Urban and architecture study of the location on the border of the historical centre of the town of Znojmo focuses on spatial cultivation of Square of Freedom and revitalisation of fragments of the town fortification system.

The city block, which we use for a creating our architectural rendering of new Natoinal theatre building is situated on one othe hystorical city axis in the centre of Slovenian capital city Ljubljana. This axis was create in time of old romanian historical setlement. and pases during our cityblock. this is one of the most important moment , I was inspirated with...

This work deals with fouling in the recovery boiler at Montes del Plata, Uruguay. Multivariate data analysis has been used to analyze the large amount of data that was available in order to investigate how different parameters affect the fouling problems. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Square Projection (PLS) have in this work been used. PCA has been used to compare average values between time periods with high and low fouling problems while PLS has been used to study the correlation structures between the variables and consequently give an indication of which parameters that might be changed to improve the availability of the boiler. The results show that this recovery boiler tends to have problems with fouling that might depend on the distribution of air, the black liquor pressure or the dry solid content of the black liquor. The results also show that multivariate data analysis is a powerful tool for analyzing these types of fouling problems. / Detta arbete handlar om inkruster i sodapannan pa Montes del Plata, Uruguay. Multivariat dataanalys har anvands for att analysera den stora datamangd som fanns tillganglig for att undersoka hur olika parametrar paverkar inkrusterproblemen. Principal·· Component Analysis (PCA) och Partial Least Square Projection (PLS) har i detta jobb anvants. PCA har anvants for att jamfora medelvarden mellan tidsperioder med hoga och laga inkrusterproblem medan PLS har anvants for att studera korrelationen mellan variablema och darmed ge en indikation pa vilka parametrar som kan tankas att andras for att forbattra tillgangligheten pa sodapannan. Resultaten visar att sodapannan tenderar att ha problem med inkruster som kan hero pa fdrdelningen av luft, pa svartlutens tryck eller pa torrhalten i svartluten. Resultaten visar ocksa att multivariat dataanalys ar ett anvandbart verktyg for att analysera dessa typer av inkrusterproblem.

The increasing usage of algorithms and extensive collections of data have changed the discipline of finance and created new possibilities for analyzing the financial markets. To further explore the potential of developing new methods for understanding financial market behaviour, this thesis examines the first digit probability distribution of Benford's Law and its applicability within the financial markets. The research investigates various indices', equities', and technical analysis tools' conformity to Benford's Law by using relative price changes and volume traded. It was found that both indices and equities exhibit resemblance with Benford's Law, whereas technical analysis tools did not. In addition, the relevance of data frequency was explored, but it was deemed not to have any effect on conformity found. In an attempt to apply the findings, a regression analysis was conducted to forecast volatility. However, even though correlation was found, the regression model failed to predict future volatility accurately. / Den ökade användningen av algoritmer och omfattande datainsamling har förändrat det finansiella spelrummet och skapat nya möjligheter för analys av finansmarknaden. För att ytterligare undersöka potentialen i att utveckla nya metoder för att förstå finansmarknadens beteende utforskar denna avhandling Benfords lag och dess tillämpbarhet på den finansiella marknaden. Studien testar olika index, aktiers och tekniska analysverktygs överensstämmelse med Benfords lag genom att använda relativa prisförändringar och handlad volym. Det visade sig att både index och aktier följer Benfords lag medan tekniska analysverktyg inte gjorde det. Dessutom undersöktes datafrekvensens relevans, men detta ansågs inte ha någon effekt på överensstämmelsen med fördelningen. I ett försök att tillämpa resultaten genomfördes en regressionsanalys för att prognosticera volatilitet. Korrelation hittades men regressionsmodellen gav inte ett tillförlitligt resultat.

I denna studie försöker jag att belysa det offentliga rummet och platsens innebörd i den västerländska postindustriella staden. Uppsatsen tar sig an uppgiften att undersöka hur nyliberalismens påverkan i urban stadsutveckling fungerar tillsammans med grundläggande demokratiska värden. Det görs genom en fallstudie av projektet Nya Drottningtorget i Trollhättan. Staden planerar i skrivande stund om sitt centrala torg och har valt en annorlunda väg, målet är att torget ska bli en plats för alla.   Studiens empiri bygger på en intervju med Trollhättans Stadsbyggnadschef som även är projektledaren i Nya Drottningtorget. Vidare bygger studien på en dokumentanalys över en omfattande medborgardialog. Dialogen bygger på flera olika metoder, så som en husvagnsturné med enkäter, tävling i Minecraft, tankar och idéer från aktiviteter genom skolan med barn och unga. Analysen av studiens empiri och teoretiska bakgrund visar att Trollhättan följer en trend som syftar till att förnya stadens offentliga platser och rum för att skapa en attraktiv stad att bo och vistas i, detta syns inte minst i att stadens torg äntligen planeras om. Tre förslag på Nya Drottningtorget har tagits fram av arkitektbyrån Temagruppen AB under styrning av Trollhättans Stads sex prioriterade funktioner och med inslag av Trollhättebornas tankar och åsikter. De tre förslagen har olika inriktningar och speglar såväl kommunens som medborgarnas visioner. Om Nya Drottningtorget blir en plats för alla återstår att se. Diskussionen om huruvida detta är möjligt eller om det snarare handlar om en utopi behandlas i analysen. Trots den diskussionen, visar Trollhättans tillvägagångssätt i förnyelsen av torget tecken på att vara en bra grund. Torget som offentliga rum och plats har förutsättningarna att bli av god kvalitet. / With this essay, I have attempted to elucidate the meaning of public places and spaces in a Western post-industrial city. The essay looks more closely on how the neoliberal influence on urban planning functions together with democracy. It does so through a case study on the project Nya Drottningtorget in Trollhättan. The city is in the progress of remaking its central square and have chosen a different path, with the purpose to create a square for all.   The empirics of this essay is based on an interview with the city planning director, who is also the manager of the project Nya Drottningtorget. The empirics is also based on analysis of a major civil dialogue. The civil dialogue has been made through out a variety of methods, such as a tour with a caravan, questionnaires, a Minecraft-contest and different activities with school to reach the young citizens of Trollhättan. The analysis of this essays empirics and theoretical foundation shows that Trollhättan is following a global trend which aims to renew public spaces and places in cities. This renewal projects aims to create an attractive city to live and be in.   Three proposals have been designed by the architectural firm, Temagruppen AB, based on the civil dialogue and directions from six prioritized functions made by the politicians in Trollhättan. Those three suggestions on the new square focuses on different things but reflects both the citizens’ opinions and the politicians’ directions. If the new central square will be a place and space for all remains to see. The discussion whether this is possible or a utopic wish is discussed in the analysis of this essay. However, Trollhättans approach and so far progress in this renewal project points in a right direction. This square as a public space and place has all the conditions to be of good quality.

Thesis (PdD)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A Latin square of order n is an n×n array containing an arrangement of n distinct symbols with the property that every row and every column of the array contains each symbol exactly once. It is well known that Latin squares may be used for the purpose of constructing designs which require a balanced arrangement of a set of elements subject to a number of strict constraints. An important application of Latin squares arises in the scheduling of various types of balanced sports tournaments, the simplest example of which is a so-called round-robin tournament — a tournament in which each team opposes each other team exactly once. Among the various applications of Latin squares to sports tournament scheduling, the problem of scheduling special types of mixed doubles tennis and table tennis tournaments using special sets of three mutually orthogonal Latin squares is of particular interest in this dissertation. A so-called mixed doubles table tennis (MDTT) tournament comprises two teams, both consisting of men and women, competing in a mixed doubles round-robin fashion, and it is known that any set of three mutually orthogonal Latin squares may be used to obtain a schedule for such a tournament. A more interesting sports tournament design, however, and one that has been sought by sports clubs in at least two reported cases, is known as a spouse-avoiding mixed doubles round-robin (SAMDRR) tournament, and it is known that such a tournament may be scheduled using a self-orthogonal Latin square with a symmetric orthogonal mate (SOLSSOM). These applications have given rise to a number of important unsolved problems in the theory of Latin squares, the most celebrated of which is the question of whether or not a set of three mutually orthogonal Latin squares of order 10 exists. Another open question is whether or not SOLSSOMs of orders 10 and 14 exist. A further problem in the theory of Latin squares that has received considerable attention in the literature is the problem of counting the number of (essentially) different ways in which a set of elements may be arranged to form a Latin square, i.e. the problem of enumerating Latin squares and equivalence classes of Latin squares of a given order. This problem quickly becomes extremely difficult as the order of the Latin square grows, and considerable computational power is often required for this purpose. In the literature on Latin squares only a small number of equivalence classes of self-orthogonal Latin squares (SOLS) have been enumerated, namely the number of distinct SOLS, the number of idempotent SOLS and the number of isomorphism classes generated by idempotent SOLS of orders 4 n 9. Furthermore, only a small number of equivalence classes of ordered sets of k mutually orthogonal Latin squares (k-MOLS) of order n have been enumerated in the literature, namely main classes of 2-MOLS of order n for 3 n 8 and isotopy classes of 8-MOLS of order 9. No enumeration work on SOLSSOMs appears in the literature. In this dissertation a methodology is presented for enumerating equivalence classes of Latin squares using a recursive, backtracking tree-search approach which attempts to eliminate redundancy in the search by only considering structures which have the potential to be completed to well-defined class representatives. This approach ensures that the enumeration algorithm only generates one Latin square from each of the classes to be enumerated, thus also generating a repository of class representatives of these classes. These class representatives may be used in conjunction with various well-known enumeration results from the theory of groups and group actions in order to determine the number of Latin squares in each class as well as the numbers of various kinds of subclasses of each class. This methodology is applied in order to enumerate various equivalence classes of SOLS and SOLSSOMs of orders up to and including order 10 and various equivalence classes of k-MOLS of orders up to and including order 8. The known numbers of distinct SOLS, idempotent SOLS and isomorphism classes generated by idempotent SOLS are verified for orders 4 n 9, and in addition the number of isomorphism classes, transpose-isomorphism classes and RC-paratopism classes of SOLS of these orders are enumerated. The search is further extended to determine the numbers of these classes for SOLS of order 10 via a large parallelisation of the backtracking treesearch algorithm on a number of processors. The RC-paratopism class representatives of SOLS thus generated are then utilised for the purpose of enumerating SOLSSOMs, while existing repositories of symmetric Latin squares are also used for this purpose as a means of validating the enumeration results. In this way distinct SOLSSOMs, standard SOLSSOMs, transposeisomorphism classes of SOLSSOMs and RC-paratopism classes of SOLSSOMs are enumerated, and a repository of RC-paratopism class representatives of SOLSSOMs is also produced. The known number of main classes of 2-MOLS of orders 3 n 8 are verified in this dissertation, and in addition the number of main classes of k-MOLS of orders 3 n 8 are also determined for 3 k n−1. Other equivalence classes of k-MOLS of order n that are enumerated include distinct k-MOLS and reduced k-MOLS of orders 3 n 8 for 2 k n − 1. Finally, a filtering method is employed to verify whether any SOLS of order 10 satisfies two basic necessary conditions for admitting a common orthogonal mate with its transpose, and it is found via a computer search that only four of the 121 642 class representatives of RC-paratopism classes of SOLS satisfy these conditions. It is further verified that none of these four SOLS admits a common orthogonal mate with its transpose. By this method the spectrum of resolved orders in terms of the existence of SOLSSOMs is improved in that the non-existence of such designs of order 10 is established, thereby resolving a longstanding open existence question in the theory of Latin squares. Furthermore, this result establishes a new necessary condition for the existence of a set of three mutually orthogonal Latin squares of order 10, namely that such a set cannot contain a SOLS and its transpose / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: ’n Latynse vierkant van orde n is ’n n × n skikking van n simbole met die eienskap dat elke ry en elke kolom van die skikking elke element presies een keer bevat. Dit is welbekend dat Latynse vierkante gebruik kan word in die konstruksie van ontwerpe wat vra na ’n gebalanseerde rangskikking van ’n versameling elemente onderhewig aan ’n aantal streng beperkings. ’n Belangrike toepassing van Latynse vierkante kom in die skedulering van verskeie spesiale tipes gebalanseerde sporttoernooie voor, waarvan die eenvoudigste voorbeeld ’n sogenaamde rondomtalietoernooi is — ’n toernooi waarin elke span elke ander span presies een keer teenstaan. Onder die verskeie toepassings van Latynse vierkante in sporttoernooi-skedulering, is die probleem van die skedulering van spesiale tipes gemengde dubbels tennis- en tafeltennistoernooie deur gebruikmaking van spesiale versamelings van drie paarsgewys-ortogonale Latynse vierkante in hierdie proefskrif van besondere belang. In sogenaamde gemengde dubbels tafeltennis (GDTT) toernooi ding twee spanne, elk bestaande uit mans en vrouens, op ’n gemengde-dubbels rondomtalie wyse mee, en dit is bekend dat enige versameling van drie paarsgewys-ortogonale Latynse vierkante gebruik kan word om ’n skedule vir s´o ’n toernooi op te stel. ’n Meer interessante sporttoernooi-ontwerp, en een wat al vantevore in minstens twee gerapporteerde gevalle deur sportklubs benodig is, is egter ’n gade-vermydende gemengde-dubbels rondomtalie (GVGDR) toernooi, en dit is bekend dat s´o ’n toernooi geskeduleer kan word deur gebruik te maak van ’n self-ortogonale Latynse vierkant met ’n simmetriese ortogonale maat (SOLVSOM). Hierdie toepassings het tot ’n aantal belangrike onopgeloste probleme in die teorie van Latynse vierkante gelei, waarvan die mees beroemde die vraag na die bestaan van ’n versameling van drie paarsgewys ortogonale Latynse vierkante van orde 10 is. Nog ’n onopgeloste probleem is die vraag na die bestaan van SOLVSOMs van ordes 10 en 14. ’n Verdere probleem in die teorie van Latynse vierkante wat aansienlik aandag in die literatuur geniet, is die bepaling van die getal (essensieel) verskillende maniere waarop ’n versameling elemente in ’n Latynse vierkant gerangskik kan word, m.a.w. die probleem van die enumerasie van Latynse vierkante en ekwivalensieklasse van Latynse vierkante van ’n gegewe orde. Hierdie probleem raak vinnig baie moeilik soos die orde van die Latynse vierkant groei, en aansienlike berekeningskrag word dikwels hiervoor benodig. Sover is slegs ’n klein aantal ekwivalensieklasse van self-ortogonale Latynse vierkante (SOLVe) in die literatuur getel, naamlik die getal verskillende SOLVe, die getal idempotente SOLVe en die getal isomorfismeklasse voortgebring deur idempotente SOLVe van ordes 4 n 9. Verder is slegs ’n klein aantal ekwivalensieklasse van geordende versamelings van k onderling ortogonale Latynse vierkante (k-OOLVs) in die literatuur getel, naamlik die getal hoofklasse voortgebring deur 2-OOLVs van orde n vir 3 n 8 en die getal isotoopklasse voortgebring deur 8-OOLVs van orde 9. Daar is geen enumerasieresultate oor SOLVSOMs in die literatuur beskikbaar nie. In hierdie proefskrif word ’n metodologie vir die enumerasie van ekwivalensieklasse van Latynse vierkante met behulp van ’n soekboomalgoritme met terugkering voorgestel. Hierdie algoritme poog om oorbodigheid in die soektog te minimeer deur net strukture te oorweeg wat die potensiaal het om tot goed-gedefinieerde klasleiers opgebou te word. Hierdie eienskap verseker dat die algoritme slegs een Latynse vierkant binne elk van die klasse wat getel word, genereer, en dus word ’n databasis van verteenwoordigers van hierdie klasse sodoende opgebou. Hierdie klasverteenwoordigers kan tesame met verskeie welbekende groepteoretiese telresultate gebruik word om die getal Latynse vierkante in elke klas te bepaal, asook die getal verskeie deelklasse van verskillende tipes binne elke klas. Die bogenoemde metodologie word toegepas om verskeie SOLV- en SOLVSOM-klasse van ordes kleiner of gelyk aan 10 te tel, asook om k-OOLV-klasse van ordes kleiner of gelyk aan 8 te tel. Die getal verskillende SOLVe, idempotente SOLVe en isomorfismeklasse voortgebring deur SOLVe word vir ordes 4 n 9 geverifieer, en daarbenewens word die getal isomorfismeklasse, transponent-isomorfismeklasse en RC-paratoopklasse voortgebring deur SOLVe van hierdie ordes ook bepaal. Die soektog word deur middel van ’n groot parallelisering van die soekboomalgoritme op ’n aantal rekenaars ook uitgebrei na die tel van hierdie klasse voortgebring deur SOLVe van orde 10. Die verteenwoordigers van RC-paratoopklasse voortgebring deur SOLVe wat deur middel van hierdie algoritme gegenereer word, word dan gebruik om SOLVSOMs te tel, terwyl bestaande databasisse van simmetriese Latynse vierkante as validasie van die resultate ook vir hierdie doel ingespan word. Op hierdie manier word die getal verskillende SOLVSOMs, standaardvorm SOLVSOMs, transponent-isomorfismeklasse voortgebring deur SOLVSOMs asook RC-paratoopklasse voortgebring deur SOLVSOMs bepaal, en word ’n databasis van verteenwoordigers van RC-paratoopklasse voortgebring deur SOLVSOMs ook opgebou. Die bekende getal hoofklasse voortgebring deur 2-OOLVs van ordes 3 n 8 word in hierdie proefskrif geverifieer, en so ook word die getal hoofklasse voortgebring deur k- OOLVs van ordes 3 n 8 bepaal, waar 3 k n−1. Ander ekwivalensieklasse voortgebring deur k-OOLVs van orde n wat ook getel word, sluit in verskillende k-OOLVs en gereduseerde k-OOLVs van ordes 3 n 8, waar 2 k n − 1. Laastens word daar van ’n filtreer-metode gebruik gemaak om te bepaal of enige SOLV van orde 10 twee basiese nodige voorwaardes om ’n ortogonale maat met sy transponent te deel kan bevredig, en daar word gevind dat slegs vier van die 121 642 klasverteenwoordigers van RC-paratoopklasse voortgebring deur SOLVe van orde 10 aan hierdie voorwaardes voldoen. Dit word verder vasgestel dat geeneen van hierdie vier SOLVe ortogonale maats in gemeen met hul transponente het nie. Die spektrum van afgehandelde ordes in terme van die bestaan van SOLVSOMs word dus vergroot deur aan te toon dat geen sulke ontwerpe van orde 10 bestaan nie, en sodoende word ’n jarelange oop bestaansvraag in die teorie van Latynse vierkante beantwoord. Verder bevestig hierdie metode ’n nuwe noodsaaklike bestaansvoorwaarde vir ’n versameling van drie paarsgewys-ortogonale Latynse vierkante van orde 10, naamlik dat s´o ’n versameling nie ’n SOLV en sy transponent kan bevat nie. / Harry Crossley Foundation / National Research Foundation

Molecular Biology has allowed the characterization and manipulation of the molecules of life in the wet lab. Also the structures of those macromolecules are being continuously elucidated. During the last decades of the past century, there was an increasing interest to study how the different genes are organized into different organisms (‘genomes’) and how those genes are expressed into proteins to achieve their functions. Currently the sequences for many genes over several genomes have been determined. In parallel, the efforts to have the structure of the proteins coded by those genes go on. However it is experimentally much harder to obtain the structure of a protein, rather than just its sequence. For this reason, the number of protein structures available in databases is an order of magnitude or so lower than protein sequences. Furthermore, in order to understand how living organisms work at molecular level we need the information about the interaction of those proteins. Elucidating the structure of protein macromolecular assemblies is still more difficult. To that end, the use of computers to predict the structure of these complexes has gained interest over the last decades. The main subject of this thesis is the evaluation of current available computational methods to predict protein – protein interactions and build an atomic model of the complex. The core of the thesis is the evaluation protocol I have developed at Service de Conformation des Macromolécules Biologiques et de Bioinformatique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, and its computer implementation. This method has been massively used to evaluate the results on blind protein – protein interaction prediction in the context of the world-wide experiment CAPRI, which have been thoroughly reviewed in several publications [1-3]. In this experiment the structure of a protein complex (‘the target’) had to be modeled starting from the coordinates of the isolated molecules, prior to the release of the structure of the complex (this is commonly referred as ‘docking’). The assessment protocol let us compute some parameters to rank docking models according to their quality, into 3 main categories: ‘Highly Accurate’, ‘Medium Accurate’, ‘Acceptable’ and ‘Incorrect’. The efficiency of our evaluation and ranking is clearly shown, even for borderline cases between categories. The correlation of the ranking parameters is analyzed further. In the same section where the evaluation protocol is presented, the ranking participants give to their predictions is also studied, since often, good solutions are not easily recognized among the pool of computer generated decoys. An overview of the CAPRI results made per target structure and per participant regarding the computational method they used and the difficulty of the complex. Also in CAPRI there is a new ongoing experiment about scoring previously and anonymously generated models by other participants (the ‘Scoring’ experiment). Its promising results are also analyzed, in respect of the original CAPRI experiment. The Scoring experiment was a step towards the use of combine methods to predict the structure of protein – protein complexes. We discuss here its possible application to predict the structure of protein complexes, from a clustering study on the different results. In the last chapter of the thesis, I present the preliminary results of an ongoing study on the conformational changes in protein structures upon complexation, as those rearrangements pose serious limitations to current computational methods predicting the structure protein complexes. Protein structures are classified according to the magnitude of its conformational re-arrangement and the involvement of interfaces and particular secondary structure elements is discussed. At the end of the chapter, some guidelines and future work is proposed to complete the survey.

The purpose of our study was to examine the relationship between the volatility of price multiples and the volatility of stock prices in the Swedish market from 2003 to 2012. Our focus was on the price-to-earnings ratio and the price-to-book ratio. Some previous studies showed a link between the price multiples and the volatility of stock prices, this made us question whether there should be a link between the volatility of the price multiples and the volatility of the stock prices. The importance of this subject is accentuated by the financial crisis, as we provide investors with information regarding the movements of price multiples and stock prices. Moreover, we test if the volatility of the price multiples can be used to create a prediction model for the volatility of stock prices. Also we fill the gap in the previous researches as there is no previous literature about this topic. We conducted a quantitative research using statistical tests, such as the correlation test and the linear regression test. For our data sample we chose the Sweden Datastream index. We first calculated the volatility using the GARCH model and then continued with our statistical tests. The results of our tests showed that there is a relationship between the volatility of the price multiples and the volatility of the stock prices in the Swedish market in the past ten years. Our findings show that the correlation coefficients vary across industries and over time in both strength and direction. The second part of our tests is concerned with the linear regression tests, mainly calculating the coefficient of determination. Our results show that the volatility of the price multiples do explain changes in the volatility of stock prices. Thus, the volatility of the P/E ratio and the volatility of the P/B ratio can be used in creating a prediction model for the volatility of stock prices. Nevertheless, we also find that this model is best suited when the economic situation is unstable (i.e. crisis, bad economic outlook) as both the correlation coefficient and the coefficient of determination had the highest values in the last five years, with the peak in 2008.

<p>Istraživanje je fokusirano na ispitivanje uloge centara sela u<br />seoskoj zajednici, razvoj i transformaciju seoskih javnih prostora na<br />području Banata u savremenim granicama Vojvodine, kao i<br />međuzavisnosti tih transformacija centara sela i raznih uticajnih<br />faktora, pre svega društvenih, političkih, kulturoloških, religijskih<br />i ekonomskih. Analiza obuhvata vreme od XVIII do XXI veka, unutar kojeg<br />su definisana četiri perioda u kojima se razmatra transformacija<br />prostora po utvrđenim tematskim pitanjima: mesto u seoskoj strukturi,<br />oblik, način ulivanja ulica, funkcija slobodnog prostora,<br />arhitektonski okvir i prostorni mobilijar javnih prostora sela.</p> / <p>The study is focused on examining the role of village centers in rural<br />communities, the development and transformation of rural public space in<br />Banat region of nowadays Vojvodina, as well as the interdependence of<br />these transformations and various influencing factors: social, political,<br />cultural, religious and economic. The analysis covers the period from 18th to<br />21st century in which four periods were defined, exploring the transformation<br />of the space based on a predefined set of thematic issues: place in the<br />village structure, its shape, the way streets are flowing through the space,<br />function of free space, architectural framework and spatial street furniture in<br />public space of villages.</p>

The three-dimensional x-ray structure of 2,2'-bipyridylglycinatochloro copper(II) dihydrate has been fully refined to a final R factor of 0.081. The bipyridyl and glycine ligands are arranged about the central copper atom in a square planar configuration while the chlorine atom is 2.635 angstroms above this plane directly over the copper atom. This unusually long distance is explained by the positioning of a glycine group on the opposite side of the square plane, resulting in a distorted octahedral arrangement. Also, the chlorine atom is linked to three oxygen atoms via hydrogen bonding, thus stabilizing the distorted octahedral complex.