O desenvolvimento econômico de um país tem, entre seus pilares, o consumo das famílias como fomento à atividade econômica. Desse modo, a atividade de intermediação financeira, típica da atividade bancária, executa o papel de aproximar o crédito do consumo, portanto contribuindo para o crescimento da economia. Com o tempo, as atividades financeiras tornaram-se complexas e riscos se originam associados a este cenário, entre os quais, o risco operacional. O risco operacional, por definição, resulta da perda em processos internos organizacionais, de falhas de pessoas, de sistemas inadequados ou de fraudes. Assim, para regular o ambiente de riscos e manter a saúde financeira das instituições financeiras, o Acordo de Basileia II, editado em 2004, trouxe parâmetros que definem premissas e modelos para o gerenciamento dos riscos e, em particular, do risco operacional. O Brasil, por sua vez, aderiu ao Basileia II e estabeleceu o primeiro semestre de 2013 para que as exigências de capital, para cobertura de riscos operacionais, passassem a vigorar. Nessa linha, este estudo apresenta uma pesquisa exploratória, aplicada a um caso múltiplo nas Financeiras do Rio Grande do Sul, com a utilização de técnicas estatísticas (descritiva, séries temporais e cálculos de probabilidades), combinadas com equações dos modelos de Basileia, onde identificam-se as estruturas de gerenciamentos de riscos operacionais, as perdas de natureza operacional e os Modelos de Basileia utilizados pelas Financeiras do RS; bem como, os respectivos resultados da combinação das perdas operacionais com os volumes alocados de capital. Por fim, conclui que os Modelos de Basileia utilizados, pelas Financeiras pesquisadas, estão em desacordo com as realidades de perdas operacionais experimentadas, portanto, sugerindo recomendações e melhorias em trabalhos futuros. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-06T13:02:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Edeni Malta da Silva.pdf: 1717259 bytes, checksum: 03b2871965612692c230202c9cfb5668 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-06T13:02:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Edeni Malta da Silva.pdf: 1717259 bytes, checksum: 03b2871965612692c230202c9cfb5668 (MD5) / The economic development of a country has, among its pillars, household consumption as encouraging economic activity. Thus, the financial intermediation activity, typical of banking, performs the role of bringing the credit consumption, thus contributing to the economy growth. Over time, financial activities have become complex and associated risks arise from this scenario, including the operational risk. Operational risk , by definition, results in loss of internal organizational processes, failure of people, inadequate systems or frauds. Thus, to regulate risk environment and maintain the financial health of the financial institutions, the Basel II Accord, published in 2004, brought parameters that define assumptions and models for risk management and, in particular, the operational risk . Brazil joined the Basel II and established the first half of 2013 for the capital requirements to cover operational risk. So, this study presents an exploratory research applied to multiple case, on the Financeiras of the Rio Grande do Sul, with the use of statistical techniques (descriptive, time series and probability calculations) combined with Basel models equations, that identified: the structures of operational risk management, the loss operational and the Basel models used by Financeiras RS, as well as the results of the combination of operating losses with volumes allocated capital. Finally, it concludes that the Basel models used by the financial surveyed, are at odds with the realities of experienced operating losses, thus suggesting improvements and recommendations for future work.

Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) investing is growing rapidly. Previous research in the area, has mostly been centered around ESG/CSR and its link to corporate financial performance, cost of capital and idiosyncratic risk. Furthermore, relevant previous research is presented that in part challenges the traditional market models and suggests that total risk is a relevant risk factor, instead of only the systematic risk, as proposed by normative theory. In this study, we develop two separate panel regression models, with separate dependent variables. Realized volatility and a GARCH (1,1) estimate of volatility. This is done in order to gain insight into if there is, as propositioned, a negative relation between high ESG/CSR performance and volatility of the shares, i.e. the total risk of the shares. The study uses ESG and financial data from Thomson Reuters Eikon database. The sample size is 481 firms from the S&P 500 Index, for the years 2009-2016. The results of this study indicate that there is a statistically significant negative relationship between high ESG/CSR performance and share price volatility. This result adds to the discussion that challenges existing theory.

O desenvolvimento econômico de um país tem, entre seus pilares, o consumo das famílias como fomento à atividade econômica. Desse modo, a atividade de intermediação financeira, típica da atividade bancária, executa o papel de aproximar o crédito do consumo, portanto contribuindo para o crescimento da economia. Com o tempo, as atividades financeiras tornaram-se complexas e riscos se originam associados a este cenário, entre os quais, o risco operacional. O risco operacional, por definição, resulta da perda em processos internos organizacionais, de falhas de pessoas, de sistemas inadequados ou de fraudes. Assim, para regular o ambiente de riscos e manter a saúde financeira das instituições financeiras, o Acordo de Basileia II, editado em 2004, trouxe parâmetros que definem premissas e modelos para o gerenciamento dos riscos e, em particular, do risco operacional. O Brasil, por sua vez, aderiu ao Basileia II e estabeleceu o primeiro semestre de 2013 para que as exigências de capital, para cobertura de riscos operacionais, passassem a vigorar. Nessa linha, este estudo apresenta uma pesquisa exploratória, aplicada a um caso múltiplo nas Financeiras do Rio Grande do Sul, com a utilização de técnicas estatísticas (descritiva, séries temporais e cálculos de probabilidades), combinadas com equações dos modelos de Basileia, onde identificam-se as estruturas de gerenciamentos de riscos operacionais, as perdas de natureza operacional e os Modelos de Basileia utilizados pelas Financeiras do RS; bem como, os respectivos resultados da combinação das perdas operacionais com os volumes alocados de capital. Por fim, conclui que os Modelos de Basileia utilizados, pelas Financeiras pesquisadas, estão em desacordo com as realidades de perdas operacionais experimentadas, portanto, sugerindo recomendações e melhorias em trabalhos futuros. / The economic development of a country has, among its pillars, household consumption as encouraging economic activity. Thus, the financial intermediation activity, typical of banking, performs the role of bringing the credit consumption, thus contributing to the economy growth. Over time, financial activities have become complex and associated risks arise from this scenario, including the operational risk. Operational risk , by definition, results in loss of internal organizational processes, failure of people, inadequate systems or frauds. Thus, to regulate risk environment and maintain the financial health of the financial institutions, the Basel II Accord, published in 2004, brought parameters that define assumptions and models for risk management and, in particular, the operational risk . Brazil joined the Basel II and established the first half of 2013 for the capital requirements to cover operational risk. So, this study presents an exploratory research applied to multiple case, on the Financeiras of the Rio Grande do Sul, with the use of statistical techniques (descriptive, time series and probability calculations) combined with Basel models equations, that identified: the structures of operational risk management, the loss operational and the Basel models used by Financeiras RS, as well as the results of the combination of operating losses with volumes allocated capital. Finally, it concludes that the Basel models used by the financial surveyed, are at odds with the realities of experienced operating losses, thus suggesting improvements and recommendations for future work.

M.Phil. / The premise of this research study was to study the phenomenon of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) in order to understand the processes and practices of risk management within First National Bank (FNB). Risk management became a favourite topic for discussion in the aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis (GFC). Some analysts, chief financial officers and observers have noted that risk management is to blame for the economic recession and myriad of bank failures that ensue. However, the intention of this research study was not to analyse the GFC or to devote itself entirely to defend risk management and risk managers.

M.Com. (Computer Auditing) / This dissertation aims to explore the entity characteristics associated with the implementation of the board-level stand-alone risk management committee (RMC) in South Africa. We developed a battery of econometric models based on triangulation of corporate governance theories which linked an entity’s decision to set up a separate risk management committee (RMC) in its board structures as a dependent variable and a host of entity-specific factors as independent variables. Data collected from audited annual reports of 181 JSE-listed non-financial entities was analysed using logistics regression estimation procedures. Our results show a strong positive relationship between the likelihood that an entity would establish a separate RMC, on the one hand, and board independence, board size, entity size, and industry type, on the other. Our study fails to find support for the hypothesis that an entity’s characteristics – such as the independence of the board chairman, the use of Big Four audit firms, financial reporting risks, and levels of financial leverage – do influence an entity’s decision to form a separate RMC. Our findings emphasize the role that information asymmetry between executive and non-executive directors, agency cost and potential damage to reputation capital of directors; diversity in background, expertise, and skills of directors; economies of scale in absorbing RMC costs; and industry-specific institutions and norms play in an entity’s decision to form a separate RMC. The implication of our findings is that policy-makers should consider the size and composition of boards and also take cognizance of entity size and industry-specific idiosyncrasies in setting recommended corporate governance practices.

Using data from twelve countries in the European Union over a 13-year period (2002-2015) with 9,707 observations, the effect of multinationality and the crisis on cash holdings is examined in a European setting. Both firm and country characteristics of firms are taken into account. This research contributes to the fields of risk management in the area of cash holdings and multinationality. Findings suggest that the cash ratio of companies is not significantly related to multinationality or the financial crisis. Moreover, findings show that, when taking determinants of cash holdings into account, Dutch firms have significantly higher cash holdings than eight out of eleven countries in the sample.

Limitations of Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) continue to present inconsistent empirical results despite its rm mathematical foundations provided in recent studies. In this thesis, we examine how estimation errors of the CAPM could be minimized using the cross-validation technique, a concept that is widely applied in machine learning (CV-CAPM). We apply our approach to test the assumption of CAPM as a well-diversified portfolio model with data from S&P500 and Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA). Our results from the CV-CAPM validate that both S&P500 and DJIA are well-diversified market indices with statistically insignificant variation in unsystematic risks during and after the 2007 financial crisis. Furthermore, the CV-CAPM provides the smallest root mean square errors and mean absolute deviations compared to the traditional CAPM.

Historic market volatility has made risk management decisions by firms in the agricultural supply chain more challenging. Market risk measurement methods, such as Value-at-Risk, were developed in the financial industry to objectively measure, and thus better comprehend, market risk's effect on positions. This thesis gives a thorough background of the issues involved with risk measurement. Different scenarios were then used to demonstrate how the risk measurement method can be applied to the agricultural processing margin. In this thesis, the flour milling margin was used to demonstrate how a firm can incorporate sophisticated risk analytics into its risk management decision making process. Multiple scenarios were developed to account for different situations faced by flour millers. Ocean freight, exchange rate risk, futures price risk, basis risk and flour price risk are all included to provide examples of how market risk measurement can be beneficial to industry participants.

Public private partnerships (PPPs) are procurement models used in the provision of public infrastructures and involving private, as opposed to public, finance. The PPP model differs from the traditional public procurement model in this sense and in the unprecedented degree to which the private sector is involved. All things being equal, the rationale for choosing a PPP instead of a traditional public procurement model is if it provides a better Value for Money. As a result, a crucial issue to address is to find the key drivers of Value for Money in PPP projects and most importantly, to analyze the relationships between those key drivers and the complex notion of Value for Money. This study is based on a large overview of the literature together with contributions of informal interviews and my own opinions. Emphasis is put on the importance of risk management from financiers’ perspective and its consequences on Value for Money. The findings highlight the current problems in the Value for Money assessment that make the analysis hardly reliable. Good and bad practices in Value for Money assessment are discussed and potential solutions and guidance toward more Value for Money are provided.

La era digital ha ocasionado que el comprador peruano migre hacia el e-commerce. Sin embargo, percibe ciertos riesgos los cuales influencian en su intención de adquirir algún producto por esta vía. Asimismo, estos riesgos varían de acuerdo a la categoría. Por ello, la presente trabajo estudiará los riesgos percibidos con respecto a la categoría maquillaje, debido a que investigaciones anteriores no han estudiado esta categoría, por lo cual se cubrirá esta deficiencia de conocimiento en el e-commerce. Las variables elegidas son el riesgo financiero, de privacidad, de producto, de conveniencia, compra y post-compra. Para poder comprobar las hipótesis se realizó una investigación mixta. Por un lado, en cuanto al estudio cualitativo, se realizaron 2 focus group a mujeres de 20 a 32 años que compren frecuentemente maquillaje por en canal online, y se realizaron 3 entrevistas a profundidad a expertos en el tema. Por otro lado, con respecto al estudio cuantitativo, se realizaron 250 cuestionarios al público en estudio. Finalmente, para comprobar las hipótesis planteadas, se realizó un análisis de regresión lineal múltiple entre la variable de intención de compra y los riesgos percibidos en su conjunto. Posteriormente, se obtuvo que las variables que influencian en la intención de compra son el riesgo de conveniencia y de producto. / The digital age has caused the Peruvian buyer to migrate to electronic commerce. However, he perceives certain risks which influence his intention to purchase a product through this channel. Similarly, these risks related to the category agreement. Therefore, the present work studying the perceived risks regarding the makeup category, due to previous research that has not studied this category, so this knowledge deficiency in e-commerce will be covered. The variables chosen are financial, privacy, product, convenience, purchase and post-purchase risk. In order to evaluate the hypotheses, a mixed investigation was carried out. On the one hand, regarding the qualitative study, 2 focus groups were used on women between 20 and 32 years of age who make up makeup by online channel, and 3 in-depth interviews were conducted with experts on the subject. On the other hand, regarding the quantitative study, 250 questionnaires were analyzed to the study public. Finally, to verify the hypotheses raised, a multiple linear regression analysis was performed between the purchase intention variable and the risks perceived as a whole. Subsequently, it is expected that the variables that influence the purchase intention are the convenience and product risk. / Trabajo de investigación