No description available.

No description available.

The continuous growth in road transportation demand requires the development towards sustainable strategies. The concept of Smart Roads is arising as a convergence of technologies that will lead the mobility by road into a more efficient and interactive system between infrastructure, environment and vehicles. Within this context, e-mobility appears as one of the key components. The implementation of e-mobility based on Electric Vehicles (EVs) has been restricted by numerous shortcomings such as their driving range, the battery size, the dependence on charging stations and the time required for its charging. However, the electrification of the road infrastructure, which will enable a dynamic charging of the EVs while driving, is becoming a potential solution to overcome these deficiencies. This study aims to contribute for the future introduction of electrified roads (eRoads) into the current network, by focusing on the effects and consequences of embedding Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) systems in the road infrastructure. A structural design of an eRoad is conducted through a Finite Elements Analysis (FEA) by analysing the behaviour of a pavement structure based on Swedish conditions subjected to traffic loading. Valuable conclusions can be displayed from this analysis and thus, a summary concerning considerations and effects over the design, construction and maintenance of eRoads can be built. Nevertheless, this analysis must be complemented and coordinated from a lifetime perspective to reach the social, environmental and economic requirements related to the development of road infrastructure nowadays. Hence, a guideline from a life cycle approach is stated over the integration of eRoads in order to enable the assessment of the infrastructure during its different phases. To be sustainable, the development of road infrastructure must reach not just structural and appropriate performance requirements, but also preserve the environmental and economic impact. This thesis pretends to combine all these aspects as a state of the art, providing a basis that stands out the most relevant issues related to the feasible implementation of eRoads in the mid-long term.

Bakgrund: Aortaaneurysm är en vidgning på stora kroppspulsådern, en asymtomatisk diagnos som kan blir livshotande om den brister. Aneurysm kan repareras med antingen öppen kirurgi eller endoskopiskt. Män är majoriteten av dessa patienter och rökning, hjärtkärlsjukdomar samt hög ålder utgör riskfaktorer. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturöversikten var att beskriva personers erfarenheter av att leva med ett aortaaneurysm. Metod: Designen är kvalitativ litteraturöversikt med induktiv ansats. Resultatartiklar söktes fram på databaserna CINAHL, PubMed och PsychInfo med hjälp av relevanta sökord för ämnet. Även manuella sökningar gjordes. De framtagna artiklarna lästes med hjälp Fribergs 5-stegsmodell och analyserades utifrån Graneheim och Lundmans kvalitativa innehållsanalys. Analysen resulterade i tre huvudkategorier och sju subkategorier. Resultat: Vägledning i att ha levt med aortaaneurysm, Emotionella aspekter av att ha levt med aortaaneurysm och Livet och vardagen med aortaaneurysm var de tre huvudkategorierna som framkom från analysen, och subkategorierna Information från vården, Kunskap kring diagnosen, Rädsla för diagnosen, Tankar kring döden, En framtid trots diagnos, Mötet med vården samt Begränsningar i vardagen. Information var det som var mest påtagligt och som under tidens gång visade sig kunna påverka övriga subkategorier både positivt och negativt beroende på mängd, leveranssätt och tidpunkt.  Slutsats: Genom denna litteraturöversikt visade sig erfarenheterna variera och dessa var individuella beroende på var i livet deltagaren befann sig och hur livet i övrigt var för deltagaren. Ytterligare studier behövs för att ta fram ett mer personcentrerat och individuellt tillmötesgående för personer med aortaaneurysm. / Background: Aortic aneurysm is a dilation of the aorta, an asymptomatic diagnosis that can become life-threatening if it burst. Aneurysms can be repaired with either open surgery or endoscopically. The majority of patients are men, and smoking, cardiovascular disease and old age are risk factors. Aim: The aim of the literature review was to describe people´s experiences of living with an aortic aneurysm. Method: The design is a qualitative literature review with an inductive approach. Result articles were searched on the databases CINAHL, PubMed and PsychInfo using relevant keywords for the topic. Manual searches were also performed. The produced articles were read using Friberg's 5-step model and analyzed on the basis of Graneheim and Lundman's qualitative content analysis. The analysis resulted in three main categories being selected with seven subcategories. Results:  Guidance in lived aortic aneurysm, Emotional aspects in lived aortic aneurysm and Life and daily living with aortic aneurysm were the three main categories which emerged in our analysis. With the subcategories Information from the healthcare, Knowledge about the diagnosis, Fear of the diagnosis, Thoughts about death, Future despite the diagnosis, Meeting the healthcare and Obstacles in everyday life. Information was what was most noticeable and over time, it turned out to be able to influence other subcategories both positively and negatively depending on quantity, delivery method and time. Conclusion: Through this literature review, the experiences turned out to be varied and these were individual depending on where in life the participant was and how life in general was for the participant. Further studies are needed to develop a more person-centred and individualized approach for people with aortic aneurysm.

Economists have convulsively maintained the assumption that humans are able to arrive at decisions by perfect deductive rationality, despite the fact empirical evidences are showing otherwise. The contradicting evidences have resulted in a personal view that instead of finding a unified theory about decision-making, a sound approach would be to study how humans in fact are reasoning in specific contexts. The context of interest for this paper is where it could be assumed humans’ persistence of acting rational is determined by the perceived burden of the problem. In this work, the inductive way of arriving at decisions plays an important role, and the paper will present a way of describing this process in a consistent way. The process will be denoted as the actual level of behavioral change, and represent the core property of this paper. Applying the presented theory is most appropriate for situations where it could be assumed the burden of a problem, expressed as a prevalence rate, will drive the behavioral change. The line of reasoning in this paper will therefore be applied to the important arena of fighting the spread of HIV.

Electrification of transportation could be one pathway into sustainability since the electricity production can originate from renewable and low carbon energy sources. Electrifying the road could also reduce the battery dependence and further increase the vehicle efficiency in sense of energy consumption and load capacity when thinking of storage of electric energy in vehicle batteries. Not only is the Electric Road System (ERS) a rather new concept, it also raises concerns about consequences on health, safety, environment and public acceptance. The aim of this master thesis, within the logistics domain, is to interdisciplinary investigate the concept of electrified roads and to define potential blockers and in various extents investigate their feasibility. The potential blockers are assessed at a system level meaning that the depth of analysis of each aspect depends on the amount of data available and the relative importance according to the experts. Given the limits of research time, points that require more investigation have been indicated. This study will have a focus on freight vehicles since that is the vehicle considered to lack alternative solution towards decarbonization. The areas chosen for a closer analysis are health, safety and environment. The information available regarding the ERS impact on those areas is very limited even though they seem to constitute crucial factors for gaining the public acceptance. By investigating energy usage and CO 2 emissions in different phases of the ERS, the feasibility of the environment is assessed. Investigating the Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) produced by the inductive on-road charging technology, part of the ERS, approaches the possible health effects of ERS. Health effects of particles and pollutants are also touched upon. Accidents involving Electric Vehicles (EVs) and the transportation of dangerous goods through ERS will also be analyzed in the safety chapter. Ongoing projects and available technologies are used and taken into consideration throughout the study. Feedback from the industry and people involved with the ERS concept contribute in defining the fields facing significant uncertainties. In the last part, two scenarios are being analyzed in the sense of testing the feasibility of the inductive on-road charging in city logistics and for the big city triangle. This study has its base in literature reviews and interviews with experts within the industry. The different ERS technologies are still under development why many specific parameters are confidential. This poses some unintentional limits to this study in the sense of difficulty drawing specific conclusions. Therefore factors such as commercialization of the vehicle, health, safety and development time remain uncertain. Others such as environmental impact seem to benefit from the ERS, while others motivates the introduction of ERS such as the battery manufacturing.

This essay aims to assess the efficacy of the Picture Word Inductive Model (PWIM) in the acquisition of new English vocabulary for Swedish grade-4 pupils of a primary school in southernSweden. In this study, two aspects of vocabulary acquisition were concerned, namely, the recognition of vocabulary forms (spelling and pronunciation) and general understanding of word meaning in the short term. The pupils were divided into two groups and the methods were tests; questionnaires and the data were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. After teaching lessons with the PWIM for one group and with using the word-list for the other close-level group, the results show that the group taught by the PWIM  gained relatively higher test scores and performed more actively and found the lesson more enjoyable in the classroom. Teaching by the PWIM is found to be effective in learning the new English vocabulary ofSLA(Second Language Acquisition). Although this efficacy is not prominent, a larger sample size and longer length of the cycles for the teaching of the PWIM would increase precision and will probably provide a different result for the efficacy of the PWIM in further studies.

Mes travaux de thèse dans les laboratoires SATIE de ENS de Cachan et Ampère de l’INSA de Lyon se sont déroulés dans le cadre du projet Gestion OptiMisée de l'Energie (GENOME) pour étudier le potentiel de certains composants de puissance (JFET, MOSFET et BJT) en carbure de silicium (SiC) dans des convertisseurs électroniques de puissance dédiés à des applications aéronautiques suite au développement de l'avion plus électrique. La première partie de mes travaux étudie la robustesse de MOSFET et BJT en SiC soumis à des régimes de court circuit. Pour les MSOFET SiC, en soumettant ces transistors à la répétition de plusieurs courts-circuits, nous observons une évolution du courant de fuite de grille qui semble être un bon indicateur de vieillissement. Nous définissons une énergie critique répétitive pour évaluer la robustesse à la répétition de plusieurs courts-circuits. Aucun effet significatif de la température ambiante n’a pu être mis en évidence sur la robustesse des MOSFET et BJT SiC sous contraintes de court-circuit. Pour les MOSFET, nous avons également constaté une élévation significative du courant de fuite de grille en augmentant de 600V à 750V la tension, ce qui se traduit également par une défaillance plus rapide. Après ouverture des boîtiers des MOSFET Rohm ayant présenté un court-circuit entre grille et source après défaillance, on remarque une fusion de la métallisation de source qui vient effectivement court-circuiter grille et source. Dans ce mode de défaillance particulier, le court-circuit entre grille et source auto-protège la puce en lui permettant de s’ouvrir.La deuxième partie de ce mémoire est consacrée à l’étude de JFET, MSOFET et BJT SiC en régime d’avalanche. Les JFET de SemiSouth et les BJT de Fairchild présentent une bonne robustesse à l’avalanche. Mais le test d'avalanche révèle la fragilité du MOSFET Rohm puisqu’il entre en défaillance avant d’entrer en régime d’avalanche. La défaillance du MOSFET Rohm et sa faible robustesse en régime d’avalanche sont liées à l’activation du transistor bipolaire parasite. Le courant d'avalanche n’est qu’une très faible partie du courant dans l’inductance et circule du drain/collecteur à la grille/base pour maintenir le transistor en régime linéaire. Une résistance de grille de forte valeur diminue efficacement le courant d'avalanche à travers la jonction drain-grille pour le JFET.La troisième partie concerne l’étude de la commutation de BJT SiC à très haute fréquence de découpage. Nous avons dans un premier temps cherché à valider des mesures de pertes par commutation. Après avoir vérifié l'exactitude de la méthode électrique par rapport à une méthode calorimétrique simplifiée, nous montrons que la méthode électrique est adaptée à l’estimation des pertes de commutation mais nécessite beaucoup d’attention. En raison de mobilité élevée des porteurs de charge dans le SiC, nous montrons que le BJT SiC ne nécessite pas l’utilisation de diode d’anti-saturation. Enfin, aucune variation significative des pertes de commutation n’a pu être constatée sur une plage de température ambiante variant de 25°C à 200°C.La quatrième partie concentre l’étude du comportement de MOSFET SiC sous contraintes HTRB (High Temperature Reverse Bias) et dans une application diode-less dans laquelle les transistors conduisent un courant inverse à travers le canal, exception faite de la phase de temps mort pendant laquelle c’est la diode de structure qui assurera la continuité du courant dans la charge. Les résultats montrent que la diode interne ne présente aucune dégradation significative lors de la conduction inverse des MOSFET. Le MOSFET Cree testé montre une dérive de la tension de seuil et une dégradation de l’oxyde de grille qui sont plus significatives lors des essais dans l’application diode-less que sous des tests HTRB. La dérive de la tension de seuil est probablement due au champ électrique intense régnant dans l’oxyde et aux pièges de charge dans l'oxyde de grille. / My PhD work in laboratories SATIE of ENS de Cachan and Ampère of INSA de Lyon is a part of project GEstioN OptiMisée de l’Energie (GENOME) to investigate the potential of some Silicon carbide (SiC) power devices (JFET, MOSFET and BJT) in power electronic converters dedicated to aeronautical applications for the development of more electric aircraft.The first part of my work investigates the robustness of MOSFET and SiC BJT subjected to short circuit. For SiC MOSFETs, under repetition of short-term short circuit, a gate leakage current seems to be an indicator of aging. We define repetitive critical energy to evaluate the robustness for repetition of short circuit. The effect of room temperature on the robustness of SiC MOSFET and BJT under short circuit stress is not evident. The capability of short circuit is not improved by reducing gate leakage current for MOSFET, while BJT shows a better robustness by limiting base current. For MSOFET, a significant increase in gate leakage current accelerates failure for DC voltage from 600V to 750V. After opening Rohm MOSFETs with a short circuit between gate and source after failure, the fusion of metallization is considered as the raison of failure. In this particular mode of failure, the short circuit between gate and source self-protects the chip and opens drain short current.The second part of the thesis is devoted to the study of SiC JFET, MSOFET and BJT in avalanche mode. The SemiSouth JFET and Fairchild BJT exhibit excellent robustness in the avalanche. On the contrary, the avalanche test reveals the fragility of Rohm MOSFET since it failed before entering avalanche mode. The failure of Rohm MOSFET and its low robustness in avalanche mode are related to the activation of parasitic bipolar transistor. The avalanche current is a very small part of the current in the inductor. It flows from the drain/collector to the gate/base to drive the transistor in linear mode. A high-value gate resistance effectively reduces the avalanche current through the drain-gate junction to the JFET.The third part of this thesis concerns the study of switching performance of SiC BJT at high switching frequency. We initially attempted to validate the switching loss measurements. After checking the accuracy of the electrical measurement compared to calorimetric measurement, electrical measurement is adopted for switching power losses but requires a lot of attention. Thanks to high carrier charge mobility of SiC material, SiC BJT does not require the use of anti-saturation diode. Finally, no significant variation in switching losses is observed over an ambient temperature range from 25°C to 200°C.The fourth part focuses on the study of SiC MOSFET behavior under HTB (High Temperature Reverse Bias) and in diode-less application in which the transistors conduct a reverse current through the channel, except for the dead time during which the body diode ensure the continuity of the current in the load. The results show that the body diode has no significant degradation when the reverse conduction of the MOSFET. Cree MOSFET under test shows a drift of the threshold voltage and a degradation of the gate oxide which are more significant during the tests in the diode-less application than under HTRB test. The drift of the threshold voltage is probably due to intense electric field in the oxide and the charge traps in the gate oxide.

abstract: As the gap widens between the number of security threats and the number of security professionals, the need for automated security tools becomes increasingly important. These automated systems assist security professionals by identifying and/or fixing potential vulnerabilities before they can be exploited. One such category of tools is exploit generators, which craft exploits to demonstrate a vulnerability and provide guidance on how to repair it. Existing exploit generators largely use the application code, either through static or dynamic analysis, to locate crashes and craft a payload. This thesis proposes the Automated Reflection of CTF Hostile Exploits (ARCHES), an exploit generator that learns by example. ARCHES uses an inductive programming library named IRE to generate exploits from exploit examples. In doing so, ARCHES can create an exploit only from example exploit payloads without interacting with the service. By representing each component of the exploit interaction as a collection of theories for how that component occurs, ARCHES can identify critical state information and replicate an executable exploit. This methodology learns rapidly and works with only a few examples. The ARCHES exploit generator is targeted towards Capture the Flag (CTF) events as a suitable environment for initial research. The effectiveness of this methodology was evaluated on four exploits with features that demonstrate the capabilities and limitations of this methodology. ARCHES is capable of reproducing exploits that require an understanding of state dependent input, such as a flag id. Additionally, ARCHES can handle basic utilization of state information that is revealed through service output. However, limitations in this methodology result in failure to replicate exploits that require a loop, intricate mathematics, or multiple TCP connections. Inductive programming has potential as a security tool to augment existing automated security tools. Future research into these techniques will provide more capabilities for security professionals in academia and in industry. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Computer Science 2019

The role of grammar in the teaching of foreign languages has been extensivelydiscussed over the years, and nowadays the literature shows a growing acceptanceof grammar as an important part of the communicative approach. However,according to our experience and what can be gleaned from research, student perceivegrammar as difficult, abstract, and boring - which often negatively affects theirmotivation to learn a foreign language.In this context, the question we need to consider is: what is the best way to teachgrammar? The purpose of this research paper is to delve into the attitudes of studentsregarding the inductive and the deductive teaching methods, what aspects of thesemethods favour or hinder their motivation, as well as which is, according to them,the best way to work with grammar in the classroom.The methodology employed was a mini-experiment in which two approaches weretrialled, inductive and deductive, to then measure attitudes by means of a survey(questionnaire), followed by further details via a complementary interview andmeasuring learning effectiveness through exit tickets. Informants were drawn fromtwo groups of Spanish language students (9th grade elective Spanish).The results obtained indicate a clear preference toward the deductive method,although they also hint to most positive outcomes from a combination of bothmethods (inductive and deductive). About the factors that influence motivation,those standing out were the possibility of working in a group as well as theimportance of offering tasks with adequate difficulty levels, as those perceived astoo difficult have negative consequences in terms of motivation