TITLE: Extra-curricular activities as a support to the School educational programmes SUMMARY: The diploma thesis deals with the theme of extra-curricular activities and their supporting the curricular documents. The objectives of this thesis are to describe how extra-curricular activities support the School Education Programmes and the acquisition of the cross-curricular subjects after class. To meet these objectives the author applies triangulation of qualitative methods with the grounded theory design. The benefits of this thesis lie in pointing out the fact that leisure time activities can support the acqusition of the cross curricular subjects in schools and the provision of further findings about the possibilities of extra-curricular activities within the frame of the School Education Programmes.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T14:31:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silene Fontana.pdf: 2971789 bytes, checksum: 112cf870f1abdfe58c8524941a82ea9f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study aims to analyze, by means of two case studies, some movement for the construction of the curriculum of Full-Time Education in an educational context formed by a partnership between two institutions: an elementary school, which includes the formal dimension of education and an Urban Social Center (USC), a socioeducative institution that represents the dimension of the non-formal education, both located in the city of Barretos (SP, Brazil). This study was developed from the participation in the full time project when it was observed that the movements toward the organization of the aforementioned school allowed to infer at first a bias between the formal and non-formal, which was consolidated later on in a diffuse perception of the process and the project, which caused an opening to better understand what is the full time school in the formal and non-formal dimensions. This research was developed from two case studies, C1 and C2, in an elementary school from 1st to 5th grade and an Urban Social Center (USC), which caters to that school unit a full time project. The choice of these institutions occurred because of their location: a neighborhood of lower socioeconomic class of a city in the state of São Paulo. This study brought together teachers, the school principal, and USC educators. The results for the first case study showed that most participants understand the Full Time School (FTS) as a supplementary period of learning. On the overall, the teachers and the school principal pointed out more negative aspects (N=25) than positive ones (N=22) and most report not seeing differences between those students who attend full-time and those who attend part-time school. No differences were noticed regarding the average grades of full-time students and part-time ones. In Case 2, three of the USC educators reported the FTS as being a place where the student stays all day long, and three others as a fully equipped place to meet the needs of students and a place that facilitates the students daily routines and their safety. The main positive aspect mentioned in relation to the FTS was the safety sensation that the school provides for working parents who do not have a place where to leave their children. As a negative aspect, they point out the lack of interaction between parents and children and the students fatigue. The USC offers children/teens dance workshops, physical education and drama. From these studies, it was possible to evaluate the results on the operation of the program or project and on tutoring classes aimed at strengthening the students' learning of their curricular subjects. Moreover, the results also pointed out scarce equipment and teaching resources, and insufficient spaces for the students to rest and have recreation. Thus, it was concluded that, comparing what was intended with the full time school with what the literature on this subject shows, the USC, considered as such, was classified as a non-formal education center / O presente trabalho objetiva analisar, por meio de dois estudos de caso, alguns movimentos realizados para a construção do currículo da Educação de Tempo Integral em um contexto educacional formado pela parceria entre duas instituições: uma escola de ensino fundamental, que compreende a dimensão formal da educação e um Centro Social Urbano (CSU), instituição socioeducativa que representa a dimensão não formal da educação, ambos localizados na cidade de Barretos (SP). Este estudo desenvolveu-se a partir da participação no projeto de tempo integral ao observar que os movimentos em direção à organização da referida escola permitiram inferir, inicialmente, um viés entre o formal e o não formal, que se consubstanciou, mais tarde, em uma percepção difusa do processo e do projeto, o que provocou uma abertura para compreender melhor o que é a escola de tempo integral, nas dimensões do formal e do não formal. Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida, partir de dois estudos, E1 e E2, em uma escola de ensino fundamental de 1º ao 5º ano e em um Centro Social Urbano (CSU), que atende à referida unidade escolar, com projeto integral. A escolha dessas instituições ocorreu pelo fato de localizaram-se em um bairro de classe socioeconômica baixa de uma cidade do interior do estado de São Paulo. Participaram professores e diretor da escola e educadores do CSU. Os resultados referentes ao Estudo 1 mostraram que a maioria dos participantes entendem a Escola de Tempo Integral (ETI) como um período complementar ao aprendizado da escola. Na avaliação total, os docentes e diretor apontaram mais aspectos negativos (N=25) do que positivos (N=22) e a maioria relata não ver diferenças entre os alunos que frequentam o período integral e o parcial. Quanto às médias das notas dos alunos de período integral e parcial, não se notou diferenças. No Estudo 2, três dos profissionais do CSU relataram ser a ETI um local em que o aluno permanece o dia inteiro, e outros três um local totalmente equipado para suprir as necessidades dos alunos e um local que facilita o dia a dia e a segurança do aluno. O principal aspecto positivo citado em relação à ETI foi a segurança que a escola fornece aos pais que trabalham e não têm um local para deixar o filho. E, como aspecto negativo, a falta de convivência entre pais e filhos e o cansaço dos alunos. O CSU oferece às crianças/adolescentes oficinas de dança, educação física e teatro. A partir desses Estudos, foi possível avaliar os resultados sobre o funcionamento do programa ou do Projeto e sobre as oficinas curriculares de reforço que visavam retomar o conteúdo aplicado no currículo básico. Além disso, os resultados apontaram também os escassos equipamentos e recursos pedagógicos, além de insuficientes espaços para descanso e lazer dos alunos. Dessa forma, concluiu-se que, cotejando o que se pretendia com escola de tempo integral com o que a literatura sobre o tema aponta, o CSU, considerado como tal, passou a ser classificado como um local de educação não formal

Em função da adequação reduzida da educação formal para atender às necessidades do estudante e da sociedade, este trabalho apresenta o livro-texto de natureza auto-instrutiva como elemento central de transição gradativa para uma educação menos formal. Nesse sentido, procura-se apresentar as características, vantagens e limitações dos sistemas educativos formais e não formais e o papel do \"livro para aprendizagem\" no planejamento e implantação de sistemas não formais, como um material instrucional criado com base nos princípios científicos da aprendizagem. O arcabouço teórico que sustentou tais princípios formou-se principalmente a partir de quatro autores, considerados como referência obrigatória aos estudiosos da ciência educacional. Dib; Bloom; Kolb; Felder. A escolha do tema contabilidade introdutória deve-se a sua importância como um pilar de sustentação ao curso de ciências contábeis, comprovado pelos inúmeros livros disponíveis no mercado, e pela experiência profissional do pesquisador, como contador e como docente da disciplina em questão. A partir das características verificadas nos livros-textos existentes e de idéias desenvolvidas na revisão da literatura foi proposto um modelo de referência que contivesse os atributos funcionais desejáveis num livro-texto que atenda às características de um ensino menos formal. Para tanto foram analisados 10 livros de contabilidade introdutória das principais editoras com o intuito de verificar a presença ou ausência desses atributos, e quando presentes em que grau. Com a presente pesquisa espera-se oferecer uma contribuição a elaboração de livros-textos aplicados ao ensino de contabilidade introdutória, evidenciar sua importância em termos de auto-aprendizagem e finalmente sugere-se a inclusão de objetivos instrucionais, seleção e organização de conteúdos; recursos utilizados; recursos complementares mínimos necessários que um livro-livro deve contemplar na busca de alternativas inovadoras em educação. / According to the suitable reduction of formal education to supply the society and the students\' needs, this article presents the text-book with self-instructive nature as a central element of gradual transition for a less formal education. This way, it tries to show the features, advantages and limitations from formal and non-formal educational systems and the \"book for learning\" role on planning and introduction of non formal systems, as an instructional material created with base on learning scientific principles. The theoretical framework, which supported such principles, was created mainly from four authors, considered as an obligatory reference for those who study the educational science. Dib; Bloom; Kolb; Felder. The theme introductory accountancy was chosen due to its importance as a pillar for the course of accountancy science. It was confirmed by the countless books available in the market and by the researcher\'s professional experience, as an accountant and as a professor of the referred subject. From the features checked on the existing text-books and from ideas developed on the literature review, a reference pattern was proposed, which had the desirable functional attributes in a book that attends the features of a less formal teaching. Therefore, ten books of introductory accountancy were analysed with the intention of verifying the presence or absence of these attributes, and whether present, in which degree. With such research, it is offered some contribution to the preparation of text-books applied to the introductory accountancy teaching, showing its importance in terms of self-learning and it finally suggests the inclusion of instructional purposes, contents selection and organization, used resources, minimum complementary resources needed in a text-book for searching innovating alternatives in teaching.

Magister Educationis - MEd / This research was motivated by my interest in the sport and the systems of provision of the education on Robben Island. The problem that gave rise to the study was to determine how political prisoners were able to organise prisoner education (political education and non-formal education) and participate in prison-sponsored education (formal education) and to find answers to the question of what impact education had on the sport that they agitated for.

Partie de faits empiriques observés au Burkina Faso, cette thèse aborde la question des déterminants de la qualité de l’éducation. Bien que la Loi d’orientation de l’éducation ait définie une vision holistique, le système éducatif de ce pays est cloisonné en formel, non formel et informel. Le système formel est dominant mais peu performant. Le système non formel est marginalisé mais est porteur de qualité. Qu’est-ce qui explique cette qualité du non formel malgré sa marginalisation ? Comme réponse provisoire, l’auteur fait appel à l’ingénierie de formation, procède par une triangulation de théories interactionnistes pour cerner les cinq formules éducatives constituant l’objet d’observation central de la thèse. La recherche révèle deux phases dans le développement des formules éducatives: une phase d’investigation où les acteurs vivent des moments d’idéation, d’analyse puis de conception portant sur les solutions à trouver aux problèmes éducatifs; Une phase de mise en œuvre où ils réalisent le projet éducatif validé, suivent et évaluent activités, résultats et procèdent à leur diffusion. Positionnée dans l’éducation non formelle, l’ingénierie de formation s’enrichit de deux nouvelles étapes: l’idéation ou l’émergence de la commande sociale en éducation, et la diffusion, moyen de réingénierie des formules éducatives. En somme, la recherche aboutit au fait que le développement des alternatives éducatives mobilise une ingénierie de formation, source de leur qualité. Cette qualité influence le système formel. Ainsi, les systèmes formel et non formel échangent des approches et pratiques inscrivant le champ éducatif dans une logique de transaction sociale et de métissage. / Part of empirical facts observed in Burkina Faso, this thesis addresses the question of the determinants of the quality of education. Although the Education Orientation Law has defined a holistic vision, the education system in Burkina Faso is partitioned into formal, non-formal and informal. The formal system is dominant but inefficient. The non-formal system is marginalized but carries quality. What explains this quality of non-formal despite its marginalization? As an interim response, the author uses training engineering, proceeds by a triangulation of interactionist theories to identify the five educational formulas constituting the central observation object of the thesis.The research reveals two phases in the development of educational formulas: an investigation phase where the actors live moments of ideation, analysis and conception concerning the solutions to be found to the educational problems; An implementation phase where they carry out the validated educational project, monitor and evaluate activities, results and disseminate them. Positioned in non-formal education, training engineering is enriched by two new stages: ideation or the emergence of social demand in education, and dissemination, a means of re-engineering educational formulas.In sum, the research leads to the fact that the development of educational alternatives mobilizes a training engineering that ensures them a quality education. This quality influences the formal education system. Thus, the formal and non-formal systems exchange approaches and practices that place the educational field in a logic of social transaction and miscegenation.

Vyresniųjų klasių mokinių požiūrio į teisinių žinių svarbą neformalaus ugdymo procese ištyrimas turėtų padėti išspręsti neformalių mokinių teisinės sąmonės ugdymo būdų suvokimo problemą. Šio magistrinio darbo tyrimo objektas yra mokinių požiūris į teisinių žinių aktualizavimą neformalaus ugdymo procese. Tyrimo tikslas yra atskleisti vyresniųjų klasių mokinių požiūrį į teisinių žinių aktualizavimo galimybes neformalaus ugdymo procese. Tyrimo tikslui pasiekti yra naudojamas teorinio (literatūros, dokumentų analizė) ir empirinio tyrimo (kiekybinis) metodai. / The research into the students’ approach to the promotion of legal knowledge in the process of non-formal education should help to solve the problem of students’ perception of the possibilities to form legal consciousness. The object of this thesis paper is the research of students’ approach to the promotion of legal knowledge in the process of non-formal education. The aim of the paper is to reveal the attitude of senior students towards the possibilities of the promotion. The methods to reach the aim are: the theoretical (the analysis of documents and literature) and the empirical (the quantitative).

Em função da adequação reduzida da educação formal para atender às necessidades do estudante e da sociedade, este trabalho apresenta o livro-texto de natureza auto-instrutiva como elemento central de transição gradativa para uma educação menos formal. Nesse sentido, procura-se apresentar as características, vantagens e limitações dos sistemas educativos formais e não formais e o papel do \"livro para aprendizagem\" no planejamento e implantação de sistemas não formais, como um material instrucional criado com base nos princípios científicos da aprendizagem. O arcabouço teórico que sustentou tais princípios formou-se principalmente a partir de quatro autores, considerados como referência obrigatória aos estudiosos da ciência educacional. Dib; Bloom; Kolb; Felder. A escolha do tema contabilidade introdutória deve-se a sua importância como um pilar de sustentação ao curso de ciências contábeis, comprovado pelos inúmeros livros disponíveis no mercado, e pela experiência profissional do pesquisador, como contador e como docente da disciplina em questão. A partir das características verificadas nos livros-textos existentes e de idéias desenvolvidas na revisão da literatura foi proposto um modelo de referência que contivesse os atributos funcionais desejáveis num livro-texto que atenda às características de um ensino menos formal. Para tanto foram analisados 10 livros de contabilidade introdutória das principais editoras com o intuito de verificar a presença ou ausência desses atributos, e quando presentes em que grau. Com a presente pesquisa espera-se oferecer uma contribuição a elaboração de livros-textos aplicados ao ensino de contabilidade introdutória, evidenciar sua importância em termos de auto-aprendizagem e finalmente sugere-se a inclusão de objetivos instrucionais, seleção e organização de conteúdos; recursos utilizados; recursos complementares mínimos necessários que um livro-livro deve contemplar na busca de alternativas inovadoras em educação. / According to the suitable reduction of formal education to supply the society and the students\' needs, this article presents the text-book with self-instructive nature as a central element of gradual transition for a less formal education. This way, it tries to show the features, advantages and limitations from formal and non-formal educational systems and the \"book for learning\" role on planning and introduction of non formal systems, as an instructional material created with base on learning scientific principles. The theoretical framework, which supported such principles, was created mainly from four authors, considered as an obligatory reference for those who study the educational science. Dib; Bloom; Kolb; Felder. The theme introductory accountancy was chosen due to its importance as a pillar for the course of accountancy science. It was confirmed by the countless books available in the market and by the researcher\'s professional experience, as an accountant and as a professor of the referred subject. From the features checked on the existing text-books and from ideas developed on the literature review, a reference pattern was proposed, which had the desirable functional attributes in a book that attends the features of a less formal teaching. Therefore, ten books of introductory accountancy were analysed with the intention of verifying the presence or absence of these attributes, and whether present, in which degree. With such research, it is offered some contribution to the preparation of text-books applied to the introductory accountancy teaching, showing its importance in terms of self-learning and it finally suggests the inclusion of instructional purposes, contents selection and organization, used resources, minimum complementary resources needed in a text-book for searching innovating alternatives in teaching.

This investigation was designed to aid in the development of a teacher preparation program for alternative teachers. A "Theory of Intersubjective Personal Relationships" was established and utilized throughout the study. The theoretical framework was formulated from a series of concepts derived from the literature of social psychology to guide in collecting and reporting the data, as well as constructing a teacher preparation program for alternative schools. The framework consisted of four key words: (1) choicing, (2) awareness, (3) acceptance, and (4) sharing. The focus of the investigation was concerned with the intersubjective relationships as related to alternative students and their teacher. The case study approach grounded in ethnography and existentialism, was employed in gathering and reporting the data. It permitted the investigator to observe, interact, and record the multiple phenomenon. The investigation focused on the "in school lives" of five alternative students and their teacher. Each of the five students in her/his personal school relationship became the subject of a case study. The investigator, as participant observer, was the instructor of each of the five students. The teacher maintained records of the various interactions with the students. Moreover, she had available documents such as diaries, term papers, journals, and other student-produced artifacts. The case studies were presented using the theory of intersubjective personal relationships. The presentation of each case was organized using the four terms of the theory. Each case was presented to demonstrate at least one of the theoretical behavioral concepts. The resulting data were recorded and analyzed according to the four behavioral concepts. A proposal for a teacher preparation program for alternative teachers was developed from the case studies. The program featured the following provisions: (1) alternative high school student consultants, (2) the study and discussion of the theory, (3) the opportunity to operationalize the theory, (4) the opportunity to develop and understand "support networks," (5) the opportunity to meet, consult, and work with community representatives, (6) the opportunity to maintain diaries and develop other records of experiences, and (7) the opportunity for daily meetings to interact and operationalize the "Theory of Intersubjective Personal Relationships."

Darbo tikslas: atskleisti keramikos užsiėmimų vaidmenį neformaliojo meninio ugdymo įstaigose. Mokslinio darbo eigoje stengiausi aptarti neformaliojo meninio ugdymo plėtotės nuostatas, apžvelgti keramikinės veiklos ypatumus. Tyriamojoje dalyje pasistengiau ištirti keramikos užsiėmimų dalyvių požiūrį į keramikos užsiėmimų vaidmenį neformaliojo meninio ugdymo įstaigose. Padariau išvadas, kad neformaliojo meninio ugdymo plėtra yra svarbi ne tik žmogui, moksleiviui, kuris domisi menu, bet svarbi yra ir visai visuomenei, šalies kultūriniam gyvenimui. Keramikos menas prasidėjo nuo molinių buitinių dirbinių. Su kiekvienu amžiaus laikotarpiu ji tobulėjo. Jeigu senaisiais laikais keramikos dirbiniai buvo dažniausiai pritaikomi tik buityje, tai dabar jie puošia interjerus. Keramikai dalyvauja paroduose, keramikos dirbiniai vertinami ne tik kaip “daiktas, prekė”, bet ir kaip “meno kūrinys”. Ugdyme keramika užima svarbią vietą. Užsiimdamas keramikine veikla, dalyvis mokosi matyti, jausti, vertinti ir kūrti pagal grožio įstatymus. Dalyviai vysto savo prigimtinius meninius gabumus. Meninių priemonių pagalba išmoksta išreikšti savo mintis ir jausmus. Dirbdami su moliu ugdo darbinius įgūdžius, kruopštumą, atkaklumą, savarankiškumą. Pradeda labiau domėtis menu, kultūra. Išmoksta pastebėti ir saugoti grožį aplink save. / The aim of the thesis: To disclose the role of ceramics lessons at institutions of non-formal art education. In the course of this work, I discuss provisions for the development of non-formal art education and present an overview of the specifics of activities in ceramics. The research part explores the attitude of those who attend ceramics lessons and the role of ceramics lessons at institutions of non-formal art education. The conclusion is made that the development of non-formal art education is important not only to a person or a pupil interested in art, but also to society at large and the cultural life of the country. The earliest ceramics were pottery made from clay and used for domestic purposes. Ceramic works improved over the ages. In ancient times, ceramics were used exclusively for domestic needs, and now they also have a decorative function for interior design. Ceramics artists participate at exhibitions and ceramic works are valued not only as things/goods, but also as pieces of art. Ceramics play an important role. The participant engaged in ceramics lessons learns to see, feel, evaluate, and create according to the laws of aesthetics. This is how the innate artistic skills of the participants are developed. With the help of artistic means, they learn how to express their thoughts and feelings. Working with clay, they develop their work skills, accuracy, tenacity, and independence. They become interested in art and culture and learn to notice and preserve... [to full text]

O presente trabalho visa analisar o impacto do curso de formacao para educadores sociais, tambem conhecido por Acoes Multiplicadoras: o museu e a inclusao sociocultural, uma das frentes de trabalho da Pinacoteca do Estado de Sao Paulo. A investigacao tem a intencao de esclarecer como as acoes educativas da Pinacoteca podem contribuir com o trabalho dos educadores sociais. Quais sao os ganhos e limites de sua intervencao? Elas auxiliam na inclusao e expansao do publico em vulnerabilidade social? Qual e a percepcao do educador social? Ao promover o encontro entre o publico em vulnerabilidade social e as obras de arte, acredita-se estar reduzindo a desigualdade do acesso aos bens e servicos culturais. Todavia, alguns autores criticam esse pensamento afirmando nao ser possivel criar um vinculo profundo e duradouro. A principal abordagem metodologica utilizada na pesquisa foi a qualitativa e para coletar os dados selecionamos os participantes do curso nos anos de 2012 e 2013. Nessa ocasiao, consideramos a observacao participativa, a aplicacao de questionario e a entrevista com a coordenadora do Programa de Inclusao Sociocultural - PISC. Atraves da observacao participante, verificou-se que o sentido do curso e ressignificado segundo a realidade e o esforco criativo do educador social, a quem ele contribui ampliando sua atuacao profissional. Ficou evidente tambem que o seu intuito e difundir as potencialidades do museu e acessibilizar instrumentos e recursos que podem ser usados em projetos socioeducativos. Mas no que tange ao desejo da instituicao por formar novos publicos, nao se pode contar nem com a consolidacao da parceria, e nem com a modificacao significativa do publico, ja que este tem pouca capacidade de criar habitos culturais duradouros / The aim of this work is to analyse the impact of the course for social educator formation, also known as Acoes Multiplicadoras; o museu e a inclusao sociocultural, one of the initiatives of the Sao Paulo State Pinacotheca. The investigation intents to understand how educational initiatives by the Pinacotheca may be an aid to the work of social educators. What are the gains and the limits of their intervention? Do these initiatives help in including and expanding the public under social vulnerability? What are the perceptions of the social educator? When trying to promote an encounter between the public under social vulnerability and the works of art, one believes that the inequality of the access to cultural assets and services is reduced. However, some authors criticise this point of view, by stating that it is not possible to create deep and lasting links. The present research used mainly a qualitative approach. In order to collect the data, I selected the participants of the course in the years 2012 and 2013. In this occasion, I engaged in a participative observation and applied forms. I also interviewed the coordinator of the Sociocultural Inclusion Program. Through participative observation, I verified that the meaning of the course is resignified according to the reality and the creative efforts of the social educator, who has in this way his or her professional activity enlarged. It became evident too that its goal is to take to the public the possibilities of the museum and to grant access to the instruments and resources that can be used in socioeducational projects. Yet, as regards the ambition of the institution to form new publics, it is not possible to assert either that the cooperation is consolidated or that the public has been substantially modified, once that the public does not have the capacity to create lasting habits