本文大致分為兩部分，第一部分從羅蘭・巴特談論照片的專書《明室》開始，以刺點與知面的兩種觀看為基礎，討論在刺點的觀看裡觀看者的內部變化，引入德勒茲將身體視為流變的存在的觀點，將羅蘭・巴特視為偶發事件的刺點與德勒茲的「事件」概念接軌，說明刺點的觀看中的無意義，以及觀看者在觀看中的流變。第二是關於刺點中我們同時感受到的純粹感覺，這部分以德勒茲談論繪畫時說到的直接於身體上作用的感覺為基礎，以及在影像上製造感覺形象的方法。並以攝影師荒木經惟的作品和創作方式為例，說明攝影具有拍攝感覺的優越性。並以此歸類出一條與一般紀錄社會共識和知識的攝影不同的，拍攝感覺和無意義的攝影路線。 / This thesis is mainly divided into two portions: The first one begins with the discussion of La Chambre Claire by Roland Barthes, in which he bases the two ways of seeing upon punctum and studium. While elaborating on the inner becoming of the spectator in Barthes’ notion of punctum, I complicate this idea with Gilles Deleuze’s concept of becoming. Deleuze stresses on the body as the event of the being of becoming, which can be connected to Barthes’ punctum as a contingent event. The combination of Barthes and Deleuze helps explicate on the nonsense inherent in punctum and the process of becoming inside the spectator. The second is concerned with the pure sensation integral to punctum. I appropriate Deleuze’s insight on how art affects directly on the body to produce sensation in order to discuss how photography can create the Figure. And we through the illustrations of Araki Nobuyoshi’s photo images and his creative method. In conclusion, I propose that photography is the superior form in capturing sensation, and suggest that, photography has another function, which different from the function of documenting social consensus and knowledge, it does function to capture sensations and nonsense.

Proteins can be labeled with different tags to enable their structural and functional investigations. In addition, labeling proteins at specific sites helps in studying the conformational dynamics of these molecules. A plethora of methods is available to facilitate labeling, choice of which largely depends on the requirements and the anticipated end results. In general, the various labeling methods can be classified into four different classes based on the stage at which labeling is performed, namely post translational labeling, non-ribosomal synthesis, in vitro translation and in vivo translation. Interestingly all these techniques use different unnatural amino acids for this purpose. Protein folding is one among the many applications that requires tailoring proteins with special molecules or labels for deducing the folding pathway. Understanding the protein folding problem is a key for answering questions concerning protein behavior and thus, will provide strategies to solve protein misfolding diseases. Protein folding is one among the unsolved problems in biology and in particular understanding the in vivo behavior of proteins in the complex cytoplasm environment with a cellular density of approximately 350 to 400 mg/ml is more critical. It is evident that there is a difference in the behavior and folding of proteins in vivo and in vitro and to deduce more insights in this aspect the protein of interest is to be labeled with a sensitive probe. The in vivo translation method offers a good method of choice for labeling the protein at a specific position and monitoring its behavior. To study the ultimate goals of acquiring knowledge of the in vivo behavior and folding characteristics of proteins, the first step of establishing an efficient labeling technique is quintessential and as a starting step, this project aims to label a β-clam protein, cellular retinoic acid binding protein I (CRABP I) a 136 amino acid protein, with a sensitive unnatural fluorescent amino acid probe in vivo in E. coli cells.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:59:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aline Aparecida de Souza Gomes.pdf: 297002 bytes, checksum: 2b39f2eec846156044b2cf82c8ed7261 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-26 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / Situated in the field of literature and Literary criticism, the objective of this research is to investigate the characteristics of the play O Santo e a Porca (1957) THE saint and the sow (1957) , by Ariano Suassuna, seeking to highlight the elements that represent his artistic-literary aspect. The study starts relying on the basis used and recreated by the author on an attempt to enlight the elements of popular northern culture. For that, on Chapter I Miscellanea of traditions : we reflect about a mythical-dramatic speech, o Romanceiro the Romancer, the actors/singers, the correlation author-actors-public, sham and the irony. After that, we work on Chapter II The frame of the fabling in The Saint and the Sow , the scene as reinvention of reality, Caroba s treacherous dialog and the disconnections between word, scene and action, using them related to the treason to life. On Chapter III The theatre of the nonsense on the Saint and the Sow s storyline : we think about the theme variations provoked by the imaginary, the reinvention of the common based on the sintatic-semantics mismatch and the revelation of the meaning of life that reaches the northeastern men through the storyline. We take as support Mikhail Bakhtin that helped us comprehend the popular culture on Middle Ages and on the Renaissance; Vladimir Propp who gave basis on the comic feature. Henri Bergson was also used to help in the Teoria do Riso and Idelette Muzart Santos, researcher, that helped us analyze the universality of the Suassunian Theatre , among others. The methodology in use was marked by the inductive-deductive and descriptive-analytic procedures, contributing to the recognizing and interpretation of the presence of indicators of the intertextuality of the form and the theatre storyline s speech of The Saint and the Sow , and to score the novelty marks of his literary creation in a new scenario: the universal / Situada na área da Literatura e Crítica Literária, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar as características peculiares à peça O santo e a porca (1957), de Ariano Suassuna, buscando dar relevância aos elementos que lhe conferem o cunho artístico-literário. O estudo parte, primeiramente, das fontes utilizadas e recriadas pelo autor na tentativa de valorizar os elementos da cultura popular nordestina. Para isso, no capítulo I Miscelâneas de Tradições : refletimos sobre a narrativa míticodramática, o Romanceiro, os atores/cantadores, a correlação autor-atores-público, a farsa e a ironia. Na sequência, trabalhamos no capítulo II A Moldura da Efabulação em O santo e a porca , a questão da cena como reinvenção da realidade, o diálogo traiçoeiro de Caroba e as desconexões entre a palavra, a cena e a ação, correlacionando-as com a traição à vida. No capítulo III O Teatro do absurdo no enredo de O santo e a porca refletimos sobre as variações temáticas provocadas pelo imaginário, a reinvenção do popular com base nos desencontros sintático-semânticos e a revelação do sentido da vida que se desprende do enredo e atinge o homem nordestino. Tomamos como suporte o teórico Mikhail Bakhtin que nos auxiliou a compreender a questão da cultura popular na Idade Média e no Renascimento; Vladimir Propp que nos fundamentou com a questão do cômico. Também nos servimos de Henri Bergson com a teoria do riso e Idelette Muzart Santos, estudiosa e pesquisadora, que nos ajudou a refletir sobre a universalidade do teatro suassuniano, dentre outros. A metodologia em uso caracterizou-se pelo procedimento indutivo-dedutivo e descritivo-analítico, contribuindo para o reconhecimento e interpretação da presença dos indicadores na intertextualidade da forma e da linguagem do roteiro teatral de O santo e a porca, e para se alcançar as marcas da novidade de sua criação literária em novo cenário, o universal

xiii, 137 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / Research suggests that development of the alphabetic principle is a critical factor in learning to recognize words and becoming a successful reader. The alphabetic principle encompasses both the understanding that relationships exist between letters and sounds and the application of these relationships to reading words. This study investigated the degree to which different measures of the alphabetic principle were predictive of later reading development. These measures were examined in the context of Ehri's phase theory of sight word development to investigate how different behaviors associated with the alphabetic principle fit within a developmental framework. Two cohorts of students (109 kindergarteners, 212 first graders) participated in this study from spring of 2007 until late fall of 2008 (58 second graders, 121 third graders). The predictive powers of single and combined measures of the alphabetic principle were analyzed using sequential regression. Results indicated that each measure explained significant between-student variation in performance on measures of word reading fluency, oral reading fluency (ORF), vocabulary, and reading comprehension. A measure of letter-sounds embedded in nonsense words appeared to have more utility for the prediction of reading outcomes than a measure of letter-sounds presented in isolation. Additionally, including a measure of nonsense words with a measure of letter-sounds embedded in nonsense words increased the predictive power of the model over and above the predictive power of letter sounds alone. Growth on ORF served as an additional criterion for the purpose of investigating the methodology of measuring growth. Two conceptualizations of growth were explored: raw score change over time and individual rates of growth over time (slope). Correlations and sequential regression were used to evaluate the relationship between raw score change and measures of the alphabetic principle. Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) was used to model individual slopes on Lexile measures of ORF (LORF). In general, raw score change appeared largely unrelated to measures of the alphabetic principle. HLM analyses revealed that individual differences in slope on LORF were minimal and not very reliable, making the prediction of these differences difficult. Recommendations for future research and implications for practice are discussed. / Committee in charge: Roland Good, Chairperson, Special Education and Clinical Sciences; Kenneth Merrell, Member, Special Education and Clinical Sciences; Leanne Ketterlin Geller, Member, Educational Methodology, Policy, and Leadership; Jean Stockard, Outside Member, Planning Public Policy and Management

Annotation The theme of this diploma thesis is Czech author fairy-tale from 1989 onwards. The first three chapters deal with general information on author fairy-tale, its reader and its history. In the fourth chapter we reflect on original Czech children's books published after 1989 and attempt to describe the current state and developing trends. We selected several representative fairy-tale books and divided them into three principle types of the contemporary Czech author fairy- tale. The imitative-innovative type is closest to the folklore tradition, the nonsense-parodical type is based on parody or negation of the folk fairy-tale, and the imaginative type is based on symbol, metaphor and allegory. We identified another type of modern fairy-tale and called it the fairy-tale mixed into a real story. It comes out of the nonsense-parodical type and sits on the edge between fairy-tale and real prose. The aim of this diploma thesis is to describe the main trends in contemporary Czech author fairy-tale and to apply them to the selected children's books.

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Natrium-kaliumpumpen spelar en väsentlig roll i en rad fysiologiska funktioner då den upprätthåller den elektrokemiska gradienten över cellmembranet. Ytterligare så är störningar i dess funktion associerade med flera neurologiska sjukdomar. Proteinet är en heterodimer av α– och β–subenheter, ibland även associerat med en tredje γ (FXYD) subenhet, vilket gör det problematiskt att studera dess högre ordningens organisation i cellmembranet med hjälp av konventionella, relativt storskaliga inmärkiningsprober såsom antikroppar. Inkorporering av icke-kanoniska aminosyror är ett nyutvecklat och växande område som erbjuder en lösning. Genom CuAAC– och SPIEDAC–klickkonjugationsreaktioner kan organiska färgämnen (fluoroforer) snabbt och specifikt fästas i sidokedjor med motsvarande reaktiva grupper på jonpumpen, vilket skapar en liten och icke-invasiv inmärkningsprob för fluorescensmikroskopi. För att specifikt studera alla tre subenheter samtidigt krävs inmärkning med tre olika fluoroforer). Syftet med detta projekt var att lyckas med trefärgsinmärkning genom inkorporering av icke-kanoniska aminosyror, och därigenom underlätta studerandet av hur natrium-kaliumpumpens subenheter ordnar sig i cellmembranet. Transient transfekterade HEK293T-celler med membraninmärkta jonpumpar studerades med hjälp av fluorescensmikroskopi, vilket kompletterades med gelfluorescensavbildning och immunoblotting. Samtidigt gjordes proteinuttryck och tvåfärgsinmärkning av alla nonsenskodonmuterade subenheter i kombination med varandra och var synlig i proteingel, där endast α och β tidigare hade samuttryckts. α/γ parinmärkning visade sig framgångsrik när de samtransfekterades med β av vildtyp. En autofluorescenseffekt i en av färgkanalerna påverkade resultaten för mikroskopin. Trefärgsinmärkning observerades inte i gelen, och uttrycket av subenheterna (varav α var ersatt för detta experiment) var i stort sett obefintligt. Otydlighet består därmed huruvida trefärgsinmärkning eller trippelsamuttryck är möjligt med de bioortogonala translationssystemen som användes i detta projekt på jonpumpen. / Na+/K+-ATPase is an essential ion pump protein in a host of physiological functions as it maintains the electrochemical gradient across cell membranes. Additionally, its dysfunction is implicated in several neurological diseases. The protein is a heterodimer of α and β subunits, occasionally associated with a third γ (FXYD) subunit, which makes studying its higher order organization in the cell membrane difficult using conventional, relatively large scale labeling probes such as antibodies. Non-canonical amino acid incorporation is an emerging field which offers a solution. Via CuAAC and SPIEDAC click conjugation reactions, organic fluorophores can be specifically attached to the side chains of residues of the ion pump with corresponding reactive moieties, creating a small and noninvasive probe for fluorescence microscopy imaging. In order to specifically image all three subunits concurrently, three color labeling is required. The objective of this project was to achieve three color labeling via non-canonical amino acid incorporation to aid in the study of the cell membrane localization of the subunits of Na+/K+-ATPase. Fluorescence microscopy of transiently transfected and live cell labeled HEK293T cells was complemented by in gel fluorescence imaging and immunoblotting. Coexpression and two color labeling of all nonsense codon subunit mutants in combination was shown in gel, of which only α and β had previously been coexpressed. α/γ dual labeling proved successful when cotransfected with wild type β. An autofluorescent effect in one of the color channels compromised the microscopy results. Three color labeling was not observed in gel, and expression of the subunits (including a substitute for α) was middling to absent. It remains unclear whether three color labeling or triple coexpression is a possibility with the bioorthogonal translation systems used in this project.

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