O linfoma difuso de grandes células B (LDGCB) é o linfoma não-Hodgkin mais comum em nossa instituição (49,5%) e a classificação da Organização Mundial da Saúde reconhece vários subtipos de LDGCB com base na morfologia, imuno-histoquímica (IHQ) e perfil molecular. Metade dos pacientes permanecem incuráveis com terapia padrão baseada no anticorpo monoclonal anti-CD20 (rituximabe) e quimioterapia baseada em antraciclina. Portanto, é necessário identificar pacientes de alto risco e melhorar o seu prognóstico. Na era pré-rituximabe, a melhor maneira de identificar esse grupo de alto risco baseava-se no Índice de Prognóstico Internacional (IPI). Mais recentemente, grande interesse em subtipos moleculares e a caracterização da assinatura gênica das células malignas têm sido publicados. Pacientes com perfil de expressão gênica do centro germinativo (CG) parecem ter melhor prognóstico do que aqueles com assinatura de células B ativadas. Algoritmos IHC correspondentes foram propostos e o de Hans é o mais usado. No entanto, estes indicadores prognósticos têm sido questionados na era rituximabe. Além da classificação molecular, imagem funcional das células tumorais com 18F-fluodesoxiglucose (18F-FDG), a tomografia por emissão de pósitrons (PET/CT) tem sido recomendada ao diagnóstico e final do tratamento para aumentar a acurácia do estadiamento e avaliação de resposta. Embora alguns estudos tenham demonstrado que PET ínterim pode prognosticar a eficácia do tratamento, não há consenso e a utilização da PETi permanece controversa. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o impacto de fatores prognósticos clínicos, da PETi após dois ciclos de quimioterapia, e a célula de origem (CO) usando o algoritmo de Hans, como ferramentas prognósticas em pacientes tratados com R-CHOP 21. Foram analisados prospectivamente 147 pacientes. Dados clínicos estavam disponíveis em 146 casos. PETi foi realizada em 111 pacientes e 114 pacientes foram classificados em CG e NCG pelo algoritmo IHC de Hans. Com mediana de seguimento de 42,8 meses, a sobrevida global (SG), sobrevida livre de progressão (SLP) e resposta global (RG) para todos os pacientes foram 73,8%, 84,3% e 87,7%, respectivamente. IPI, R-IPI e NCCN IPI foram todos preditivos de SG. O IPI NCCN foi capaz de melhor discriminar um grupo de alto risco quando comparado ao de outros índices prognósticos clínicos. Embora PETi- tenha identificado um grupo com melhor SG (89,3% SG para PETi- versus 77,5% para a PETi+)(p = 0,04), a SLP entre os dois grupos não foi prognóstica (p=0,45), com SLP em 30 meses de 87,7%/81,2% para PETi- e PET+, respectivamente. O algoritmo de Hans não foi preditivo de SG, SLP ou RG. Associado à PETi-, ser do CG identificou um grupo de muito bom prognóstico, com SG e SLP de 100% em 48 meses. A análise univariada e multivariada revelou que, além da PETi-, o IPI, R-IPI e IPI do NCCN, juntamente com algumas variáveis que compõem este índice, foram preditivos para o SG, SLP e resposta completa. Este estudo mostrou que os fatores prognósticos clínicos são relevantes na era R-CHOP e a PETI, junto com a CO, foram capazes de identificar um subgrupo de muito bom prognóstico. Nossos resultados necessitam de confirmação / Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma in our institution (49.5%) and the World Health Organization classification recognizes several subtypes of DLBCL based on morphology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and molecular analysis. A half of patients remain incurable with standard strategy with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (rituximab) and anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Therefore, it is necessary to identify high risk patients and improve their prognosis. In the pre-rituximab era, the best way to identify this high risk group was based on International Prognostic Index (IPI). More recently, lot of interest on molecular subtypes and aspects that characterize the gene signature of the malignant cells have been published. Patients with gene expression profile from germinal center (GC) seem to show better prognosis than those with Bcells activated signature. Correspondents algorithms based on IHC were proposed and Hans algorithm is the most commonly used. However these prognostic indicators have also been questioned in the rituximab era. In addition to the molecular classification, functional imaging of the tumor cells with 18F-fludeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography PET/CT has been recommended at diagnosis and at the end of treatment to improve accuracy of staging and response evaluation. Although some studies have shown that interim PET may be a prognostic indicator of effectiveness of treatment, there is no agreement and the use of interim PET as a prognostic factor remains controversial. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of clinical prognostic factors, interim imaging with 18F-FDG PET/CT after 2 cycles of treatment and cell of origin (CO) using Hans\' algorithm as prognostic tools in patients treated with R-CHOP 21. 147 DLBCL patients were analyzed prospectively and clinical data was available in 146 cases. 18 F-FDG interim PET/CT was performed in 111 patients and DLBCL was classified as GC and NGC subtype by IHC using Hans\'s algorithm in 114 patients. With a median follow-up of 42.8 months, overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS) and overall response (OR) for all patients were 73.8%, 84.3% and 87.7% respectively. IPI, R-IPI and NCCN IPI were all predictive of OS. NCCN IPI was able to better discriminate a high risk group comparable with other clinical prognostic indexes. Although negative iPET identified a group with better OS (89.3% OS for PETi- versus 77.5% for PETi+)(p=0.04), PFS between the two groups was not prognostic (p=0.45) with a 30 months PFS of 87.7% and 81.2%, for PETi- and PET+, respectively. Hans algorithm was not predictive for OS, PFS or OR. Instead it was, together with PETi- and CG origin, able to predict a very good prognostic group, with both 100% OS/PFS in 48 months. The univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that besides negative interim PET, IPI, R-IPI and NCCN IPI along with some variables that compose this indexes, were predictive for OS, PFS and complete response. This study showed that clinical prognostic factors are relevant in R-CHOP era and PETi, along with CO, were able to identify a very good prognostic subgroup. Our results should be confirmed in others studies

Células-tronco (CT) são células com um alto poder de indiferenciação, plasticidade celular e autorrenovação. Baseado na autorrenovação das CT, pesquisas recentes sugerem que uma falha durante este processo pode levar ao surgimento de um novo tipo de célula, sendo esta responsável pelo aparecimento, propagação e manutenção de diversos tipos de neoplasias. Além disso, apresenta resistência às formas de tratamento convencionais do câncer. Tais células foram denominadas de células-tronco tumorais (CTT). As CTT já foram caracterizadas em leucemias e em diversos tipos de tumores sólidos, porém, até o presente momento, não foram descritas em linfoma não- Hodgkin (LNH). Por esta razão, o presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a presença de CTT em pacientes com LNH. Biópsias de linfonodos e medulas ósseas (MO) de pacientes com LNH foram as fontes utilizadas para isolar e cultivar as CT mesenquimais. Uma vez caracterizadas as CTT, estas foram inoculadas em camundongos imunodeprimidos para observar uma possível formação de tumor. As células isoladas de biópsias de linfonodo não apresentaram CD133 positivo, marcador de membrana presente nas CTT, bem como não expressaram os genes de indiferenciação (Nanog e Oct-4) e não formaram tumores quando inoculadas nos animais. Por outro lado, as células isoladas de MO apresentaram subpopulações de células positivas para o CD133, expressaram os genes de indiferenciação e, após inoculadas, desenvolveram tumores em camundongos imunodeprimidos. Com isto, concluise que as células isoladas dos linfonodos possam ser fibroblastos, indicando, assim, uma dificuldade de se isolar as CTT deste material. Enquanto que, como já bem descrito e estabelecido na literatura, CT foram facilmente isoladas de MO, entretanto, quando isoladas de pacientes LNH foi ainda possível caracterizar a presença de uma subpopulação de CTT / Stem cells (SC) are undifferentiated cells, with high capacity of cellular plasticity and self-renewal. Based on the self-renewal, recent research suggests that a failure during this process, it can lead to the emergence of a new type of cell, which is responsible for the development, propagation and maintenance of several types of malignancies. Moreover, it is resistant to the conventional treatment of cancer. These cells are denominated as cancer stem cells (CSC). CSC were already characterized in leukemia and in several types of solid tumors. However, until the present moment nothing was described in non- Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). For this reason, the present study aimed to investigate the presence of CSC in patients with NHL. Biopsies of lymph nodes and bone marrow (BM) from patients with NHL were used for isolate and cultivate MSC. The techniques used to characterize these cells were flow cytometry and PCR. Once CSC were characterized, these cells were inoculated into immunodeficient animals to observe a possible tumor formation. Cells isolated from lymph node biopsies did not show the presence of CD133, a membrane marker present in the CSC, as well as did not express differentiation genes (Nanog and Oct-4) and no ability to form tumors in immunodeficient mice. In another hands, cells isolated from BM showed a subpopulation of CD133 positive, expressed undifferentiated genes and also after the inoculation was possible to observe the tumor formation in immunodeficient mice. In conclusion, isolated cells from lymph nodes could be fibroblasts, indicating a difficulty to isolate CSC from this material. Whereas, as already describe and establish in the literature, SC were easily isolate from MO. However, when isolated from NHL patients was possible to characterize the presence of CSC subpopulation

Submitted by Cleide Dantas (cleidedantas@ufpa.br) on 2014-02-10T15:42:43Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_DeteccaoGenomaVirus.pdf: 1156523 bytes, checksum: adbfd249282c1c9bfd93eb1f89898b80 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva (arosa@ufpa.br) on 2014-04-10T14:09:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao_DeteccaoGenomaVirus.pdf: 1156523 bytes, checksum: adbfd249282c1c9bfd93eb1f89898b80 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-04-10T14:09:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao_DeteccaoGenomaVirus.pdf: 1156523 bytes, checksum: adbfd249282c1c9bfd93eb1f89898b80 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / O vírus de Epstein Barr (EBV) é o agente causador da mononucleose infecciosa e está associado com várias desordens proliferativas malignas tais como: linfoma de Burkitt, linfoma de Hodgkin e linfomas não Hodgkin. Um total de 118 casos de linfomas diagnosticados no Hospital Ofir Loyola no período de 1996 e 2005 foram analisados no Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Brasil; com o objetivo de detectar o genoma do EBV mediante a identificação dos genes EBER 1 e EBNA1 em casos de doença de Hodgkin. Os espécimes parafinizados foram analisados por hibridização in situ (gene EBER 1) e PCR em tempo real (EBNA 1). Do total, 61% (72/118) dos pacientes eram do sexo masculino e 39% (46/118) do sexo feminino com faixa etária variando entre 3- 98 anos. Sessenta e cinco (55%) foram diagnosticados como doença de Hodgkin e cinqüenta e três (45%) como linfomas não-Hodgkin. O EBV foi identificado nas células Reed Sternberg e variantes em 76,9% (50/65) dos casos de linfoma de Hodgkin com idade média de 28,3 anos (variação, 2-84 anos). Os subtipos histológicos de casos EBV-positivos foram o seguinte: esclerose nodular em 50% (25/50), celularidade mista em 28% (14/50), depleção linfocitária em 14% (7/50) e predominância linfocitária em 8% (4/50). O DNA do EBV foi detectado em 53% (26/49) com um coeficiente de regressão para a curva padrão de 0,99. Este estudo foi a primeira descrição do vírus de Epstein Barr em casos de doença de Hodgkin na região Norte do Brasil; reforçando a hipótese de que o EBV seja um co-fator no processo de transformação neoplásica em conjunto com a predisposição genética e imunidade do paciente, justificando a condução de estudos posteriores a nível molecular. / EBV is the causative agent of infectious mononucleosis and is associated with several malignant proliferative disorders such as Burkitt’s lymphoma, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, some B and T cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. A total of 118 cases of lymphomas diagnosed between 1996 and 2005 were obtained from Instituto Ofir Loyola and analyzed at the Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Brazil. The main objective of the study was to assess the association of Hodgkin’s disease subtypes with sex, age, geographic origin and to determine the prevalence of EBER 1 gene and EBNA 1 gene in cases of Hodgkin´s disease. The EBV antigens using EBER 1 probe in situ hybridization (HIS) and real time quantitative PCR EBV DNA were detected in forty-nine and which were compared with HIS. From the total were obtained 61% (72/118) were male and 39% (46/118) female; patient age ranged from 3 to 98 years. Sixty-five (55%) were diagnosed as having Hodgkin´s disease and fifty-three (45%) were non- Hodgkin´s malignant lymphomas. EBV was identified in the Reed-Sternberg cells and variants in 77% (50/65) of Hodgkin´s disease cases, the median age were 28.3 years (range, 2-84). The histologic subtypes of EBV-positive cases were as follows: nodular sclerosis in 50% (25/50), mixed cellularity in 28% (14/50), lymphocyte depletion in 14% (7/50) and lymphocyte predominance in 8% (4/50). We detected EBV DNA in 53% (26/49) with a coefficient of regression for the standard curve of a minimum of 0.99. These results were the first demonstration of the role of Epstein Barr virus in cases of Hodgkin diseases in northern Brazil and are consistent with the hypothesis that the presence of EBV during neoplasic transformation could be are additional cofactor acting together with both genetic predisposition and immunity of the patient. Further and broader studies are needed in the Amazon region to clarify the relationship between EBV and Hodgkin´s disease.

O linfoma difuso de grandes células B (LDGCB) é o linfoma não-Hodgkin mais comum em nossa instituição (49,5%) e a classificação da Organização Mundial da Saúde reconhece vários subtipos de LDGCB com base na morfologia, imuno-histoquímica (IHQ) e perfil molecular. Metade dos pacientes permanecem incuráveis com terapia padrão baseada no anticorpo monoclonal anti-CD20 (rituximabe) e quimioterapia baseada em antraciclina. Portanto, é necessário identificar pacientes de alto risco e melhorar o seu prognóstico. Na era pré-rituximabe, a melhor maneira de identificar esse grupo de alto risco baseava-se no Índice de Prognóstico Internacional (IPI). Mais recentemente, grande interesse em subtipos moleculares e a caracterização da assinatura gênica das células malignas têm sido publicados. Pacientes com perfil de expressão gênica do centro germinativo (CG) parecem ter melhor prognóstico do que aqueles com assinatura de células B ativadas. Algoritmos IHC correspondentes foram propostos e o de Hans é o mais usado. No entanto, estes indicadores prognósticos têm sido questionados na era rituximabe. Além da classificação molecular, imagem funcional das células tumorais com 18F-fluodesoxiglucose (18F-FDG), a tomografia por emissão de pósitrons (PET/CT) tem sido recomendada ao diagnóstico e final do tratamento para aumentar a acurácia do estadiamento e avaliação de resposta. Embora alguns estudos tenham demonstrado que PET ínterim pode prognosticar a eficácia do tratamento, não há consenso e a utilização da PETi permanece controversa. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o impacto de fatores prognósticos clínicos, da PETi após dois ciclos de quimioterapia, e a célula de origem (CO) usando o algoritmo de Hans, como ferramentas prognósticas em pacientes tratados com R-CHOP 21. Foram analisados prospectivamente 147 pacientes. Dados clínicos estavam disponíveis em 146 casos. PETi foi realizada em 111 pacientes e 114 pacientes foram classificados em CG e NCG pelo algoritmo IHC de Hans. Com mediana de seguimento de 42,8 meses, a sobrevida global (SG), sobrevida livre de progressão (SLP) e resposta global (RG) para todos os pacientes foram 73,8%, 84,3% e 87,7%, respectivamente. IPI, R-IPI e NCCN IPI foram todos preditivos de SG. O IPI NCCN foi capaz de melhor discriminar um grupo de alto risco quando comparado ao de outros índices prognósticos clínicos. Embora PETi- tenha identificado um grupo com melhor SG (89,3% SG para PETi- versus 77,5% para a PETi+)(p = 0,04), a SLP entre os dois grupos não foi prognóstica (p=0,45), com SLP em 30 meses de 87,7%/81,2% para PETi- e PET+, respectivamente. O algoritmo de Hans não foi preditivo de SG, SLP ou RG. Associado à PETi-, ser do CG identificou um grupo de muito bom prognóstico, com SG e SLP de 100% em 48 meses. A análise univariada e multivariada revelou que, além da PETi-, o IPI, R-IPI e IPI do NCCN, juntamente com algumas variáveis que compõem este índice, foram preditivos para o SG, SLP e resposta completa. Este estudo mostrou que os fatores prognósticos clínicos são relevantes na era R-CHOP e a PETI, junto com a CO, foram capazes de identificar um subgrupo de muito bom prognóstico. Nossos resultados necessitam de confirmação / Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma in our institution (49.5%) and the World Health Organization classification recognizes several subtypes of DLBCL based on morphology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and molecular analysis. A half of patients remain incurable with standard strategy with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (rituximab) and anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Therefore, it is necessary to identify high risk patients and improve their prognosis. In the pre-rituximab era, the best way to identify this high risk group was based on International Prognostic Index (IPI). More recently, lot of interest on molecular subtypes and aspects that characterize the gene signature of the malignant cells have been published. Patients with gene expression profile from germinal center (GC) seem to show better prognosis than those with Bcells activated signature. Correspondents algorithms based on IHC were proposed and Hans algorithm is the most commonly used. However these prognostic indicators have also been questioned in the rituximab era. In addition to the molecular classification, functional imaging of the tumor cells with 18F-fludeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography PET/CT has been recommended at diagnosis and at the end of treatment to improve accuracy of staging and response evaluation. Although some studies have shown that interim PET may be a prognostic indicator of effectiveness of treatment, there is no agreement and the use of interim PET as a prognostic factor remains controversial. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of clinical prognostic factors, interim imaging with 18F-FDG PET/CT after 2 cycles of treatment and cell of origin (CO) using Hans\' algorithm as prognostic tools in patients treated with R-CHOP 21. 147 DLBCL patients were analyzed prospectively and clinical data was available in 146 cases. 18 F-FDG interim PET/CT was performed in 111 patients and DLBCL was classified as GC and NGC subtype by IHC using Hans\'s algorithm in 114 patients. With a median follow-up of 42.8 months, overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS) and overall response (OR) for all patients were 73.8%, 84.3% and 87.7% respectively. IPI, R-IPI and NCCN IPI were all predictive of OS. NCCN IPI was able to better discriminate a high risk group comparable with other clinical prognostic indexes. Although negative iPET identified a group with better OS (89.3% OS for PETi- versus 77.5% for PETi+)(p=0.04), PFS between the two groups was not prognostic (p=0.45) with a 30 months PFS of 87.7% and 81.2%, for PETi- and PET+, respectively. Hans algorithm was not predictive for OS, PFS or OR. Instead it was, together with PETi- and CG origin, able to predict a very good prognostic group, with both 100% OS/PFS in 48 months. The univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that besides negative interim PET, IPI, R-IPI and NCCN IPI along with some variables that compose this indexes, were predictive for OS, PFS and complete response. This study showed that clinical prognostic factors are relevant in R-CHOP era and PETi, along with CO, were able to identify a very good prognostic subgroup. Our results should be confirmed in others studies

Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-10-04T19:49:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MarianyOliveira.pdf: 2011433 bytes, checksum: 0c698b1c9b1cd49abde1a5c6be92d253 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-04T19:49:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarianyOliveira.pdf: 2011433 bytes, checksum: 0c698b1c9b1cd49abde1a5c6be92d253 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-11 / Introduction: The growing number of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) survivors and the lower quality of life (QoL) survivors have been accompanied by the clustering of difficult symptoms. Also, the categorization of survivors from similar characteristics, has been presented as a strategy in the care of this population. Objective: To analyze QoL and clustering of symptoms in NHL survivors. Methods: Cross-sectional study with a non-probabilistic, 79 patients / survivors followed up at a specialized oncohematology outpatient clinic. The EORTC-QLQC30 (QoL), the Revised Piper Fatigue Scale-RPFS (fatigue), the Distress Thermometer-DT (distress), the Mini-Sleep Questionnaire-MSQ (sleep disorders) and the Visual Analog ScaleVAS (pain), as well as socioeconomic, demographic and clinical data were used. Results: Survivors averaged 57,24 (SD = 5.10) years of age, 70.88% were 50 years old or older, 53,16% were males, and 65,82% had a good level of Karnofsky Performance Status Scale (KPS). The mean time since diagnosis was 3,29 years (SD = 3,67), 36,70% were in acute survival, followed by extended survival (24,05%) and long-term survival (19,00%). The overall mean QoL was high (73,12, SD=18,93). Few reported fatigue (18,31%). More than half reported some sleep disturbance and presence of pain, 56,05% and 56,96%, respectively. The prevalence of distress was quite high (81,69%). 62,02% of the sample reported some clustering of symptoms, the most prevalent: distress-pain-sleep disorder (20,25%), distress-pain (11,39%) e distress-pains-sleep disorder-fatigue (11,39%). Survival categories with active disease had worse overall QoL (p = 0.0073) and worse role performance (p = 0.0005). There was significant association between QoL and survival categories (p = 0.0397), with higher means among the categories in remission. Overall QoL scores were higher in the groups with distress (p = 0.0129) and pain (p = 0.0331). No significant association was found between the selected clusters of symptoms and global QoL. Conclusion: The means of QoL were high. The most prevalent survival categories were acute, followed by extended and long term. Association significant between QoL and survival categories was observed, and the categories in remission presented better overall QoL levels. Differences were found between the means of QoL in the distress and pain groups. Clusters of symptoms were present in more than half of the survivors. Distress-pain-sleep disorder was the most frequent. There was no association between the main clusters of symptoms and QoL. / Introdução: O aumento progressivo de sobreviventes de Linfoma não Hodgkin (LNH) e os níveis inferiores de qualidade de vida (QV) vêm sendo acompanhados da ocorrência agrupada de sintomas difíceis. Também, a categorização de sobreviventes, a partir de características semelhantes, vem sendo apresentada como estratégia no seu cuidado. Objetivo: Analisar QV e agrupamento de sintomas em sobreviventes de LNH. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo transversal, com amostra não-probabilística, de 79 pacientes/sobreviventes acompanhados em ambulatórios especializados de oncohematologia. Foram utilizados as escalas EORTCQLQC30 (QV), a Escala de Fadiga de Piper Revisada-EFPR (fadiga), o Termômetro de Distress – TD (distress), o Questionário Mini-Sleep-QMS (distúrbio do sono) e a Escala Visual Analógica-EVA (dor), além de dados socioeconômicos, comportamentais e clínicos. Resultados: Os sobreviventes tinham em média 57,24 anos (dp=5,10), 70,88% tinha 50 anos ou mais, 53,16% eram do sexo masculino, e 65,82% tinham bom nível na Escala de Funcionalidade de Karnofsky (KPS). O tempo médio de diagnóstico foi de 3,29 anos (dp=3,67), 36,70% estavam em sobrevivência aguda, seguidos de sobrevivência estendida (24,05%) e de longo prazo (19,00%). A média global de QV foi elevada (73,12±18,93). Poucos relataram fadiga (18,31%). Mais da metade tinha alguma alteração do sono e presença de dor, 56,05% e 56,96%, respectivamente. A prevalência de distress foi bastante elevada (81,69%). 62,02% da amostra apresentava algum agrupamento de sintomas, sendo os mais prevalentes: distress-dordistúrbio do sono (20,25%), distress-dor (11,39%) e distress-dor-distúrbio do sono-fadiga (11,39%). Categorias de sobrevivência com doença ativa tiveram pior medida global de QV (p=0,0073) e pior desempenho de papeis (p=0,0005). Houve associação significante entre QV e categorias de sobrevivência (p=0,0397), com médias maiores entre as categorias em remissão. Os escores globais da QV foram mais elevados nos grupos com distress (p=0,0129) e com dor (p=0,0331), com diferenças significantes. Não foi encontrada associação significante entre grupos de sintomas selcionados e QV global. Conclusão: A média de QV global foi elevada. As categorias de sobrevivência mais prevalentes foram a aguda, seguida da estendida e da de longo prazo. Foi observada associação entre QV e categorias de sobrevivência, tendo as categorias em remissão apresentado melhores níveis de QV global. Foram encontradas diferenças entre as médias de QV nos grupos com distress e com dor. Os agrupamentos de sintomas estiveram presentes em mais da metade dos sobreviventes, sendo distress-dordistúrbio do sono o mais frequente. Não houve associação entre os principais agrupamentos de sintomas e a QV.

<p>Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is characterised histologically by a minority of malignant Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells surrounded by benign cells, and clinically by a relatively good prognosis. The treatment, however, leads to a risk of serious side effects. Knowledge about the biology of the disease, particularly the interaction between the HRS cells and the surrounding cells, is essential in order to improve diagnosis and treatment. </p><p>HL patients with abundant eosinophils in the tumours have a poor prognosis, therefore the eosinophil derived protein eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) was studied. Serum-ECP (S-ECP) was elevated in most HL patients. It correlated to number of tumour eosinophils, nodular sclerosis (NS) histology, and the negative prognostic factors high erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and blood leukocyte count (WBC). A polymorphism in the ECP gene (434(G>C)) was identified and the 434GG genotype correlated to NS histology and high ESR.</p><p>The poor prognosis in patients with abundant eosinophils in the tumours has been proposed to depend on HRS cell stimulation by the eosinophils via a CD30 ligand (CD30L)-CD30 interaction. However, CD30L mRNA and protein were detected in mast cells and the predominant CD30L expressing cell in HL is the mast cell. Mast cells were shown to stimulate HRS cell lines via CD30L-CD30 interaction. The number of mast cells in HL tumours correlated to worse relapse-free survival, NS histology, high WBC, and low blood haemoglobin. </p><p>Survival in patients with early and intermediate stage HL, diagnosed between 1985 and 1992, was generally favourable and comparatively limited treatment was sufficient to produce acceptable results for most stages. The majority of relapses could be salvaged. Patients treated with a short course of chemotherapy and radiotherapy had an excellent outcome.</p><p>In conclusion prognosis is favourable in early and intermediate stages and there are possibilities for further improvements based on the fact that mast cells and eosinophils affect the biology and prognosis of HL.</p>

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is characterised histologically by a minority of malignant Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells surrounded by benign cells, and clinically by a relatively good prognosis. The treatment, however, leads to a risk of serious side effects. Knowledge about the biology of the disease, particularly the interaction between the HRS cells and the surrounding cells, is essential in order to improve diagnosis and treatment. HL patients with abundant eosinophils in the tumours have a poor prognosis, therefore the eosinophil derived protein eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) was studied. Serum-ECP (S-ECP) was elevated in most HL patients. It correlated to number of tumour eosinophils, nodular sclerosis (NS) histology, and the negative prognostic factors high erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and blood leukocyte count (WBC). A polymorphism in the ECP gene (434(G&gt;C)) was identified and the 434GG genotype correlated to NS histology and high ESR. The poor prognosis in patients with abundant eosinophils in the tumours has been proposed to depend on HRS cell stimulation by the eosinophils via a CD30 ligand (CD30L)-CD30 interaction. However, CD30L mRNA and protein were detected in mast cells and the predominant CD30L expressing cell in HL is the mast cell. Mast cells were shown to stimulate HRS cell lines via CD30L-CD30 interaction. The number of mast cells in HL tumours correlated to worse relapse-free survival, NS histology, high WBC, and low blood haemoglobin. Survival in patients with early and intermediate stage HL, diagnosed between 1985 and 1992, was generally favourable and comparatively limited treatment was sufficient to produce acceptable results for most stages. The majority of relapses could be salvaged. Patients treated with a short course of chemotherapy and radiotherapy had an excellent outcome. In conclusion prognosis is favourable in early and intermediate stages and there are possibilities for further improvements based on the fact that mast cells and eosinophils affect the biology and prognosis of HL.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.