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M.Comm. / In the last hundred years there has been a technological revolution that has forced people to change the way they live and run their organisations. This technological revolution has had a major impact on the business world. Coyle, Bardi and Langley (2003; 57) have suggested that “the rate of change has accelerated with consequent negative impacts if organisations do not change.” With today’s emphasis on cutting costs, streamlining expenses while at the same time trying to offer a competitive edge with regard to customer service, many organisations are looking to improve their bottom line and financial performance by implementing new technology into their supply chains. A popular way for organisations to speedily reap the benefits of having a more competent and competitive, technology-enabled supply chain, is by outsourcing their supply chain needs to a third party logistics organisations. The Star newspaper reported that, according to Brett Bowes, inefficiencies in the supply chain meant that fast-moving consumer goods manufacturers and retailers were losing R7 billion every year (The Star, 16 March 2007; 2). Although there are many auxiliary benefits and advantages of implementing software systems into the supply chain, the two critical benefits which justify the expense are reduced costs and improved customer service. Implementing technology is a costly, challenging and sometimes risky endeavor. This often results in an unwillingness to change until these organisations outgrow their systems, or the business environment becomes so complex, that they are forced to implement new technology. This hesitancy to introduce new technology timeously could hamper the progress and growth of these organisations, and could also affect their competitiveness in a highly competitive environment. The purpose of this case study is to compare the benefits achieved from existing older technology to new technology, based on a routing and scheduling case study in a large 3PL organisation.

Orientadores: Sandra de Negraes Brisolla, Celso Luiz Salgueiro Lage / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T00:15:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DalPoz_MariaEsterSoares_D.pdf: 3561569 bytes, checksum: 30c05954aee79c15dc53dc4d67744804 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho, tomando como caso a pesquisa sobre biotecnologia e genes, é demonstrar que certos países, como o Brasil, produzem ciência, mas nem sempre são capazes de absorvê-la, transformando estes conhecimentos em inovação tecnológica. A hipótese central é que há uma economia política nos TRIPS -acordos Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights, da Organização Mundial do Comércio. O sistema internacional de Direitos de Propriedade Intelectual (DPI), no âmbito dos TRIPS, constitui fator de geração de assimetria da apropriação tecnológica, apresentando correlação com o nível de desenvolvimento econômico dos países. A diversidade das legislações nacionais em DPI, num cenário harmonizador dado pelos TRIPS, constitui fator de aprofundamento daquela assimetria, ainda que, por pressuposto, aqueles acordos tenham sido criados para a melhoria das condições de competitividade do comércio mundial. No ambiente regulatório dado por TRIPS, a apropriação de biotecnologias genômicas por países em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil, depende de um ambiente de inovação capaz de articular políticas de C&T e organização da pesquisa. Também depende da integração de dinâmicas próprias de certos Sistemas Nacionais de Inovação, de um conjunto de dispositivos políticos em Ciência e Tecnologia e de competências das instituições que realizam pesquisa e desenvolvimento. Estas capacidades se refletem no padrão de patenteamento, licenciamento e comercialização de biotecnologias genômicas e dependem dos marcos regulatórios legais. A aprendizagem para absorver conhecimentos gerados pelo próprio sistema de inovação, ou fora dele, é um dos pontos centrais da capacidade de apropriação. Está condicionada pela consciência da relação desigual entre os países na disputa pelos acordos TRIPS e pela possibilidade do traçado de uma estratégia capaz de superar essa disparidade. A supremacia econômica de alguns países serve como ferramenta de pressão para que se difundam novos padrões legais de DPI. Trata-se de entender o processo de fortalecimento dos DPI no âmbito da economia baseada em conhecimento, frente à assimetria do desenvolvimento dos países. Neste contexto, o trabalho mapeia e busca entender a dinâmica de geração de pesquisa científica e sua organização. Explora a base de apropriação de agrobiotecnologias genômicas (ABG) incorporadas em patentes da base do escritório norteamericano de patentes.O estudo de campo consiste no mapeamento das citações uma patente por outra ou por outras, das relações entre detentores de patentes de ABG, que formam uma rede de inovação. Tal rede é explorada como uma comunidade social em ciência, mostrando-se que a geografia da apropriação é relevante e que tem contornos definidos. Para tal, foram criados e aplicados indicadores de C&T e de dinâmica de rede. Este procedimento constitui uma metodologia de monitoramento de mercados de biotecnologias. Poucos atores da rede mostram-se capazes de absorver conhecimentos genômicos e transformá-los em inovação, apesar de estes estarem disponíveis em bancos internacionais de DNA alimentados pela comunidade científica internacional. Esta condição demonstra que há uma governança da inovação nestas redes, cuja base nem sempre são os sistemas de difusão de conhecimentos, mas os de apropriação diferencial. Tal diagnóstico é utilizado para a prescrição de ações que visam / Abstract: The objective of this work, considering the research on biotechnology and genes, is to show that certain countries, such as Brazil, produce science, but few of them have absorptive capacity, transforming the knowledge into technological innovation. The main hypothesis is that there is a political economy on TRIPS -Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights Agreements of the World Trade Organization. The appropriation of the genomic biotechnologies in developing countries, such as Brazil, depends on an innovative environment that can shape S&T policies, as well as on the organization of research within the context of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR¿s). The IPR¿s international system, in the TRIPS domains, is a factor of asymmetry of technological appropriation, which presents a strong correlation with the level of economical development of the countries. The diversity of national legislations as regards IPR¿s, within a harmonizing scenario provided by the TRIPS, constitutes a factor that increases that asymmetry even though, by definition, those agreements are created to enhance the conditions of competitiveness of the world trade. The systemic appropriation of biotechnologies derived from genomics depends on the integration of characteristic dynamics of certain National Systems of Innovation, on a set of political devices regarding Science and Technology, and on the activity of institutions that that carry out research and development. Those activities influence the standards of patenting, licensing and commercialization of genomic biotechnologies, and depend on legal regulatory landmarks in terms of the IPR¿s. Learning to acquire knowledge generated by the innovation system itself, or outside it, is one of the core points of appropriation. It is conditioned by the awareness of the uneven relation between the countries in the dispute of the TRIPS agreements, and by the possibility of devising a strategy which can overcome that disparity. The economic supremacy of some countries is used as a tool to press for new legal standards of IPR to be spread out. It is about understanding the strengthening process of the IPR¿s within the economy based on knowledge facing the asymmetry in the development of countries.Within this context, this work aims at clarifying the dynamics in the generation of scientific research as regards the organization of the genomic science. It explores the appropriation of genomic agrobiotechnologies (GAB) incorporated in patents of United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).The field study consists of mapping citation patterns of one patent instead of other or others, and the relations between the GAB patent holders, who comprise an innovation network. Such net, from the perspective of the social community in science, is explored by showing that the appropriation geography matters and that the net has defined frontiers. In order to do so, we created and applied S&T and net dynamics indicators. This procedure concerns to be a foresight tool for biotechnology markets.Few actors in the net were able to acquire genomic knowledge and transform it into innovation, although it was available in international DNA databanks that receive input from the whole international scientific community. This condition shows that there is some sort of administration in the innovation of these nets whose basis is not always the system of information broadcast, but rather one of differential appropriation. Such diagnosis is used in the prescription of actions that aim at improving the Brazilian performance in terms of research development and its relations with biotechnological appropriation / Doutorado / Doutor em Política Científica e Tecnológica

Submitted by Samira Ramos (samira.ramos@unifenas.br) on 2018-04-24T23:42:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Claudemir de Assis.pdf: 820230 bytes, checksum: 257e4d71585a017c777a85051bd362c7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-24T23:42:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Claudemir de Assis.pdf: 820230 bytes, checksum: 257e4d71585a017c777a85051bd362c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-30 / Brazilian pig farming is an important farming activity, because besides it offering food of high nutritional value to the human population, it contributes for generation of employ and income in the country. Due to the need of produce food with environmental responsibility, the swine producers have adopted waste treatment practices on their property. Each time more, it is necessary that the producer know the degree of efficiency and sustainability of the production system utilized. In this sense, the energy balance has been used as a tool indicative of the rational use of resources. However, many producers still do not estimate the energy flow because they encounter difficulties in the energy conversions and other required calculations. Therefore, the present work presents the software ENERGYSWINE developed to help technicians and producers to determine the energy efficiency in swine production systems. The ENERGYSWINE program was developed in Microsoft's integrated development environment (IDE) for software development (Visual Studio) using the C# (C Sharp), HTML5, CSS3 and JavaScript languages. For the storage of the information of the system such as user, farm, data analysis and energy balance calculation, the SQLServer database was used. From a literature review, the specific energy coefficients for each input and output component were established. The energy balance calculation by ENERGYSWINE considers the ratio between all energy produced in the system and all energy consumed. When accessing the initial screen of the program, the user must fill out the form containing 22 questions. After all fields were answered, the software calculates the energy balance of the farm, and the user can view and print the report with the summary of energy balances already done. ENERGYSWINE software has demonstrated to be a suitable tool to calculate of manner quick and easy the energy balance of swine production systems. As future perspectives, new works can be developed to incorporate new modules and reports into updated versions of the program. / A suinocultura brasileira é uma atividade agropecuária importante, pois, além de ofertar alimentos de alto valor nutricional para a população humana, contribui para a geração de empregos e renda no país. Indo ao encontro da necessidade de se produzir alimentos com responsabilidade ambiental os produtores de suínos têm adotado práticas de tratamento de resíduos em suas propriedades. Cada vez mais, é necessário que o produtor conheça o grau de eficiência e sustentabilidade do sistema de produção utilizado. Neste sentido, o balanço energético tem sido utilizado como uma ferramenta indicativa da racionalidade no uso de recursos. Porém, muitos produtores ainda não estimam o fluxo energético por encontrarem dificuldades nas conversões de energia e nos demais cálculos necessários. Portanto, o presente trabalho apresenta o software ENERGYSWINE desenvolvido para auxiliar técnicos e produtores a determinarem a eficiência energética em sistemas de produção de suínos. O programa ENERGYSWINE foi desenvolvido em ambiente de desenvolvimento integrado (IDE) da Microsoft para desenvolvimento de software (Visual Studio) utilizando as linguagens C# (C Sharp), HTML5, CSS3 e JavaScript. Para o armazenamento das informações do sistema tais como usuário, granja, análise dos dados e resultado do cálculo do balanço energético, utilizou-se o banco de dados SQLServer. A partir de uma revisão da literatura, os coeficientes energéticos específicos para cada componente de entrada e saída foram estabelecidos. O balanço energético calculado pelo ENERGYSWINE considera a razão entre toda energia produzida no sistema e toda a energia consumida. Ao acessar a tela inicial do programa, o usuário deve preencher o formulário contendo 22 questões. Após o preenchimento de todos os campos de respostas, o software realiza o cálculo do balanço energético da granja, podendo-se visualizar e imprimir o relatório com o resumo dos balanços energéticos já efetuados. O software ENERGYSWINE demonstrou ser uma ferramenta adequada para se calcular de maneira rápida e fácil o balanço energético de sistemas de produção de suínos. Como perspectivas futuras, novos trabalhos poderão ser desenvolvidos a fim de incorporar novos módulos e relatórios em versões atualizadas do programa.

En el presente documento se presentará el proyecto de ropa con tecnología de cierre magnético para personas con alguna discapacidad (18+) y para personas de la tercera edad (65+), cuyo estudio de mercado se realizó en la zona urbana de Lima Metropolitana. Dicho estudio arrojó una demanda insatisfecha debido a la falta de tiendas virtuales de prendas de vestir que brinden atención exclusiva a este segmento. Por eso, nació la idea de negocio “Easy Fit”, una marca de ropa que tiene como fin brindar grandes beneficios, tales como autonomía y comodidad que permite a los clientes vestirse de manera rápida. Asimismo, se puede adaptar las prendas según lo que requiera el usuario. Para poner en marcha este proyecto se realizó un análisis de los clientes, mercado y sector. Posteriormente, se desarrolló el Plan Estratégico, Plan de Operaciones, Plan de Marketing, Plan de Recursos Humanos, Plan de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial y el Plan Financiero. En los cuales se especifican los objetivos y estrategias que se deseas lograr en los primeros tres años. / This document will present the project of clothing with magnetic closure technology for people with some disabilities (18+) and for people seniors (65+), whose market study was carried out in the urban area of Lima Metropolitana. This study yielded unmet demand due to the lack of virtual clothing stores that provide exclusive attention to this segment. That's why the "Easy Fit" business idea was born, a clothing brand that aims to deliver great benefits, such as autonomy and comfort that allows customers to dress quickly. You can also adapt the garments according to what the user requires. In order to launch this project, an analysis of costumers, market and sector was done previously. In addition, a Strategic Plan, an Operations Plan, a Marketing Plan, a Human Resources Plan, a Corporate Social Responsibility Plan and a Financial Plan were also developed, in which the objectives and strategies to be achieved in the first three years are specified. / Trabajo de investigación

Firms which adapt new manufacturing technologies, such as flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) or computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) and concepts such as just-in-time (JIT), can expect to exert a significant influence on various stakeholder groups. Additionally, innovative accounting systems which are currently being developed to monitor and evaluate the performance of manufacturing systems will have a direct impact on certain stakeholder constituencies. Uses stakeholder theory as a basis for explaining the complex relationships among the firm and various constituencies or stakeholders. Major stakeholder groups include educators, auditors, trainers, line managers, human resource managers, suppliers, customers, stockholders, labour unions, the financial community, government, local community organizations, environmentalists, employees, directors, management and bondholders. The needs of the various groups are placed in the context of the new global competitive environment.

Brazil is one of the largest biomass producers in the world, thus it has a huge potential for biogas production across all its territory. Nowadays, biogas production remains largely unexplored, representing just a small fraction of its potential. The adoption of biogas technologies has grown over the past years, but it is unevenly distributed across Brazilian states. This master thesis investigates the conditions under which the widespread diffusion of biogas technologies can be enabled in the Brazilian context by looking at the factors that influence the adoption of biogas technologies and why it differs across the Brazilian territory. Technological innovation systems (TIS), societal embedding, and diffusion of innovation theory are combined in the theoretical framework to create a broad understanding of the diffusion process of biogas technologies in Brazil. While TIS focusses on what are the functions been performed within the system, Societal embedding contributes to the understanding of why technological diffusion may not happen in the same way in different regions and how technologies are rooted in society. Diffusion of innovation theory adds to the importance of individual choices and strategies in the adoption of technologies. A comparative case study was design between the states São Paulo and Paraná. 16 semi-structured interviews served as the main research instrument with the support of document studies. When looking at the factors that could impact the adoption of biogas technologies the presence of specialized actors that can offer technical support to the implementation of projects locally proved to be positive considering that biogas technologies are still novel in Brazil. The unreliability of the energy grid in rural regions also favours the adoption of biogas technologies for electricity generation in agriculture properties that can combined waste treatment with energy security. Access to financial and human resources is still the largest barrier for the diffusion of biogas technologies. Financial institutions are at large unprepared to offer good conditions for the implementation of biogas projects, mainly because they do not understand the singularities of these projects. The adoption of biogas technologies in the case studies was mainly dictated by the economic activities in place, which shaped the view on biogas technologies. The complexities of the regulatory environment in Brazil could explain why electricity generation is still the main application of biogas technologies as the electricity market is regulated at national level while gas markets are the responsibility of individual states. When biogas technologies are portraited as a tool for sustainable development, other advantages of these technologies are highlighted – environmental and social benefits such as waste treatment and job creation – creating a better claim for biogas technologies which could boost adoption.

This paper investigates the viability of a machine learning model based on similarities in text structure compared to one based on statistical properties in the text to detect cheating in digital examinations. The machine learning model comparing similarity in text structure used Levenstein distance and the one comparing statistical text properties compared cosine distance between word vectors. The paper also investigates whether security has been a driving force impacting the industrial dynamics of the digitalization of examinations in Sweden. This is done using the multi-level perspective framework and interviewing users of a digital examination platform. The results show that the machine learning model based on statistical text properties has a higher accuracy, recall, precision and F-score. Nothing is concluded from this, however, due to discussion of validity of the results from the machine learning model based on the similarities in text structure. The analysis of the industrial dynamics shows that security has been a driving force towards digitalization.

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Yes / Despite the growing research on the performance implications of technological and organizational innovation, our understanding of how they impact SMEs’ international performance is limited. Drawing from the dynamic capability and the institutional theories, this study argues that technological and organizational innovation has a synergistic effect on international performance and that this effect is contingent on unique domestic institutional factors. We test this model using structural equation modeling on a sample of 204 internationalized SMEs operating in Ghana. The findings from the analysis show that high levels of organizational and technological innovation jointly improve SMEs’ international performance. In addition, the results show that institutional environment specificity and institutional environment enforceability enhance the complementary effect of organizational and technological innovation on the international performance of SMEs. The theoretical and managerial implications of the findings are discussed.