This study aims to research the user perspective on interactions between authors, readers and the tagging system on the fanwork website Archive of Our Own. To answer the research questions a survey was made and sent out to users of the website via Tumblr and Reddit. In total 97 answers were received. The survey results and subsequent analysis showed us that users have similar preferences and opinions on tag usage, but have some differing opinions on the restrictions of the tag system and its affordances, as well as different views on other users’ tagging behaviors depending on if they are readers or authors. Much of the analysis stays consistent with the results of previous studies and suggestions for future research are given as a result of our own conclusions.

Understanding how nitrifiers react when exposed to low DO conditions could provide a greater understanding of low DO operations in full-scale biological wastewater treatment. Previous methods to observe nitrifier oxygen kinetics do exist in literature, however they are inefficient and labor intensive. Other more efficient methods require the use of selective inhibitors, which alter the characteristics of the biomass. This study developed a time and labor efficient respirometric method to distinctly measure oxygen half-saturation coefficients for both ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) without the use of selective inhibitors. By eliminating the use of inhibitory substances, representative biomass characteristics were maintained throughout the tests. The developed method, called the declining DO method, consisted of using a high-speed dissolved oxygen (DO) probe to measure relative oxygen uptake rates (OUR) within a batch reactor when varying substrates (ammonia and nitrite) were present in excess within the system. A forward model was developed based on Monod kinetics to simultaneously fit Monod curves to the experimental OUR data. These curves were fit by solving for optimum oxygen kinetic parameters representing endogenous respiration, NOB, and AOB. An inverse model using Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis was applied to the results found in the forward model to provide statistical validation of the proposed respirometric method. A separate method, called the substrate utilization rate test, was conducted in parallel with the declining DO tests to compare and verify oxygen half-saturation coefficient results. Parallel tests were conducted using biomass samples from three different Hampton Roads Sanitation District (HRSD) full-scale facilities. Operating conditions between the three HRSD facilities were considered when performing parallel testing, including averages for DO, solids retention time (SRT), and floc size. Average floc size was found to have a significant effect on the observed oxygen half-saturation values. Observed trends for the KO values estimated using the two methods remained consistent throughout all tests, where KO,NOB was always lower than KO,AOB. The comparison of the two methods highlighted some faults associated with the substrate utilization rate test, which is commonly used in literature to observe nitrifier oxygen kinetics. The declining DO method appeared to be more resistant to potential experimental error and required less than half the time compared to the substrate utilization rate test. The development of the declining DO method without the use of selective inhibitors provided a more time and labor efficient technique for estimating apparent KO values for NOB and AOB without sacrificing biomass characteristics representative of the full-scale treatment process. Biomass samples collected from variable treatment process conditions yielded consistent parallel test results, providing further evidence that the proposed declining DO method can be a robust and reliable technique for distinctly measuring apparent oxygen half-saturation values for NOB and AOB. / Master of Science / Wastewater treatment operations utilizing biological nitrogen removal (BNR) require a continuous supply of oxygen for aerobic processes. Energy costs associated with aeration generally accounts for at least 50% of the total energy consumption at conventional activated sludge wastewater treatment facilities. Operating aerobic zones at low average dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations could be an effective way to significantly reduce aeration costs as well as material costs associated with BNR treatment processes. This study developed a method to measure oxygen kinetics for the two groups of autotrophic bacteria responsible for performing nitrogen removal. The method consisted of measuring relative oxygen uptake rates (OUR) within a batch reactor when varying substrates were available. This method is unique from previously developed techniques in that the use of selective inhibitors was not included, meaning the characteristics of the wastewater were largely unchanged and therefore better represent biomass conditions within the full-scale process. The results of the proposed method were verified using an alternate method for estimating oxygen kinetics. These two methods were conducted in parallel using biomass samples from several full-scale Hampton Roads Sanitation District wastewater treatment facilities utilizing a variety of process designs and operating conditions. Consistent results obtained between the two methods suggested the proposed method is an effective technique for distinctly measuring nitrifier oxygen kinetics.

While the study of Charles Dickens’s religion has produced various results, few would contest that Dickens’s religious views are shaped by his peculiar emphasis on Jesus and the Gospels. As to the precise nature of his views and the degree to which his commitment to the Christian faith extends, however, a much lesser degree of consensus has been established. I attempt to demonstrate here that at the heart of his work is a conspicuous Christian worldview, which is grounded squarely in the imitation of Jesus and which pervades his life and his work in the most profound yet unobtrusive ways. I argue, then, that Dickens’s The Life of Our Lord is a definitive source in the Dickens corpus for our understanding of his Christian thought and worldview. Moreover, as a serious expression of Dickens’s understanding of Christianity, The Life of Our Lord also functions as an index to his Christian thought in the larger Dickens corpus. Of first importance then, I attempt to establish the authority of The Life of Our Lord as a composition that will bear the full weight of such assertions. Then, I analyze its content as to its implicit theology in order to establish not only its thoroughgoing Christian character but also to demonstrate that it reveals Dickens’s own genuine Christian conviction manifested in all his work. Drawing the work to a close, I attempt to demonstrate how The Life of Our Lord helps us to understand Dickens’s churchmanship and his relationship to the church. In the end, I comment on its intended purpose as moral instruction for his children exemplifying his understanding of Christianity. The study demonstrates throughout how the Christianity embodied and articulated in The Life of Our Lord is consistently and naturally reflected in all of Dickens’s work, whether fiction, journalism or correspondence.

Modernism has been called “a reaction to the carnage and disillusionment of the First World War and a search for a new mode of art that would rescue civilization from its state of crisis after the war” (Lewis, 109) Hemingway attempts this rescue by re-thinking aspects of the novel that were taken for granted in earlier periods, just as the conventions of modern life were taken for granted pre-WWI. Furthermore, his work tries to rectify the dissonance between a pre and post-war self through the exploration of social conventions relating to violence, trauma and masculinity.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T11:21:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FERNANDO MARTINS DA SILVA.pdf: 12727321 bytes, checksum: 9f91eed0ade36b7371a053ba93e55d6e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-30 / The objective of this research is to discuss Traditions and manifestations of popular culture in Goiás, with the object to Our Party Lady D Abbey in Quirinopolis. It aims to understand if it acts as forming a religion rooted in popular practices, and also, if from these practices, there is the identification of the people with the party sufficient to promote the creation of a cultural identity, and understand if there is the production of a memory. Finally understand what the changes taking place, and if they had any influence in relation to religion. In this way our methodological proposal started from the literature search, observation and participation in the party, interviews and images. Therefore observe the Feast of Our Lady D Abadia translates as place of memory, being remembered for generations, appearing not only as a tradition but as an object of his time, part of a cultural identity, so his perpetuating. / O objetivo desta pesquisa é discutir Tradições e Manifestações da cultura popular em Goiás, tendo como objeto a Festa de Nossa Senhora D Abadia em Quirinópolis. Pretende-se entender se a mesma age como formadora de uma religiosidade enraizada nas práticas populares, e também, se a partir destas práticas, há a identificação do povo com a festa, que seja suficiente para promover a criação de uma identidade cultural, e entender se há a produção de uma memória. Por fim perceber quais as mudanças ocorridas, e se estas tiveram alguma influência em relação a religiosidade. Desta forma a nossa proposta metodológica iniciou-se a partir da pesquisa bibliográfica, observação e participação na festa, entrevistas e imagens. Por tanto observamos que a Festa de Nossa Senhora D Abadia traduz-se como lugar de memória, sendo relembrada por gerações, se apresentando não somente como uma tradição e sim como um objeto de seu tempo, parte de uma identidade cultural, por isso sua perpetuação.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:20:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Robson Belchior Oliveira Chaves.pdf: 20550889 bytes, checksum: cccbdf227599fe22c19d2568ab051749 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-22 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The main concern of this study was to understand the persistence and transformation of the devotion to Our Lady of Aparecida. Therefore, it was important not only to understand its symbolic, economic and social, dimensions as well as to understand their interfaces. Therefore, we sought to explain the origins, settlement and emancipation of the municipality, the emergence and expansion of the devotion to Our Lady of Aparecida, up to receiving the title of Patron of Brazil, disputes over power, legitimacy and ownership of the devotion by the Church and the government; the use of religious tourism in the development of the city, its economic dimension and centralization of resources, the symbolic dimension of she devotion and of the Church discourse against devotional Catholicism and the role of the devotee, tourist and pilgrim. The study was involved a review of literature and primary sources in the archives of the natural shame memo sand Documentation Center, field research, direct observation and recorded interviews with the regional tourism officials, Catholic leaders involved with tourism and devotees living in the city. The results showed the transformation of traditional forms of devotion from the segmentation of the market of tourist activities, a process that is a new synthesis of contemporary social practices. We conclude that there is a strong relationship in Aparecida between tourism and religion, the Church seeing was the institution that officiated the devotion to Our Lady and in the final years of the nineteenth century developed actions known as Romanization expanding its symbolic, economic and social power / A principal preocupação deste trabalho foi entender as persistências e transformações da devoção a Nossa Senhora Aparecida. Para tanto, foi importante não só entender as dimensões simbólica, econômica e social do fenômeno, como compreender suas interfaces. Sendo assim, buscamos investigar as origens, povoamento e emancipação do município; o surgimento e expansão da devoção a Nossa Senhora Aparecida, até alcançar o titulo de Padroeira do Brasil; as disputas de campo pela Igreja e pelo poder público por legitimação e apropriação da devoção; a utilização do Turismo Religioso no desenvolvimento da cidade, sua dimensão econômica e sua centralização de recursos, a dimensão simbólica da devoção e o discurso da Igreja frente ao catolicismo devocional e o papel do devoto, turista e do romeiro. O estudo foi realizado a partir de levantamento bibliográfico e de fontes primárias nos arquivos do Centro de Documentação e Memória do Santuário Nacional, pesquisa de campo, observação direta e entrevistas gravadas com os agentes públicos do turismo regional, dirigentes católicos envolvidos com o produto turístico e devotos moradores da cidade. Os resultados apontaram as transformações das formas tradicionais de devoção a partir da segmentação das atividades turísticas de mercado, processo que tem por síntese novas práticas sociais contemporâneas. Conclui-se que existe uma relação muito forte em Aparecida entre a atividade turística e a religião, por ter sido a Igreja Católica a instituição que oficializou a devoção a Nossa Senhora e, nos anos finais do século XIX, desenvolveu ações conhecidas como romanização ampliando seu poder simbólico econômico e social

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:53:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Robson Belchior Oliveira Chaves.pdf: 20550889 bytes, checksum: cccbdf227599fe22c19d2568ab051749 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-22 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The main concern of this study was to understand the persistence and transformation of the devotion to Our Lady of Aparecida. Therefore, it was important not only to understand its symbolic, economic and social, dimensions as well as to understand their interfaces. Therefore, we sought to explain the origins, settlement and emancipation of the municipality, the emergence and expansion of the devotion to Our Lady of Aparecida, up to receiving the title of Patron of Brazil, disputes over power, legitimacy and ownership of the devotion by the Church and the government; the use of religious tourism in the development of the city, its economic dimension and centralization of resources, the symbolic dimension of she devotion and of the Church discourse against devotional Catholicism and the role of the devotee, tourist and pilgrim. The study was involved a review of literature and primary sources in the archives of the natural shame memo sand Documentation Center, field research, direct observation and recorded interviews with the regional tourism officials, Catholic leaders involved with tourism and devotees living in the city. The results showed the transformation of traditional forms of devotion from the segmentation of the market of tourist activities, a process that is a new synthesis of contemporary social practices. We conclude that there is a strong relationship in Aparecida between tourism and religion, the Church seeing was the institution that officiated the devotion to Our Lady and in the final years of the nineteenth century developed actions known as Romanization expanding its symbolic, economic and social power / A principal preocupação deste trabalho foi entender as persistências e transformações da devoção a Nossa Senhora Aparecida. Para tanto, foi importante não só entender as dimensões simbólica, econômica e social do fenômeno, como compreender suas interfaces. Sendo assim, buscamos investigar as origens, povoamento e emancipação do município; o surgimento e expansão da devoção a Nossa Senhora Aparecida, até alcançar o titulo de Padroeira do Brasil; as disputas de campo pela Igreja e pelo poder público por legitimação e apropriação da devoção; a utilização do Turismo Religioso no desenvolvimento da cidade, sua dimensão econômica e sua centralização de recursos, a dimensão simbólica da devoção e o discurso da Igreja frente ao catolicismo devocional e o papel do devoto, turista e do romeiro. O estudo foi realizado a partir de levantamento bibliográfico e de fontes primárias nos arquivos do Centro de Documentação e Memória do Santuário Nacional, pesquisa de campo, observação direta e entrevistas gravadas com os agentes públicos do turismo regional, dirigentes católicos envolvidos com o produto turístico e devotos moradores da cidade. Os resultados apontaram as transformações das formas tradicionais de devoção a partir da segmentação das atividades turísticas de mercado, processo que tem por síntese novas práticas sociais contemporâneas. Conclui-se que existe uma relação muito forte em Aparecida entre a atividade turística e a religião, por ter sido a Igreja Católica a instituição que oficializou a devoção a Nossa Senhora e, nos anos finais do século XIX, desenvolveu ações conhecidas como romanização ampliando seu poder simbólico econômico e social

<p>This thesis evaluates the performance of a deammonification system designed as a two-step tech-nology consisting of an initial partial nitritation followed by an Anammox process. Operation of a technical-scale pilot plant at the Himmerfjärden Wastewater Treatment Plant (Grödinge, Swe-den) has been assessed. Oxygen Uptake Rate (OUR) to evaluate the respiration activity of nitrifi-ers in the system and batch tests to assess reaction rates have also been applied in the study. It was found that the total inorganic nitrogen elimination strongly depended on the nitrite-to-ammonium ratio in the influent to the Anammox reactor, which was correlated with the per-formance of the partial nitritation phase. Therefore, a control strategy for oxidation of ammo-nium to nitrite has been proposed. Controlled oxygen supply to the partial nitritation reactor is obligatory to obtain a proper pH drop indicating oxidation of ammonia to nitrite at the adequate ratio. A very high nitrogen removal efficiency (an average of 84%) and stable operation of the system have been reached. Conductivity measurements were also used to monitor the system influent nitrogen load and the nitrogen removal in the Anammox reactor. The data gathered from the operation of the pilot plant enabled the use of multivariate data analysis to model the process behaviour and the assessment of the covariances between the process parameters. The options for full-scale implementation of the Anammox systems have been proposed as a result of the study.</p>

Thesis (M.A.P.S.)--Catholic Theological Union at Chicago, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 61-63).

Thesis (M.A.P.S.)--Catholic Theological Union at Chicago, 1998. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [79]-80).