Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Family Studies and Human Services / Jared R. Anderson / Sandra M. Stith / Adoption trends have shifted in the past two decades and as a result, could impact established assumptions about behavior problems among adopted children. A comprehensive meta-analysis was published in 2005 attempting to come to more definitive conclusions regarding adoption behavior and moderators of adoption behavior. However, the study used a sample from over a dozen countries over a 44 year span. This study is a meta-analysis that has replicated many of the questions investigated by the previous analysis with a much more recent 15 year sample of adoptees placed only within the United States. The results show that combined international and domestic adoptee samples, as well as separate international and domestic adoptee samples are more likely to have total, externalizing, and internalizing behavior problems than their non-adopted counterparts. In addition, age at time of assessment, gender of adoptees, and length of time spent with adoptive family may moderate some of the behavior problems experienced by adoptees. Pre-adoptive adversity, age at time of assessment, and study quality were not shown to have moderating influence on behavior of adoptees.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-11-22T16:15:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo Foroni Fender.pdf: 1010789 bytes, checksum: 6d29a6b0619ef34ee23341f4b5fd5ea2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-22T16:15:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo Foroni Fender.pdf: 1010789 bytes, checksum: 6d29a6b0619ef34ee23341f4b5fd5ea2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / There is much social, cultural and academic debate on topics related to adoption by gay men. Literature on this subject refers to many variables in the formation of these families, highlighting gaps in the journey these men are taking. Bearing in mind the need for credible information, we sought to understand the process experienced by openly gay men and their adopted children in order to identify the key challenges. This was qualitative research carried out through semi-structured interviews with six men aged between 35 and 52 years old, when they adopted children aged between eight months and 14. We sought to identify different scenarios throughout the process, from the initial desire to adopt, to the necessary legal and personal preparation, as well as the daily routine of bringing up children of different ages. We identified similarities among parents who adopted children later in life, in particular their willingness to adopt children with varying profiles. These men are primary caregivers responsible for their children’s daily life and education. We also found both the decision to adopt and the process itself were carried out independently of family and friends. Men often have to deal with feelings of anxiety and fear throughout the process, as they slowly develop a closer relationship with, and support the needs of the adopted child. Changes in the parents’ daily routines, even if they were anticipated, were much bigger and difficult to cope with - as well as problems faced by single parents. It was concluded that the parents’ sexuality was less important in cases of single parent adoptions made later in life, in which parents were ill-prepared and lacked social support, highlighting the need for pre- and postadoption support / Muitas são as discussões sociais, culturais e acadêmicas sobre os temas ligados à adoção por homens gays. Ao discorrer sobre este tema, a literatura indica muitas variáveis na consolidação destas famílias, surgindo lacunas acerca do percurso vivencial que estes homens estão percorrendo. Considerando a necessidade de promover informações fundamentadas, para orientação e atendimento, buscou-se compreender o processo vivenciado por homens que se autodeclararam homossexuais e adotaram crianças ou adolescentes, identificando seus principais desafios. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, na qual foram realizadas entrevistas individuais semidirigidas com seis homens, que quando adotaram filhos, de idade entre 8 meses e 14 anos, estavam na faixa de 35 a 52 anos. Buscou-se identificar os diferentes cenários ao longo do processo, que se inicia com o desejo de adotar, envolve a preparação jurídica e pessoal e culmina no dia a dia com crianças de diferentes idades. Identificou-se um perfil semelhante entre os pais, no que se refere a terem realizado, principalmente, adoções tardias e, para facilitá-las, terem aberto o perfil de escolha dos potenciais filhos. Esses homens são cuidadores primários responsáveis pelo cotidiano e educação. Verificou-se que tanto a decisão quanto o processo de adoção foram movimentos individuais, sem a participação da família de origem ou amigos. Os homens têm que lidar com os sentimentos, particularmente de ansiedade e medo durante todo o processo e desenvolver uma aproximação lenta juntamente com apoio às demandas do filho adotivo. Foram apontadas mudanças no cotidiano que, mesmo se antecipadas, foram muito maiores e de difícil enfrentamento, bem como dificuldades no estabelecimento da paternidade adotiva singular, superadas ao longo do tempo. Concluiu-se que o fato de estes pais serem homossexuais é menos relevante do que tratar-se de adoções unilaterais, tardias, com pouca preparação e apoio social, o que ressalta a demanda de apoio pré e pós-adoção

<p>In order to study internationally adopted delinquents, internationally adopted controls, delinquent controls and an additional group of healthy non-adopted, non-delinquent controls, the following tests were used: WISC/WAIS, TOL, WCST, a questionnaire, I think I am, ISSI, an attachment test, KSP, and SCL-90. In the register study, data were obtained from the registers of The National Board of Health and Welfare and Statistics Sweden and multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression models. Odds ratios (OR) for different forms of out-of-home care placements were calculated.</p><p>It was found that the adopted delinquents had a significantly lower full scale IQ (WISC/WAIS) and significantly lower results on several measurements in the WISC /WAIS compared to the adopted controls. In addition, both groups of adoptees scored low in the WISC/WAIS subscale arithmetics when compared to the population mean. The adopted delinquents clearly had disruptive and infectious relations to their parents which was demonstrated in I think I am, ISSI, the attachment test and the questionnaire. The adopted controls demonstrated good relations to adoptive parents. When personality and self-perception were measured and analyzed in a two-way ANOVA, the results clearly pointed to ”delinquency” as the explaining factor to the variance of the results as opposed to ”adoption”. </p><p>Finally, the regression analyses of the register data demonstrated an OR of 3.0 (after adjustments for age and sex) for placements of intercountry adoptees in residental care from age 10 and an OR of 5.1 in model 2 (after adjustments for socio-demographic background variables). More over, higher child age at adoption, origin from Latin America, single parent adoption and maternal age above 35 at birth of the child were identified as significant predictors of out-of-home care from age 10.</p>

In order to study internationally adopted delinquents, internationally adopted controls, delinquent controls and an additional group of healthy non-adopted, non-delinquent controls, the following tests were used: WISC/WAIS, TOL, WCST, a questionnaire, I think I am, ISSI, an attachment test, KSP, and SCL-90. In the register study, data were obtained from the registers of The National Board of Health and Welfare and Statistics Sweden and multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression models. Odds ratios (OR) for different forms of out-of-home care placements were calculated. It was found that the adopted delinquents had a significantly lower full scale IQ (WISC/WAIS) and significantly lower results on several measurements in the WISC /WAIS compared to the adopted controls. In addition, both groups of adoptees scored low in the WISC/WAIS subscale arithmetics when compared to the population mean. The adopted delinquents clearly had disruptive and infectious relations to their parents which was demonstrated in I think I am, ISSI, the attachment test and the questionnaire. The adopted controls demonstrated good relations to adoptive parents. When personality and self-perception were measured and analyzed in a two-way ANOVA, the results clearly pointed to ”delinquency” as the explaining factor to the variance of the results as opposed to ”adoption”. Finally, the regression analyses of the register data demonstrated an OR of 3.0 (after adjustments for age and sex) for placements of intercountry adoptees in residental care from age 10 and an OR of 5.1 in model 2 (after adjustments for socio-demographic background variables). More over, higher child age at adoption, origin from Latin America, single parent adoption and maternal age above 35 at birth of the child were identified as significant predictors of out-of-home care from age 10.

The thesis is devoted to the issue of interracial adoption, when Ugandan child lives in the Czech adoptive family. The aim is to focus on the ethical aspect of interracial adoptions. Attempts to find out whether this type of adoption is really in the best interests of the child. The first part of the thesis provides general background information about Uganda as a country of origin of children. Describes historical development and socio-economic situation of the country, the issue of HIV/AIDS and information about orphan and abandoned children. The second part describes the process of international adoption, both generally and on the part of both participating countries, namely Uganda and the Czech Republic. The third part deals with the ethical side of the adoption. Aim is to find out how the circumstances of the interracial adoption can affect the adoptive family and the future development of the child, how they cope with the racism and discrimination and questions about childs identity. This part is based on surveys, studies and interviews with adoptive parents and their adopted children.

E-handel kallas ofta för shopping ”vartsomhelst, närsomhelst” och har möjliggjort förkonsumenter att handla utan att behöva lämna sitt hem (Zmijewska., Lawrence &amp; Steele,2007). Mobil handel och mobila betalningstjänster har ökat kraftigt de senaste åren, delvis på grund av utvecklingen inom mobiltelefoni och möjligheten att använda internet utanförhemmet. Mobil handel har därför blivit en del av konsumenternas vardagsliv (Hwang, Shiau&amp; Jan, 2007). Mobila betalningstjänster erbjuder en unik möjlighet för företag att förbättraderas kommunikation till deras kunder, samt att öka värdet i transaktionerna med kunderna, genom att ständigt ha möjligheten att engagera kunderna, oavsett vart de är. Detta kan stärkavarumärket öka lojaliteten hos kunderna (Early, 2014). För att lyckas med detta krävs det dock för företagen att förstå hur de kan få ut mest värde ur deras lösningar och erbjudanden och vilka faktorer som de ska överväga för att öka konsumenternas adapterande och acceptansav mobile betalningslösningar. Dahlberg, Mallat, Ondrus and Zmijewska (2008) nämner att de tycker att det behövs mer forskning I detta ämne för att förbättra förståelsen avkonsumenternas acceptans av mobila betalningstjänster och för att förbättra kvaliteten och relevans gentemot forskning I mobila betalningstjänster. (Dahlberg, Mallat, Ondrus and Zmijewska, 2008). Resultaten av denna avhandling är en uppsättning av faktorer som tros ha ett positivt inflytande på konsumenternas adapterande och acceptans av mobilabetalningstjänster. Faktorerna som har upptäckts är följande: · Gör mer än bara transaktioner· Skapa en snabb tjänst· Gör det enkelt· Gör det pålitligt· Adaptera till mobiltelefoner· Gör det till en trevlig upplevelse· Öka säkerheten· Ändra konsumenternas vanor· Rikta in tjänsten till rätt segment· Erbjud flera betalningsalternativ· Gör det gratis eller billigt / E-commerce, often referred to shopping “anytime, anywhere”, has allowed consumers to do shopping at any hour of the day without ever leaving their home. Although E-commerce require the consumers to have access to a stationary computer in their homes. Mobile commerce and mobile payments overcame this obstacle and allowed consumer to shop wherever they want (Zmijewska., Lawrence &amp; Steele, 2007). Driven by the mobility of mobile phones there has been a fast increase in recent years in mobile commerce and mobile payment services, and both have increasingly become a part of consumers’ everyday life(Hwang, Shiau &amp; Jan, 2007). Mobile payments offer unique possibilities for businesses to improve the communications, increase the value for the consumers, and to be able to engage with the consumers wherever they are. This will strengthen the brand of the businesses and solidify their customer relationships (Early, 2014). However for businesses to follow the mobile payment trend and get the most value out of their mobile payment solutions it is important for them to know what factors to consider to increase the consumer adoption and acceptance of their mobile payment services. Dahlberg, Mallat, Ondrus and Zmijewska(2008) believe that more research is needed to enhance the current understanding of mobilepayment services and to improve the quality and relevance of mobile payment research(Dahlberg, Mallat, Ondrus and Zmijewska, 2008). The findings of this thesis are a set of factors that are believed to positively influence the consumer adoption intention of mobile payment. The findings are the following:· Go beyond transactions· Create a fast experience· Make it easy· Make it reliable· Adapt to the mobile phone· Make paying with the phone a pleasant experience· Counter the perceived security· Change the habits· Target the right segment· Offer an abundance of payment options· Make it free or cheap

Ce mémoire présente et analyse les dispositions législatives concernant la reconnaissance étatique de l'adoption coutumière. Afin de bien contextualiser la pratique de l'adoption coutumière, l'auteure s'emploie d'abord à expliciter la notion d'intérêt de l'enfant et à exposer le cadre juridique de l'adoption étatique. Les perspectives internationales de l'intérêt de l'enfant, son historique en droit interne, ainsi que les définitions et appréciations jurisprudentielles, doctrinales et législatives qu'on en retient font l'objet d'une présentation détaillée. Il en va de même du cadre juridique de l'adoption étatique dont l'évolution et les conditions légales sont exposées. Consacrée à l'adoption coutumière autochtone, la seconde partie trace d'abord un portrait général du contexte social et de l'environnement juridique dans lesquels évoluent les Autochtones. En ce sens, est notamment étudiée la Loi concernant les enfants, les jeunes et les familles des Premières Nations, des Inuits et des Métis (L.C. 2019, c. 24.). L'auteure s'attarde à décrire les onze nations autochtones et à exposer l'historique des interventions de l'État auprès des familles autochtones. Elle s'emploie ensuite à décrire et à analyser le cadre dans lequel se déploie l'adoption coutumière, relatant les revendications liées à la reconnaissance étatique traditionnellement recherchées, les modifications législatives auxquelles ces revendications ont récemment donné lieu et les enjeux qui en résultent. L'auteure aborde enfin l'épineuse question de l'intérêt de l'enfant autochtone auquel la reconnaissance étatique de l'adoption coutumière est subordonnée, s'interrogeant sur la pertinence d'un tel critère et sur ses effets régulateurs. / The author presents and analyzes the legislative provisions regarding the state's recognition of Aboriginal customary adoption. In order to contextualize the practice of customary adoption, the author will first explain the notion of a child's best interest and will then elaborate on the legal framework of state adoption. International perspectives on the notion of a child's best interest are studied as well as the history of the notion in internal law. The definitions and interpretations of this notion within case law, legislation and doctrine will be thoroughly examined. The legal framework of state adoption will also be analyzed by exposing its evolution and legal requirements. The second part of the present work is devoted to Aboriginal customary adoption and will begin by tracing a general portrait of the social context and legal environment in which Aboriginal people evolve. The Act respecting First Nations, Inuit and Métis children, youth and families (L.C. 2019, c. 24.) is particularly analyzed. The author studies the eleven First Nations along with the history of the state's interventions within Aboriginal families. She then describes and analyses the framework within which customary adoption is deployed, detailing the claims for state recognition that have traditionally been pursued, the recent legislative amendments that resulted from these claims along with potential implications that may arise from these amendments. The author will conclude by examining the delicate issue of the best interest of the Aboriginal child upon which the state's recognition of customary adoption is contingent and will question the relevance of such criteria and its regulating effect.

Patient decision support technology provides increasingly more opportunitiesto support disease self-management in the healthcare setting. However, it doescome with a disruptive impact on the health provision between health providerand patient. Recent work on the climate that they are introduced in in TheNetherlands, though, is lacking. Health professionals’ perceptions are informedby that adoption climate, but also shape it in turn. This study explores thethoughts, beliefs, perceptions, and attitudes of those Dutch healthprofessionals. It explores the perceptions on the adoption climate that isprojected or experienced for patient decision support technology in healthcare.The deployed qualitative approach is based on theory on the adoption space,complemented with an interaction model for e-health implementation. Ittargets both the health professionals’ beliefs on this technology, as theirprojections of the larger adoption climate. The health professionals consist ofgeneral practitioners, medical researchers, pharmacists, chronic pain therapists,nurses, and medical specialists. The analysis circles in on the value of healthprofessional interaction and the hindering force that is encountered inestablished mechanisms and health infrastructure. It furthermore proposes aset of guidelines for developments in patient decision support technology thatboth guides it as well as protects the current healthcare from downsides. Thestudy contributes in providing a first exploration of different healthprofessionals’ perceptions on the apparent adoption climate for patientdecision support technology in The Netherlands. The outcomes and guidelinescan furthermore serve future studies to expand on.

[pt] A desistência do filho ou devolução após a concretização da adoção não é reconhecida juridicamente, uma vez que a adoção possui caráter irrevogável. Assim, a devolução se configuraria como abandono, uma vez que o filho por adoção tem os mesmos direitos que o filho biológico. Todavia, durante o estágio de convivência e/ou guarda provisória, a devolução costuma acontecer por motivos diversos. Esta tese teve como objetivo investigar a vivência do processo de devolução de crianças/adolescentes na perspectiva dos pais adotantes. Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, na qual foram feitas entrevistas semiestruturadas com onze sujeitos independentes, nove mulheres e dois homens, moradores de diferentes estados do Brasil, que passaram por adoções malsucedidas. Verificou-se que o processo que leva à desistência do filho se dá, geralmente, pela intensificação dos conflitos durante o convívio mais direto. Os adotantes buscaram encontrar os motivos para o fracasso na adoção por meio da responsabilização dos profissionais à frente do caso e/ou da criança/adolescente. A temporalidade para a gestação simbólica do filho pareceu sofrer interferências tanto psíquicas quanto burocráticas. As falhas no reconhecimento da alteridade do filho apareceram como pano de fundo importante nas desistências do processo de adoção. O sofrimento dos adotantes se mostrou como aspecto que necessita de maior atenção, sobretudo nos momentos iniciais do estabelecimento do vínculo. Concluímos que o sentimento de incapacidade diante do projeto parental necessita de acolhimento e escuta por parte das equipes técnicas para que intervenções junto ao vínculo parento-filial possam ser feitas. / [en] The child s abandonment or odoption disruption is not legally recognized, since the adoption is irrevocable. Thus, the adoption disruption would be configured as abandonment, since the child by adoption has the same rights as the biological child. However, during the coexistence and / or provisional custody stage, the return usually happens for different reasons. This thesis aimed to investigate the experience of the adoption disruption of children / adolescents from the perspective of the adopting parents. A qualitative research was carried out, in which semi-structured interviews were conducted with eleven independent subjects, nine women and two men, living in different states of Brazil, who underwent unsuccessful adoptions. It was found that the process that leads to the abandonment of the child is usually due to the intensification of conflicts during the most direct interaction. The adopters sought to find the reasons for the failure in the adoption by holding the professionals in charge of the case and / or the child / adolescent accountable. The temporality for the child s symbolic pregnancy seemed to suffer both psychic and bureaucratic interference. Failures in recognizing the child s otherness appeared as an important background in the withdrawal from the adoption process. The adopters suffering proved to be an aspect that needs more attention, especially in the initial moments of establishing the bond. We conclude that the feeling of incapacity in the face of the parental project needs to be welcomed and listened to by the technical teams so that interventions with the parent-child bond can be made.

Background: Social networking mobile applications are designed to socially connect users among each other to consume but also to produce content. Especially because these apps represent a high potential to acquire revenue streams through advertisements, but also to gain customer insights, companies are interested in entering this market by creating new social networking apps. However, switching costs for users are high due to the varied user base of established social networking apps. Accordingly, marketing strategies need to be created to enter the market to target users’ interests. One concept to do so is distributing invitations for the social networking app that can be shared among users. The invite-only strategy has been successfully used to establish themselves in the market by for example Facebook, but also recently with the social networking app Clubhouse. To apply it effectively the motivators of the users to initially adopt invite-only social networking apps are important to understand. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to generate an in-depth understanding of the motivators that foster the initial user adoption of social networking mobile apps based on the invite-only strategy. To investigate the motivators, it is crucial for this study to gain knowledge from the user perspective. In that case, we will contribute our derived knowledge to the theory of technology acceptance, scarcity in digital marketing, and virtual social networking apps. Research Question: Why do users initially adopt social networking mobile applications using an invite-only strategy? Method: Ontology – Relativism; Epistemology – Social Constructionism; Approach –Inductive; Data Collection – 14 Semi-Structured In-Depth Interviews; Sampling –Purposive, Convenience, Snowball; Data Analysis – Grounded Analysis Conclusion: As a result, a framework was derived depicting the main motivators for users to initially adopt invite-only social networking apps. Through our empirical data, we found out that Artificial Scarcity, Closed Network, and Social Influence motivate users to initially adopt invite-only social networking apps. Additionally, Contributing Factors were identified to influence the initial adoption, although they are not directly influenced by the invite-only strategy. The framework further describes the interrelations between the identified sub-categories affecting the initial adoption. We conclude that the main motivators are desire- and fear-driven. The framework can be used by marketers to design invite-only strategies more effectively and consistently to attract a large group of initial users and establish themselves in the market.