Submitted by Joana Azevedo (joanad@id.uff.br) on 2017-07-03T18:35:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert LUCIANA SOUZA CASTRO.pdf: 3617924 bytes, checksum: 49fc705eff9854e361af269808aca5b4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Biblioteca da Escola de Engenharia (bee@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-07-10T16:16:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert LUCIANA SOUZA CASTRO.pdf: 3617924 bytes, checksum: 49fc705eff9854e361af269808aca5b4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T16:16:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert LUCIANA SOUZA CASTRO.pdf: 3617924 bytes, checksum: 49fc705eff9854e361af269808aca5b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-20 / Tanto a dinâmica da produção tecnológica como a globalização vêm há décadas provocando transformações, não só na forma como se produz um determinado produto ou serviço, mas em todo o seu contexto. A gestão por processos passou a ser uma demanda nos novos tempos por proporcionar uma solução possível para os desafios que se anunciam a cada instante. A pesquisa objetivou utilizá-la para otimizar um processo de aquisição bibliográfica, considerando sua interferência na estrutura funcional, organizacional e financeira da biblioteca. A presente pesquisa caracteriza-se como qualitativa quanto à natureza e como dedutiva, quanto à abordagem teórica. O meio utilizado para investigação foi o estudo de caso. O campo de aplicação da pesquisa foi a Biblioteca do Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca (CEFET/RJ), campus Petrópolis. Através do mapeamento chegou-se ao registro, à compreensão e à normalização deste processo, além de considerar fatores externos e internos que influenciam direta ou indiretamente na efetividade do processo, o que fundamentou melhorias identificadas como necessárias e que, uma vez implementadas, refletirão na atuação da biblioteca diante do atendimento às demandas por serviços de informação. O padrão de modelagem adotado foi o Business Process Management Notation (BPMN). A modelagem em questão permitiu a identificação de problemas, e evidenciou as implicações dos fatores identificados e considerados no contexto do processo. Esta análise acrescentou melhorias e mudanças diretas no processo gerando a proposta de um novo modelo para o processo de aquisição bibliográfica para a biblioteca. A pesquisa contribui para a área de Engenharia de produção no que diversifica a aplicação de suas ferramentas no benefício a gestão de outras áreas como a Biblioteconomia e Documentação. / For decades, the dynamics of technological production and globalization have led to changes not only in the way a product or service is produced, but in their whole context. In recent times, the process management became a requirement and a solution to future challenges which frequently arise. The objective of this research is its application to a bibliographic acquisition process optimization, since this process interferes in the functional, organizational and budgetary structure of a library. This research is characterized as qualitative in its nature and as deductive in its theoretical approach and a case study is used. The research application field is the Library of the Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca (CEFET / RJ) Petropolis campus. A process mapping aims at the comprehension, standardization and registration of the process. Besides, external and internal factors that directly or indirectly influence in the effectiveness of the process are considered. Thereby, the basis to support improvements to be implemented in the library's activities are set. These reflect in the fulfillment of the demand for information services. The Business Process Management Notation (BPMN) is the modeling standard adopted, i.e. it is the basis for the modeling of the process. The modeling in question allowed the identification of problems, and evidenced the implications of the factors identified and considered in the context of the process. This analysis added improvements and direct changes in the process which resulted in a proposal for a new model for the bibliographic acquisition process for the library. The research contributes to the area of Production Engineering by diversifying the applications of its tools and results inmanagerial benefits in other areas such as Librarianship and Documentation.

This study explores complexity metrics for business artifact process models described by Case Management Model and Notation (CMMN). Process models are usually described using Business Process Management (BPM), which is a relatively mature discipline with a large number of practitioners. Over the last few decades a new way of describing data intensive business processes has emerged in BPM literature, for which traditional BPM is no longer adequate. This emerging method, used to describe more flexible processes, is called business artifacts with Guard-Stage-Milestone (GSM). The work on GSM influenced CMMN, which was created to fill a market need for more flexible case management processes for knowledge workers. Complexity metrics have been developed for traditional BPM models, such as the Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN). However, traditional BPM is not suitable for describing GSM or CMMN process models. Therefore, complexity metrics developed for traditional process models may not be applicable to business artifact process models such as CMMN. This study addresses this gap by exploring complexity metrics for business artifact process models using CMMN. The findings of this study have practical implications for the CMMN standard and for the commercial products implementing CMMN. This research makes the following contributions: • The development of a formal description of CMMN using first-order logic. • An exploration of the relationship between CMMN and GSM and the development of transformation procedures between them. • A comparison between the method complexity of CMMN and other popular process methods, including BPMN, Unified Modeling Language (UML) Activity diagrams, and Event-driven Process Charts (EPC). • The creation of a systematic literature review of complexity metrics for process models, which was conducted in order to inform the creation of CMMN metrics. • The identification of a set of complexity metrics for the CMMN standard, which underwent theoretical and empirical validation. This research advances literature in the areas of method complexity, complexity metrics for process models, declarative processes, and research on CMMN by characterizing CMMN method complexity, identifying complexity metrics for CMMN, and exploring the relationship between CMMN and GSM. / School of Computing / Ph. D. (Computer Science)

In electronic commerce, systems development is based on two fundamental types of models, business models and process models. A business model is concerned with value exchanges among business partners, while a process model focuses on operational and procedural aspects of business communication. Thus, a business model defines the what in an e-commerce system, while a process model defines the how. Business process design can be facilitated and improved by a method for systematically moving from a business model to a process model. Such a method would provide support for traceability, evaluation of design alternatives, and seamless transition from analysis to realization. This work proposes a unified framework that can be used as a basis to analyze, to interpret and to understand different concepts associated at different stages in e-Commerce system development. In this thesis, we illustrate how UN/CEFACT’s recommended metamodels for business and process design can be analyzed, extended and then integrated for the final solutions based on the proposed unified framework. Also, as an application of the framework, we demonstrate how process-modeling tasks can be facilitated in e-Commerce system design. The proposed methodology, called BP3 stands for Business Process Patterns Perspective. The BP3 methodology uses a question-answer interface to capture different business requirements from the designers. It is based on pre-defined process patterns, and the final solution is generated by applying the captured business requirements by means of a set of production rules to complete the inter-process communication among these patterns.

In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden kontinuumsmechanische Probleme mit nichtmateriellen Randbedingungen untersucht. Randbedingungen gelten dabei als nichtmateriell, wenn sie im Zeitverlauf nicht ein und demselben materiellen Punkt zugeordnet werden können. Die Erweiterung der klassischen kontinuumsmechanischen Feldgleichungen um solche Randbedingungen erfolgt unter Anwendung einer Arbitrary-LAGRANGE-EULER-Kinematik. Hierbei wird eine Notation entwickelt, bei der Feldgrößen und Operatoren ihre jeweilige Platzierung eindeutig zugeordnet wird. Insbesondere in Hinblick auf eine konsistente Darstellung von Ableitungsoperatoren werden die Vorteile dieser Schreibweise dargelegt. Zur Ermittlung und Untersuchung (semi-)analytischer Lösungen dienen Beispiele eindimensionaler Kontinua, die sich zwei unterschiedlichen Problemklassen zuordnen lassen. In der ersten Problemklasse gelingen analytische Lösungen mit Hilfe eines Integrations- und eines Separationsansatzes für das Modell einer axial unbewegten, schwingenden Saite. Als nichtmaterielle Randbedingungen werden dabei die transversalen Verschiebungen an zwei zeitabhängigen Positionen zu null vorgeschrieben. In der zweiten Problemklasse sind eine Saite sowie ein Seil, die einer vorgegebenen axialen Führungsbewegung unterliegen, Gegenstand der Untersuchung. In diesem Fall sind die zwei vorgegebenen, räumlich festen Verschiebungsrandbedingungen nichtmateriell. Es finden (semi-)analytische Verfahren Anwendung. Die Relativgeschwindigkeit zwischen den Randbedingungen und dem jeweils betrachteten Kontinuum wird dabei als beliebig zeitabhängig angenommen. Eine experimentelle Studie zum Schwingungsverhalten eines Monochords mit nichtmateriellen Randbedingungen vervollständigt die Analyse eindimensionaler Kontinua. Aus den ermittelten (semi-)analytischen Lösungen werden Rückschlüsse auf das Transformationsverhalten der Bewegungsgleichungen dreidimensionaler Kontinua gezogen. Damit sind die entwickelten Methoden in vielen technischen Anwendungen einsetzbar. Als ein wirtschaftlich bedeutendes Beispiel ist die Schwingungsanalyse axial bewegter Papierbahnen in Papierproduktionsmaschinen zu nennen. / Within this work, problems of continuum mechanics with non-material boundary conditions are investigated. Boundary conditions are classified as non-material if they can not be assigned to one and only one material particle over time. The extension of the classical field-equations of continuum mechanics by such boundary conditions is realized by application of Arbitrary-LAGRANGE -E ULER -Kinematics. Therefore a notation, which assigns the particular placement to field quantities and operators, is developed. The advantages of this notation can be identified particularly with regard to a consistent representation of derivative operators. Examples of one-dimensional continua, which can be assigned to different problem categories, are used to determine and investigate (semi-)analytical solutions. In the first category, analytical solutions can be found using an integral and a separation formulation for the model of an axially non-moving, vibrating string. As non-material boundary conditions the transverse displacements at two time-dependent positions are prescribed to zero. A string and a wire, which are moved axially, are investigated within the second problem category. In this case, the prescribed, spatially fixed displacement conditions are non-material. The applied methods are (semi-)analytical. The relative velocity between the boundary conditions and the considered continuum is assumed to be arbitrary time-dependent. An experimental study on the vibration behaviour of a monochord with non-material boundary conditions completes the analysis of one-dimensional continua. Conclusions on the transformation of the equations of motion of three-dimensional continua are derived from the determined (semi-)analytical solutions. For this reason the developed methods are usable in many technical applications. The vibration analysis of axially moving paper sheets in papermaking machines can be stated as an economical important example.

Les visualisations, dans le sens général de représentations externes et physiques de données, sont plus anciennes que l'invention de l'écriture. De manière générale, les représentations externes encouragent la cognition et la pensée visuelle, et nous avons développé des savoir-faire pour les créer et les exploiter. La révolution informatique a augmenté la quantité de données qu'il est possible de collecter et de traiter, et a diversifié les façons de les représenter visuellement. Les systèmes de visualisation assistés par ordinateur, et étudiés dans le domaine de la visualisation d'information, sont aujourd'hui si puissants et complexes que nous avons besoin de techniques d'interaction très sophistiqués. Grâce au développement des possibilités technologiques au-delà des ordinateurs de bureau, un large éventail d'utilisations émerge. Non seulement des surfaces d'affichage de formes et de tailles variées permettent de montrer des visualisations plus riches, mais aussi des dispositifs d'entrée de nouvelle génération peuvent être utilisés qui exploitent les aptitudes humaines à manipuler les objets physiques. Cependant, ces technologies sont peu étudiées dans le contexte de la visualisation d'information. Tout d'abord, un premier problème découle d'une terminologie insuffisante. Dans cette thèse, je définis et étudie entre autres le concept de corporalisation (embodiment) pour la visualisation d'information. Concernant les visualisations, la corporalisation réfère à la congruence entre les éléments visuels d'une visualisation et leurs formes physiques. Ce concept intègre des concepts déjà connus tels que la tangibilité. Par exemple, l'interaction tangible s'attache à la représentation d'objets virtuels par des objets physiques. Mais en réalité, leur forme physique n'est pas nécessairement congruente avec l'objet virtuel. Un second problème découle du peu d'exemples convaincants d'interfaces tangibles appliquées à la visualisation d'information. Dans le domaine de la visualisation d'information, les écrans standard et les dispositifs d'entrée génériques tels que la souris, sont toujours les plus courants et considérés comme les plus efficaces. Cependant, aussi bien la partie affichage que la partie contrôle fournit des possibilités de corporalisation : les dispositifs d'entrée peuvent être spécialisés et adaptés de façon à ce que leur forme physique ressemble à leur fonction; les écrans peuvent être rendus déformables ou, dans l'avenir, être composés d'une matière programmable capable de prendre n'importe quelle forme imaginable. Mais la recherche sur les écrans et matières déformables est pour l'instant principalement dirigée par l'innovation technologique sans tenir compte des applications possibles à la visualisation d'information. Dans cette thèse, j'propose la corporalisation comme principe de conception pour la visualisation d'information. Je démontre l'efficacité et l'utilisabilité des dispositifs d'entrée corporalisés ainsi que des affichages corporalisés, en présentant trois expériences contrôlées. Par la suite, je présente un modèle d'interaction conceptuel et un système de notation visuelle pour décrire, comparer et critiquer différents types de systèmes de visualisation, et j'illustre l'utilisation de ce modèle à partir d'études de cas. Enfin, je présente un outil de conception pour aider à la création de visualisations physiques. Cet outil s'adresse à des utilisateurs novices en visualisation d'information et en fabrication numérique, et peut contribuer à sensibiliser ces utilisateurs à l'intérêt d'explorer des données qui les concernent dans leur vie quotidienne. En résumé, cette thèse contribue à la compréhension de la valeur ajoutée des interfaces physiques pour la visualisation d'information.

This thesis explores the field of context-aware information systems (CAIS). We present an approach called Compose, Learn, and Discover (CLD) to incorporate CAIS into the user daily workflow. The CLD approach is self-adjusting. It enables users to personalise the information views for different situations. The CAIS learns about the usage of the information views and recalls the right view in the right situation. We illustrate the CLD approach through an application in the health care field using the Clinical Document Architecture (CDA). In order to realise the CLD approach, we introduce Semantic Composition as a new paradigm to personalise information views. Semantic Composition leverages the type information in the domain model to simplify the user-interface composition process. We also introduce a pattern discovery mechanism that leverages data-mining algorithms to discover correlations between user information needs and different situations.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Los Angeles, 2008. / CD-ROM entitled "The motion graphics scores of Severin Behnen" includes the animated scores. Includes bibliographical references (v. 1, leaves 138-142).

Specification plays a vital role in software engineering to facilitate the development of highly dependable software. The importance of specification in software development is to serve, amongst others, as a communication tool for stakeholders in the software project. The specification also adds to the understanding of operations, and describes the properties of a system. Various techniques may be used for specification work. Z is a formal specification language that is based on a strongly-typed fragment of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory and first-order logic to provide for precise and unambiguous specifications. Z uses mathematical notation to build abstract data, which is necessary for a specification. The role of abstraction is to describe what the system does without prescribing how it should be done. Diagrams, on the other hand, have also been used in various areas, and in software engineering they could be used to add a visual component to software specifications. It is plausible that diagrams may also be used to reason in a semi-formal way about the properties of a specification. Many diagrammatic languages are based on contours and set theory. Examples of these languages are Euler-, Spider-, Venn- and Pierce diagrams. Euler diagrams form the foundation of most diagrams that are based on closed curves. Diagrams, on the other hand, have also been used in various areas, and in software engineering they could be used to add a visual component to software specifications. It is plausible that diagrams may also be used to reason in a semi-formal way about the properties of a specification. Many diagrammatic languages are based on contours and set theory. Examples of these languages are Euler-, Spider-, Venn- and Pierce diagrams. Euler diagrams form the foundation of most diagrams that are based on closed curves. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the extent to which diagrams can be used to represent a Z specification. A case study is used to transform the specification modelled with Z language into a diagrammatic specification. Euler, spider, Venn and Pierce diagrams are combined for this purpose, to form one diagrammatic notation that is used to transform a Z specification / School of Computing / M. Sc. (Information Systems)

The study examined the use of multiple representations such as the real world, written symbols, spoken symbols, diagrams and manipulatives by learners to promote the learning of percentages and fractions through social interaction. This investigation was carried out through a teaching and learning programme which was developed and implemented by me, the researcher. The effect of the implemented programme was the main focus of the research. The qualitative study was oriented in the interpretive paradigm – a paradigm that seeks to understand the meaning attached to human actions. Twenty learners participated in the implementation of the programme and 9 learners were selected for focus group interviews. The purpose of the interviews was to explore learners' understanding and feelings about the use of multiple representations in the learning of percentages and fractions through social interactions. The other tools employed in this study were pre-and-post diagnostic tests, observations, learners' work and a journal. The pre-test was used to determine learners' prior knowledge for the program design and implementation, while the post-test and learners' work were used to analyze the effect of the programme. Observations were used to investigate how multiple representations promoted or did not promote the learning of percentages and fractions. The teacher's journal was to record and reflect on any relevant information gathered on each lesson observed. The data shows that the effective use of multiple representations helped learners learn the concept of percentages and fractions better. Learners were able to look at representations in useful ways; multiple representations made some aspects of the concept clear; and multiple representations enabled learners to correct errors. Through the interaction between the teacher and learners, the following was found: all the learners changed words to change focus; learners made links between multiple representations; the learners deepened their concepts of percentages and fractions; learners could convert between fractions using multiple representations; learners could work out percentages of a quantity; and learners could express one quantity as a percentage of another. Furthermore, through the interaction between learners and learners all learners could identify more equivalent fractions of an initial fraction which was given to them; and they could increase and decrease a quantity by a given percentage. On the basis of this research, it can be concluded that the programme promoted the learning of percentages and fractions through three effective methodologies. The first methodology consisted of the effective use of multiple representations; the second methodology concerned the interaction between the teacher and learner during the learning process and the last methodology related to the interaction between the learners - interactions that were not strongly mediated by the teacher. I would recommend that teachers use these three effective approaches when teaching percentages and fractions to promote the learning of the concepts.

This study explores complexity metrics for business artifact process models described by Case Management Model and Notation (CMMN). Process models are usually described using Business Process Management (BPM), which is a relatively mature discipline with a large number of practitioners. Over the last few decades a new way of describing data intensive business processes has emerged in BPM literature, for which traditional BPM is no longer adequate. This emerging method, used to describe more flexible processes, is called business artifacts with Guard-Stage-Milestone (GSM). The work on GSM influenced CMMN, which was created to fill a market need for more flexible case management processes for knowledge workers. Complexity metrics have been developed for traditional BPM models, such as the Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN). However, traditional BPM is not suitable for describing GSM or CMMN process models. Therefore, complexity metrics developed for traditional process models may not be applicable to business artifact process models such as CMMN. This study addresses this gap by exploring complexity metrics for business artifact process models using CMMN. The findings of this study have practical implications for the CMMN standard and for the commercial products implementing CMMN. This research makes the following contributions: • The development of a formal description of CMMN using first-order logic. • An exploration of the relationship between CMMN and GSM and the development of transformation procedures between them. • A comparison between the method complexity of CMMN and other popular process methods, including BPMN, Unified Modeling Language (UML) Activity diagrams, and Event-driven Process Charts (EPC). • The creation of a systematic literature review of complexity metrics for process models, which was conducted in order to inform the creation of CMMN metrics. • The identification of a set of complexity metrics for the CMMN standard, which underwent theoretical and empirical validation. This research advances literature in the areas of method complexity, complexity metrics for process models, declarative processes, and research on CMMN by characterizing CMMN method complexity, identifying complexity metrics for CMMN, and exploring the relationship between CMMN and GSM. / Ph.D. (Computer Science)