This thesis is worked like experimental design vertical milling machine and design for future. Design was proceeding from numerically controlled vertical milling machines, and milling machine is intented for small machining of shaped areas. Milling head and body of machines are associaded in to one shape. for this thesis was serving technical documents milling machines from company TOS Kuřim. The Machines are names FGS 63 CNC, FGS 50/63, FGS 63B, FGN (Q) 63 CNC.

En fabrication additive métallique par fusion laser sur lit de poudre, la géométrie et les caractéristiques mécaniques des pièces produites sont générées au cours de la fabrication. Ces deux aspects sont grandement influencés par les trajectoires du spot laser et par la maîtrise de l'énergie apportée à la poudre localement. La commande numérique dont le rôle est de générer les consignes à envoyer aux actionneurs a donc un impact conséquent sur la qualité des pièces produites.Ces travaux proposent d'étudier l'impact des traitements effectués dans la commande numérique sur les trajectoires réalisées et sur l'énergie apportée à la matière. Dans la littérature, peu de travaux traitent de ces aspects en fabrication additive. C'est pourquoi une plateforme expérimentale est mise en œuvre et utilisée afin d'analyser et de mieux comprendre les opérations actuellement implémentées dans les commandes numériques industrielles.Un modèle mathématique représentatif de la géométrie de la machine est d'abord établi. Ce modèle permet de convertir les trajectoires du spot laser en consigne pour les actionneurs. Le modèle développé est utilisé afin d'améliorer l'étape de calibration des machines. Une fois le système calibré, les consignes envoyées aux actionneurs sont étudiées. Les différents traitements effectués dans la commande numérique industrielle sont analysés, des limitations sont mises en évidence et plusieurs propositions d'améliorations sont implémentées. Tous ces développements sont ensuite utilisés afin de maîtriser finement l'énergie apportée à la matière dans le cas de certaines trajectoires adaptées au procédé. Les développements scientifiques proposés dans ces travaux sont tous validés expérimentalement sur une machine de fabrication additive ou sur le banc d'essai développé. Les travaux effectués permettent d'envisager de nombreuses perspectives concernant l'amélioration des traitements réalisés dans la commande numérique en fabrication additive. / In metal additive manufacturing by laser powder bed fusion, the geometry and mechanical characteristics of the produced parts are generated during the manufacturing process. These two aspects are greatly influenced by the laser spot trajectories, and by the control of the energy provided to the powder locally. The numerical control system, whose purpose is to generate instructions to be sent to actuators, has therefore a significant impact on the quality of the parts produced.This work proposes to study the local impact of the operations carried out in the numerical control on both the trajectories executed and the energy provided to the material. In the literature, few studies have addressed these aspects in additive manufacturing. For this reason, an experimental platform is implemented and used to analyze and better understand the operations currently implemented in industrial numerical controls.First, a mathematical model representative of the machine geometry is established. This model converts the laser spot trajectories into instructions for actuators. The model developed is used to improve the calibration step of the machines. Once the system is calibrated, the instructions sent to the actuators are studied. The various processes carried out in the industrial numerical control are analysed, limitations are highlighted and several proposals for improvements are implemented. All these developments are then used to precisely control the energy supplied to the material in the case of certain trajectories adapted to the process. The scientific developments proposed in these works are all validated experimentally on an additive manufacturing machine or on the test bench developed. The work carried out makes it possible to envisage many perspectives concerning the improvement of the treatments carried out inside the numerical control in additive manufacturing.

Published Aticle / The Centre for Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing (CRPM) made a humble start in 1997 as a spin-off from a proposed research activity in 1995, at a stage when Technikons were still being seen as occupational training institutions rather than higher education institutions and and as such, were not funded for research. Addressing an area of high importance to the South African industry, the research activity soon grew into a research unit, commercial centre / centre of excellence, technology transfer unit and innovation support centre. Above all, the research started to impact on product development practices to deliver improved products. The paper considers the development of the available technology platforms at the CUT'S CRPM to become a technology power-house on the African continent, and how it impacted on Institutional Research Development in South Africa.

The objective of this work is to develop a methodology to control of equipments powered by stepping motors, via the computer parallel port, with up to three programmable axes, for use in automated processes. To implement the proposed system, used to be an environment for developing computer programs, which could make communication with the computer's parallel port for data transfer control circuits to drive the stepping motors. The program developed has the following functions: priority for implementing the process in the microcomputer operating system, interpretation of sequences of planned operations through data files, view the data file to control the equipment during its implementation; view realtime control data sent to the parallel port, manual and automatic control of equipment, implementation of reverse form of movements applied to the axes of equipment, adjustment of speed of the movement axes of the equipment in automatic or manual and online help system. Important features presented by the proposed system is the precision control of speed, the ability to store different settings for different equipment, possibility of playing in an automatic way to 100 times an operation planned by facilitating mass production, and capacity to store a sequence of manual commands, enabling the program by learning. Practical tests of operation of the system demonstrated the feasibility of applying the technique in cases that require programmable automation. / O objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver uma metodologia de controle de equipamentos acionados por motores de passo, via porta paralela de microcomputadores, com até três eixos programáveis, para utilização em processos de automação. Para implementar o sistema proposto, utilizou-se um ambiente de desenvolvimento de programas computacionais, através do qual foi possível fazer a comunicação com a porta paralela do computador para transferência de dados de controle aos circuitos de acionamento dos motores de passos. O programa desenvolvido possui as seguintes funções: prioridade de execução do processo no sistema operacional do microcomputador; interpretação de seqüências de operações programadas através de arquivos de dados; visualização do arquivo de dados para controle do equipamento durante sua execução; visualização em tempo real dos dados de controle enviados à porta paralela; controle manual e automático do equipamento; execução de forma reversa dos movimentos aplicados aos eixos do equipamento; ajuste de velocidade dos eixos de movimento do equipamento de forma automática ou manual; e sistema de ajuda online. Características importantes apresentadas pelo sistema proposto são a precisão no controle da velocidade, a capacidade de armazenar configurações diversas para diferentes equipamentos, possibilidade de reproduzir de forma automática até 100 vezes uma operação programada, facilitando a produção em série e capacidade de armazenar uma seqüência de comandos manuais, possibilitando a programação por aprendizagem. Testes práticos de operação do sistema demonstraram a viabilidade de aplicação da técnica em processos que demandam automação programável.

Orientador: João Maurício Rosário / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T01:27:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kubiak_Daniel_M.pdf: 11332994 bytes, checksum: 9dd346614b49e0aa29cbb11b5fb2b2b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O objetivo dessa dissertação de mestrado é a proposta de sistema embarcado para supervisão e controle de movimentos de um sistema de posicionamento com 3 GL direcionado a aplicações em dispositivos máquinas ferramenta industriais, que apresentam arquitetura de controle e supervisão aberta que poderão ser integradas a diferentes aplicações da Automação Industrial (sensores, atuadores, sistema de visão e outros), a partir da utilização de ferramentas para prototipagem de sistemas de automação industrial embarcados. O desenvolvimento desse trabalho de pesquisa permitiu a integração de conhecimentos nas diferentes áreas da engenharia, tendo como consequência a implementação de um sistema de controle de posicionamento embarcado, onde essa aplicação poderá ser estendida em outras aplicações de Automação Industrial. No transcorrer desse trabalho foi implementado uma arquitetura de acionamento e controle, e integração com dispositivos embarcados de controle de juntas e sistema de visão e software para geração automática de movimentos, com validação a partir de situações reais. Finalmente, esse trabalho permitiu o desenvolvimento de um ambiente aberto voltado à formação e capacitação profissional de projetos na área de automação industrial, onde os principais conceitos e problemas industriais poderão ser verificados e validados, fornecendo ainda subsídios para a análise e implementação de estratégias para concepção dessas aplicações / Abstract: The objective of this master's degree dissertation is the system proposal embarked for supervision and control of movements of a positioning system with 3 DOF addressed to applications in devices machines tool industrial, that present control architecture and open supervision that can be integrated into different applications of the Industrial Automation (sensor, actuators, vision system and other), starting from the use of tools for prototyping of systems of industrial automation embarked. The development of this research work allowed the integration of knowledge in the different areas of the engineering, tends as consequence the implementation of a system of control of embarked positioning, where this application can be extended in other applications of Industrial Automation. In the Course of this work was implemented a drive and control architecture, and integration with embedded devices of control joints and vision system and software for automatic generation of movements, with validation from actual situations. Finally, this work allowed the development of an open architecture returned to the formation and professional training of projects in the area of industrial automation, where the principal concepts and industrial problems can be verified and validated, still supplying subsidies for the analysis and implementation of strategies for conception of these applications / Mestrado / Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

The computer numerical control (CNC) machines can be programmed. They have functions that help to get different superficies of varied geometry in the manufacturing process of mechanical parts. This research has the purpose to present a methodology of application of the resources of parametrized programming for the developing of manufacturing cycles to a machine (CNC). The parametrized programming seems to be an efficient tool to implement routines that the machine does not have. By using traditional programming resources, it reduces the number of programming lines in relation to more used methods. This dissertation shows a technique that increases the machine operational efficiency by increasing the programming resources, and also add value to the use of the machine in the operational production process / As máquinas de comando numérico computadorizado (CNC) são programáveis e possuem funções que facilitam a obtenção de diferentes superfícies com geometria variada na manufatura de peças mecânicas. Este trabalho tem como finalidade apresentar uma metodologia de aplicação dos recursos avançados de programação no desenvolvimento de rotinas parametrizadas dedicadas ao processo de fresamento. A programação parametrizada mostrou-se uma ferramenta eficaz para criar ciclos de usinagem a serem implementados como recursos adicionais às funções de programação disponíveis no comando da máquina. Por usar recursos tradicionais de programação, a técnica reduz o número de linhas de códigos em relação aos métodos computacionais de geração automática de programas de operação do equipamento. O trabalho mostrou que a técnica de programação parametrizada aumenta a eficiência operacional da máquina, através do aumento dos recursos de programação, agregando maior valor na utilização da mesma para realizar operações produtivas

In this project the objective is to understand how to design a braiding machine capable of automated production of Omnifibre in a research environment. Automated production of Omnifibre is the key issue for the researchers as they want to increase the weaveabilty of the fibers and make it more suitable for use in active textiles. To achieve the necessary knowledge when designing a braiding machine, an extensive literature study was performed which focused on braids, braiding machines, and CNC manufacturing. An Interview with a researcher and with a manufacturing expert was conducted. Simulations of different braiding machine configurations were performed in TexMind braiding machine configurator. Solidworks was used to estimate the size of the braiding machine. A large amount of the machine’s parts were manufactured on a CNC mill and lathe to test manufacturability and to aid in designing optimal subsystems. The result is a proposed design for a braiding machine in the form of a 3-D model and a partially completed prototype used for testing and design evaluation. The conclusion is that Omnifibre is much like other ultra-fine braided threads, and the research on its applicability has a big impact on the braiding machine’s design, especially on flexibility in thread material and braiding patterns.

Baigiamajame magistro darbe nagrinėjamos liejimo slegiant formų projektavimo, ga-mybos technologinio paruošimo bei gamybos proceso problemos ir aptariami novatoriški jų sprendimo būdai. Apžvelgiami plastinių medžiagų perdirbimo procesai. Analizuojamas tradi-cinis liejimo slegiant formų gamybos procesas ir jo trūkumai. Pateikiami organizaciniai ir te-chniniai tradicinio gamybos proceso tobulinimo būdai, panaudojant naujausią programinę įrangą, įrankius, medžiagas ir stakles. Tiriamojoje dalyje atliekamas ruošinio parinkimo įtakos liejimo formos detalių savikainai modeliavimas. Išanalizavus visas liejimo slegiant formų ga-mybos problemas, pateikiamos baigiamojo darbo išvados ir siūlymai. Darbą sudaro 7 dalys: įvadas, plastikų perdirbimas, tradicinio liejimo slegiant formų gamybos proceso analizė, liejimo slegiant formų gamybos proceso šiuolaikinės tobulinimo kryptys, ruošinio parinkimo įtakos liejimo formos detalių savikainai modeliavimas, išvados ir pasiūlymai, literatūros sąrašas. Darbo apimtis – 73 p. teksto be priedų, 50 iliustr., 14 lent., 21 bibliografinis šaltinis. Atskirai pridedami darbo priedai. / In this final master work are investigated plastic injection moulds design, production technological preparation and production problems and discussed innovative solution ways of these problems. Reviewed remake processes of plastic meterials. Analysed tradicional plastic injection mould production process and its weaknesses. Gived organizational and technical tra-dicional production process improvement ways handling the modern software, tools, materials and machines. In investigational part is performed modeling of billet selection influence to cost price of mould parts. After analysis of all the plastic injection moulds production problems gived conclusions and suggestions of this final work. Structure: introduction, remake of plastics, traditional plastic injection moulds production process analysis, modern improvement ways of plastic injection moulds production process, modeling of billet selection influence to cost price of mould parts, conclusions and suggestions, references. Thesis consist of: 73 p. text without appendixes, 50 pictures, 14 tables, 21 bibliographi-cal entries. Appendixes included.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo o design e a fabricação de superfícies tácteis a partir de padrões modulares encaixáveis. Estas superfícies foram construídas em diferentes materiais naturais (minerais e madeiras) e em distintos processos de fabricação inovadores (usinagem por jato de água, usinagem por controle numérico computadorizado ou CNC e corte a laser). A intenção foi desenvolver uma metodologia de design & tecnologia para aplicá-la em painéis de revestimento que possam ser produzidos em baixa escala de forma semi-industrial. A grande variedade de materiais naturais encontrados no estado do Rio Grande do Sul; a carência de design associado a estes materiais quando do produto final e o volume de rejeitos oriundos deste beneficiamento, foram os principais motivadores para a utilização destas matérias primas. O estudo de diferentes técnicas de design de superfície auxilia na transformação destes materiais, para que os mesmos passem a ter o formato de módulo. Dentro deste contexto, foram estudadas as técnicas desenvolvidas pelo artista Maurits Cornelis Escher. Ele dedicou boa parte de sua vida profissional à composição de desenhos que, justamente, partem da utilização da simetria, modularidade, continuidade e encaixe. Neste sentido, após a compreensão das técnicas utilizadas por Escher, alguns de seus desenhos foram aplicados nos materiais selecionados através dos processos de fabricação adequados, possibilitando a construção das diferentes superfícies tácteis. Os resultados obtidos identificam que a utilização de processos de fabricação inovadores para interferência nos materiais naturais são ferramentas importantes para a promoção de uma nova geração de produtos locais. Conclui-se que estas interferências viabilizam a fabricação de produtos com maior valor estético, social e econômico. / This work aims at the design and the manufacturing of tactile surfaces from modular plug patterns. These surfaces were built in different natural materials (mineral and wood) and in distinct innovative manufacturing processes (waterjet machining, computerized numerical control machining or CNC and laser cutting). The objective was to develop a design & technology methodology for applying it in coating panels that can be produced on a semiindustrial small scale. The huge variety of natural materials found in Rio Grande do Sul State, the lack of design associated to these materials as to the final product and the volume of waste from this processing were the main motivators for the use of these raw materials. The study of these different techniques of surface design helps the transformation of these materials in order that they start to have the modular format. Within this context, the techniques developed by the artist Maurits Cornelis Escher were studied. He devoted much of his professional life to the composition of drawings beginning exactly with the use of symmetry, modularity continuity and joint. In this sense, after understanding the techniques used by Escher, some of his drawings were applied in the materials selected through suitable manufacturing processes, enabling the construction of different tactile surfaces. The results obtained identify that the utilization of innovative manufacturing processes to interfere in the natural materials are important tools for the promotion of a new generation of local products. It is conclude that these interferences enable the manufacture of products with greater aesthetic, social and economic value.

With the rise of automation in traditional manufacturing processes, more companies are beginning to integrate computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) cells on their production floors. Through CIM cell integration, companies have the ability to reduce process time and increase production. One of the problems created with CIM cell automation is caused by the dependency the sequential steps have on one another. Dependency created by the previous step increases the probability that a process error could occur due to previous variation. One way to eliminate this dependency is through the use of an in-process measuring device such as a Renishaw spindle probe used in conjunction with a computer numerical control (CNC) milling machine. Western Kentucky University (WKU) utilizes a CIM cell in the Senator Mitch McConnell Advanced Manufacturing and Robotics laboratory. The laboratory is located in the Architectural and Manufacturing Sciences department and gives students the opportunity to learn how automated systems can be integrated. The CIM cell consists of three Mitsubishi six-axis robots, a Haas Mini-mill, a Haas GT-10 lathe, an AXYZ, Inc. CNC router table, 120 watt laser engraver, an Automated Storage and Retrieval System (ASRS), material handling conveyor, and vision station. The CIM cell functions throughout the curriculum as a means for applied learning and research. The researcher used this CIM cell in order to determine if an in-process measuring device, such as the Renishaw spindle probe, had the ability to affect process capability. The researcher conducted the study to see if an in-process measuring device can be integrated into the CIM cell located in the Senator Mitch McConnell Advanced Manufacturing and Robotics laboratory to eliminate compounding variation. The researcher discovered that through the use of a Renishaw 40-2 spindle probe used in conjunction with a CNC Haas Mini Mill, process capability has the potential to be improved in a CIM cell by accounting for compounding variation present in the process.