences interfere with the results. We noted that using our new model design, we didn\'t find out the same results as Duryea et al. (2007).

M.Ed. (Educational Guidance) / Truancy is a grave problem because truants are wasting their opportunities and are in danger of not becoming productive members of society. Teachers, parents, peers, psychologists, psychiatrists and other important people (see Chapter 5) can play a decisive role in preventing truancy. The literature study states that peer group pressure is one of the main causes of truancy (see Chapter 2) . An empirical research study has been done at Mamelodi high schools. Certain criteria were followed in order to identify truants (see Appendix B). Chapter 4 shows clearly the results of the research project. The significant findings are as follows : more truants are among std 9 than std 8 more truants than non-truants have failed three times or more more truants than non-truants expect to obtain lower marks in the coming examination ; more friends of truants than those of non- truants expect them to obtain lower marks in the coming examination ; truants have less friends than non-truants who are at school ; truants have less friends than those of non-truants who think they are good in their school work.