Occupational stress among university and college faculty has significantly increased over the past decade. Employee wellness programs aim to reduce work-related stress through a class of evidence-based activities known as Stress Management Interventions (SMIs). During the COVID-19 pandemic, new challenges in the daily work of academics have simultaneously exacerbated stressful working conditions and exposed shortcomings in traditional face-to-face stress management interventions. Due to time constraints, cost, low scalability, and a high access threshold, the implementation of SMIs on campuses falls short of a national goal set by the United States Department of Health (2010). In addition, existing SMIs are underutilized (Heber et al., 2017). There is a substantial need for more broad-based attention to the health and wellness of university/college faculty, and with the accelerated adoption of work-from-home policies there are calls for the development of internet-based SMIs. This doctoral project investigates evidence and best practice in managing occupational stress among academicians, identifies tools within occupational therapy practice to accommodate remote work, and outlines a development plan to create a cost-effective, internet-based SMI designed for improved administrative implementation and faculty utilization. The program is based on the Person-Environment-Occupation model from occupational therapy literature, which focuses on an individual’s performance as shaped by the congruence of their personal domain (e.g., mental and physical health, self-concept, perceived role, cognition), occupational domain (e.g., their work), and their environment (e.g., physical, institutional, social environments) (Law et al., 1996).

Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskan har ett omfattande omvårdnadsansvar, speciellt i en kontext som akutsjukvården där ett högt patientflöde, akut sjuka patienter och kritiska situationer är vanligt förekommande. Stress kan påverka en människas psykologiska funktioner, vilket kan leda till svårigheter att fungera adekvat. Sjuksköterskor måste ständigt sträva efter att upprätthålla en god vård, även i stressfyllda situationer. Denna stressfulla arbetssituation kan ställa höga krav på sjuksköterskans förmåga att erbjuda en god och säker vård. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av stress i omvårdnadsarbetet inom akutsjukvården  Metod: Denna studie är en allmän litteraturstudie med sökningar i databaserna Cinahl och PubMed. Vald analysmetod är kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Sjuksköterskor som arbetar inom akutsjukvården upplever återkommande stress, vilket upplevs kan försämra vårdkvaliteten, leda till kommunikationsbrist och som en konsekvens, brister i patientsäkerheten. Identifierade stressorer var att känna sig otillräcklig, att upplevas behöva mer stöd och resurser och upplevelser av att inte ha tillräcklig kompetens. Slutsats: Genom utveckling av bättre arbetsförhållanden, adekvat ledningsstöd och vidare utbildning kan sjuksköterskor få bättre resurser och redskap för stresshantering. / Background: Nurses have broad and extensive responsibility, especially in emergency medical care where high patient flow, critically ill patients, and challenging situations is a common occurrence. Extensive stress can lead a negative psychological impact, and therefore a difficulty functioning adequately. Nurse must constantly strive to maintain a good care, even in stressful situations. This stressful work situation makes high demands on the nurse’s ability to offer an adequate and safe care. Aim: The aim for this study was to describe nurses’ experiences of stress in the emergency medical service. Method: This study is a general literature review with searches in two scientific databases, CINAHL and PubMed. Chosen analytical method is a qualitative content analysis.  Results: Nurses working in the emergency medical services experience recurrent stress, can affect the quality of care given, lack of adequate communication, and as consequence deficiency in patient safety. Consequences of identified stressors where to feel inadequate, to feel the need for more support and resources and feelings of having lack of competence.  Conclusion: Through the development of better working conditions, adequate management support and further education, nurses can get better resources and tools to cope with their stress.

Bakgrund: Tidigare studier som undersökt arbetsrelaterad stress har uppgett att en majoritet av sjuksköterskor upplever någon form av stress under sitt arbetspass. Orsaker kan bland annat vara hög arbetsbelastning, tidspress och brist på beröm. För att förebygga ohälsa är det av vikt att kartlägga arbetsrelaterade stressfaktorer, detta för att kunna införa preventiva insatser. Det är av intresse att undersöka hur arbetsrelaterad stress kan påverka omvårdnaden då Socialstyrelsen klarlägger att arbetsmiljön är betydelsefull för att kunna utföra en patientsäker vård. Syfte: Att belysa sjuksköterskors upplevelser av arbetsrelaterad stress i samband med omvårdnadsarbetet. Metod: En litteraturstudie som har inkluderat elva kvalitativa studier. Databassökningarna genomfördes i CINAHL och PubMed där de utvalda studierna kvalitetsgranskades med hjälp av SBU:s granskningsmall. Dataanalysen av studierna utfördes utifrån Popenoe m.fl. Resultat: Sjuksköterskornas upplevelser av arbetsrelaterad stress i samband med omvårdnadsarbetet kunde sammanställas i tre övergripande kategorier; organisatoriska brister, tid som utmaning och otillräcklig kommunikation och samarbete. Utifrån dessa uppkom sex underkategorier; hög arbetsbelastning, underbemanning, tidspress, avbrott i arbetet, brist i samspelet med patient och anhöriga och brist i samverkan mellan kollegor. Konklusion: Generellt visade det sig att sjuksköterskorna upplevde arbetsrelaterad stress i sitt arbete på grund av flera faktorer. Detta resulterade i en försämrad kvalitet på omvårdnaden och det blev brister i att utföra en patientsäker och personcentrerad vård. / Background: Previous studies on occupational stress have stated that a majority of nurses experience some form of stress during their work shift. Reasons can include high workload, time pressure and lack of reward. It is important to chart work-related stress factors in order to prevent illness and to be able to introduce preventive measures. Investigating how occupational stress can affect nursing care is of interest as the National Board of Health and Welfare clarifies that the work environment is important to be able to perform patient-safe care.  Aim: To illustrate nurses’ experiences of occupational stress in relation to nursing care.Method: A literature review that included eleven qualitative studies. Database searches were done in CINAHL and PubMed and the studies have been quality reviewed using SBU:s review template. The articles were analyzed based on Popenoe et al.  Results: The nurses’ experiences of occupational stress in relation to nursing care could be compiled into three overarching categories; organizational shortcomings, time as a challenge and insufficient communication and cooperation. Based on these, six subcategories emerged; high workload, staff shortage, time pressure, interruption of work, lack of interaction with patient and relatives and lack of collaboration with colleagues.  Conclusion: In general it turned out that the nurses experienced occupational stress because of several factors. The result of this were reduced quality of care and there were shortcomings in performing safe and person-centered care.

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Public Safety Personnel (PSP) and Military Personnel (MP) face high rates of potentially traumatic exposures as part of their on-the-job service. As a result, they frequently experience highly impactful Occupational Stress Injuries (OSI), which contribute to complex experiences of mental, health, social, and functional injuries. The individual experience of these injuries is mediated by domain of the causal stressor, including whether it stemmed from an operational factor (i.e., the unique operational demands of the position) or an organizational factor (i.e., systemic stressors associated with employment environment). Military Sexual Trauma (MST) and Military Sexual Misconduct (MSM) are two organizational stressors which involve systemically-normalized sexual violence and discrimination within military environments. MSM and MST unfairly target equity-deserving community members, such as woman-identifying personnel and 2SLGBTQIA+ personnel. By belonging to an equity-deserving community, these communities face an additive impact of distinctive personal factors (e.g., person-specific factors such as gender identity or sexual orientation), which predicate more complex experiences of OSI. In Chapter 2 (Study 1), we qualitatively outline how PSP personally describe their experience of OSI-related PTSD symptoms. In Chapter 3 (Study 2), we qualitatively examine the emotional, social, and functional outcomes of an organizational stressor, MSM, in an equity-deserving community of MP (i.e., woman-identifying military Veterans). Finally, in Chapter 4 (Study 3), we qualitatively assess the mental, social, and functional implications of MST in another equity-deserving population (i.e., the 2SLBTQIA+ military community) using a scoping review methodology. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / Public Safety Personnel (PSP) and Military Personnel (MP) experience greater exposure to potentially traumatic experiences as part of their occupational duties than do civilians. As a result, they are more likely to suffer negative mental, social, health, and functional outcomes, known as Occupational Stress Injuries (OSI). The individual expression of OSI is mediated both by the domain of the original stressor (i.e., organizational, or operational), and, by person-specific factors, such as belonging to an equity-deserving population of service. Through qualitative research methods, this thesis examines the mental, social, health and functional outcomes of OSI in military and Public Safety Personnel (i.e., MP and PSP, respectively), as well as how membership in equity-deserving communities impacts these outcomes.

Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskan på en akutmottagning arbetar under ständig tidspress med en bristande arbetsmiljö. Genom en ökad förståelse för sjuksköterskors upplevelser avseende arbetsrelaterad stress, kan medvetenheten öka kring problematiken och eventuellt leda till potentiella framtida lösningar.  Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudien var att undersöka samt belysa sjuksköterskors upplevelser av arbetsrelaterad stress på akutmottagningar. Metod: Denna litteraturstudie bestod av 10 vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ ansats. Databassökningen genomfördes i Pubmed och Cinahl. Resultat: Studiens resultat baserades på 10 vetenskapliga studier och delades in i två kategorier och fem subkategorier. Organisatorisk arbetsmiljö, belyste arbetsbördor samt resursbrister som råder på akutmottagningar. Sjuksköterskorna upplevde en bristande arbetsmiljö i form av överbelastning som bidrog till stress i arbetet. I den andra kategorin, konsekvenser av stress, belystes konsekvenser av arbetsrelaterad stress på akutmottagningar som visade sig ha en negativ påverkan på sjuksköterskornas psykiska hälsa, privatliv samt patientsäkerheten . Sjuksköterskorna upplevde att stress till följd av resursbrist medförde en ökad risk för vårdskador. Slutsats: Den upplevda arbetsrelaterade stressen hos sjuksköterskor på Akutmottagningar har en negativ påverkan på sjuksköterskors hälsa, bidrar till en bristande omvårdnad, samt hotad patientsäkerhet. Förbättring av arbetsmiljön är av ytterst vikt för att uppnå en säkrare och effektivare vård samt för att främja sjuksköterskors hälsa.

Recent literature regarding occupational stress in higher education has predominantly focused on students or student-facing activities such as teaching and advising, overlooking stress in research creation, research production, and research administration. Guided by the Job Demands-Resources model and Organizational Support theory, this dissertation used a mixed methods approach to address this gap through an examination of stressors and stress moderators among U.S. tenure-track faculty, tenured faculty, and university research administrators. Results from this dissertation study showed that members of the academic research workforce encounter a variety of occupational stressors that impact their job performance and overall well-being. Quantitative results revealed a link between perceived occupational support and perceived organizational support and that perceived stress was highest among early career faculty members. Qualitative results identified operational intensity, organizational complexity, negative workplace climates (such as bullying, racism, and sexism), and interpersonal factors as job demand stressors. Identified job resources that moderated stress included institutional support, social resources, talent management, and well-being resources. These findings suggest that institutions can enhance employee well-being and research creation, production, and administration through implementation of support systems that facilitate positive work climates.

No / Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the impact of organizational stressors on organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) and how perceived organizational support (POS) will moderate in the relationship between stressors and citizenship behavior. Design/methodology/approach – The sample for this research involves operators from call center organizations located around the national capital of India. A questionnaire survey was carried out involving 402 operator level employees from five different organizations. Findings – The results highlight a significant negative relationship between organizational stressors and OCB, a significant positive relationship between POS and OCB, and confirmation that POS moderates in the relationship between organizational stressors and OCB. Research limitations/implications – This research has been carried out in an emerging economy and in a sector which is seen as an attractive area of work. However, as this study is limited to the BPO sector in India, these results may not be generalized to other areas such as the public and manufacturing sectors and in other national contexts. Future research in this area should also consider using different data collection approaches to maximize participation and enrich findings. Practical implications – The analysis suggests that change management initiatives in organizations may not be implemented as effectively as they can under high stressor conditions because employee extra‐role work behavior and commitment may not be at full capacity. Originality/value – There is limited research examining the relationship between organizational stressors and OCB in the presence of POS, especially within high demand environments such as the Indian BPO sector.

Yes / The infrequency of sudden deaths means that professionals have limited exposure, making it difficult to gain experience and feel confident in their role. This meta-synthesis aims to synthesise qualitative research on the experience of professionals responding to cases of sudden or unexpected death. A systematic literature search was conducted using Academic Search Complete, CINHAL, Embase, psycINFO, PubMed and Web of Science, identifying ten papers for inclusion. Studies were appraised and synthesized using the principles of meta‐synthesis. Four superordinate themes were identified: perceptions of role, experience on scene, approaches to coping, and barriers to support. Findings suggest the way responders perceive their role and their experience on scene affect the approach taken to tasks and coping strategies used. The complexity of experience is often not acknowledged by responders or their colleagues. Experiences are compounded by cumulative factors which were expressed by different professional groups and across settings. Several barriers relating to workforce culture within organisations were identified, alongside the implications these have on staff wellbeing and the impact on bereaved families.