El presente proyecto sobre útiles escolares o artículos de oficina nos muestra la viabilidad de su ejecución, este proyecto está dirigido a padres de familia y personas que laboran en oficinas que viven, trabajan o radican en la zona 7 de Lima Metropolitana, nos estamos refiriendo a los distritos de San Borja, San Isidro, Miraflores, Surco y La Molina. Nos hemos enfocado en ese target, debido a que según nuestras investigaciones se les hace muy complicado la compra de útiles escolares a inicios de cada año escolar a los padres de familia, y por otro lado a las personas que laboran en oficina se les hace complicado comprar distintos artículos por su falta de tiempo, ambos coinciden en que es tedioso hacer estas comprar por el tiempo, la comodidad, los precios, entre otros. Es por eso que Utilibro ofrece útiles escolares o artículos de oficina a unos precios menores a los del mercado, adicionando un servicio de delivery para simplificar la vida de los consumidores. / This project about office and school supplies shows the viability of its execution. It is focused on both parents with children aged 6 to 17 and office men that live in the districts of San Borja, San Isidro, Miraflores, Santiago de Surco and La Molina from Metropolitan Lima. We targeted those segments because our investigation concluded that it is difficult for parents to acquire all the school supplies required at the beginning of the academic year and office men usually don’t have the time to invest in buying supplies for their workplace. Both segments coincide in the fact that it is tedious to get those supplies for a matter of time, confort, pricing, etc. That’s why Utilibro offers the solution by selling both school and office supplies at a lower cost and delivers the orders to the place designed by our customers. / Trabajo de investigación

Thesis (M. Law (Labour law)) --University of Limpopo, 2011 / Refer to document

En droit judiciaire privé, la distinction du fait et du droit est censée fonder la répartition des rôles entre les parties et le juge sur la matière litigieuse et la délimitation du contrôle de cassation. Au premier abord, cette distinction, historique et adoptée par de nombreux systèmes juridiques, semble évidente voire élémentaire. Du point de vue de la théorie du droit elle trace une frontière entre le fait, au sens d'évènement, et la norme selon un critère de normativité. Cependant, cette simplicité n'est qu'apparente car, en droit judiciaire privé, il n'existe pas une mais plusieurs distinctions. Afin de s'adapter à la réalité processuelle, en matière d'office du juge, elle devient la distinction des domaines du droit et du fait, le premier comprenant les activités juridiques, qui portent sur les règles de droit, et le second les activités factuelles ayant pour objet les éléments de faits. En matière de cassation, elle devient la distinction entre les questions de fait, qui portent sur l'appréciation des faits, et les questions de droit qui concernent l'application du droit. Pourtant, la multiplication des niveaux de distinction ne suffit pas à la rendre opérante : le juge joue un rôle dans le domaine factuel tandis que les parties ont des obligations dans celui du droit ; la Cour de cassation contrôle des questions de fait tandis qu'elle abandonne certaines questions de droit. Puisque la distinction est dépourvue de fondement normatif, il convient de s'en détacher pour revenir aux textes qui déterminent précisément le rôle de chacun dans le procès civil et réalisent un équilibre des rôles. Son caractère inopérant en matière de cassation incite à la remplacer par le véritable critère de compétence : la distinction de l'arrêt et de l'affaire qui fait apparaître le réel objet du contrôle : l'opération juridictionnelle. / In Private Judicial Law, the distinction between the fact and the law is supposed to found the distribution of the roles between the parties and the judge concerning the contentious matter and the delimitation of the cassation control. At first, this historical distinction, adopted by numerous legal systems seems obvious, and even elementary. In terms of the theory of law, it draws a border between the fact, meaning the event, and the norm according to a criterion of normativity. However, this simplicity is only apparent,as, in Private Judicial Law, there is no single distinction, but several differentiations. In order to adapt to the processual reality, as regards the judge's function, it becomes the distinction between sectors of the law and the fact, the first sector including the legal activities, which deal with the rules of law, the second sector refering to the factual activities aiming at the matters of facts. As far as cassation is concerned, it becomes the distinction between the question of fact which focus on the appreciation of the facts and the question of law which deal with the enforcement of the law.Yet the multiplication of the levels of distinction is not sufficient to make it operating : the judge plays a part in the factual field whereas the parties have some obligations in the fields of law ; the Court of Cassation controls questions of fact whereas it gives up certain questions of law. Since the distinction is devoid of normative basis, it is necessary to break away to come back to the texts which precisely determine the role of each party in the civil trial and achieve a balance of the roles. The inoperative nature of the distinction encourages to replace it with the real criterion of competence : the distinction between the judgement and the case which reveals the real object of the control : the jurisdictional operation.

Office space oversupply cost Australia billions of dollars during the 1990-92 recession. Australia, the United States, Japan, the U.K., South Africa, China, Thailand, and many other countries have suffered office oversupply cycles. Illiquid untenanted office buildings impair investors capital and cash flows, with adverse effects on macroeconomics, financial institutions, and individuals. This study aims to develop improved methods for medium term forecasting of office market adjustments to inform individual project development decisions and thereby to mitigate office oversupply cycles. Methods combine qualitative research, econometric estimation, system dynamics simulation, and institutional economics. This research operationalises a problem solving research paradigm concept advocated by Ken Lusht. The research is also indebted to the late James Graaskamp, who was successful in linking industry and academic research through time and space specific feasibility studies to inform individual property development decisions. Qualitative research and literature provided a list of contributing causes of office oversupply including random shocks, faulty forecasting methods, fee driven deals, prisoners dilemma game, system dynamics (lags and adjustment times), land use regulation, and capital market issues. Rather than choosing among these, they are all considered to be causal to varying degrees. Moreover, there is synergy between combinations of these market imperfections. Office markets are complex evolving human designed systems (not time invariant) so each cycle has unique historical features. Data on Australian office markets were used to estimate office rent adjustment equations. Simulation models in spreadsheet and system dynamics software then integrate additional information with the statistical results to produce demand, supply, and rent forecasts. Results include ++ / models for rent forecasting and models for analysis related to policy and system redesign. The dissertation ends with two chapters on institutional reforms whereby better information might find application to improve market efficiency.Keywords. Office rents, rent adjustment, office market modelling, forecasting, system dynamics.

This research is in response to the current debate on aid in Australia. The debate focuses on the volume of money allocated to aid rather than the impact. While Australian aid is still far from the UN commitment of 0.7 per cent of gross national income, this focus has kept public debate superficial and has deflected attention away from the more important discussion: is aid achieving outcomes and impacting positively in areas identified by developing countries as essential for their sustainable development. / The release of the first Annual Review of Development Effectiveness provided the impetus to investigate whether the newly formed Office of Development Effectiveness (ODE) will introduce changes that will improve Australia’s approach to aid. Framed within national interest, development and aid literature, this research analyses what limitations, if any, there are to reform of aid policies and practices in Australia. / The thesis concludes that the potential for the ODE to significantly improve the effectiveness of Australia aid is limited. It is one of many voices – including the powerful national interest agenda furthered by foreign policymakers – shaping Australian aid policy and practice. However, the furthering of Australian national interest – narrowly defined as security and economic considerations – through the aid program is at the expense of poverty alleviation objectives. This negatively affects how the development ‘problem’ is framed and thus the focus of aid policy. Furthermore, efforts to prioritise national interest considerations undermine the adoption of ‘good’ practice essential for sustainable development. / This is a political reality that is unlikely to change. Thus, the role of the ODE is to provide recommendations within this restricted framework. However, it is only through scrutiny, discussion and debate that the discrepancy between ‘good development’ in theory and in practice can be narrowed. This should also be the role of the ODE.

Thesis (D. Min.)--Trinity Lutheran Seminary, Columbus, Ohio, 1987. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 103-108).

<p>Det råder delade meningar om konsekvenserna av att arbeta i öppna</p><p>kontorslandskap. Kommunikation och en bra laganda anses vara ett</p><p>grundläggande element i framgångsrika organisationer. Då användandet av</p><p>öppna kontorslandskap ökat finns ett behov av forskning inom området.</p><p>Syftet är att utifrån ett arbetspsykologiskt perspektiv undersöka</p><p>medarbetarnas upplevelse av kontorslandskap med fokus på den verbala</p><p>kommunikationen och lagandan mellan medarbetarna, detta genom åtta</p><p>deltagare i Downs & Hazens (1977) Communication Satisfaction</p><p>Questionnaire samt semistrukturerade intervjuer. Respondenterna upplever</p><p>en öppen och positiv verbal kommunikation dock upplevs den även som ett</p><p>störningsmoment. Lagandan upplevs som stark och främjande av den</p><p>individuella och organisatoriska prestationen. Arbetssituationen skulle</p><p>förbättras om privata utrymmen upprättas samt regler och rutiner gällande</p><p>agerande i kontorslandskap införs.</p>

<p>In recent years, the development of wireless sensor networks has made a great progress. Early projects focused on replacement of existing systems equipped with wires. These systems started out as simple static data collection networks with one smart central node that could decide further actions based on the content of the collected data. Through time, the intelligence has become more decentralized, which means the nodes now can cooperate in a more efficient and dynamic manner. The task given is to evaluate TinyOS and NesC on specific hardware from Crossbow Technology Inc, applied on an application called the Open Secure Office Project. This application is designed to enhance the security without negative effects on comfort in a frequently visited open-plan office. Finally, a real world system demonstration should be performed. We propose a solution where there is no urgent need to cover the entire office area with radio signals to maintain a secure sensor system. This is true as long as all entries and exits to the office area are “guarded” by some base station which has as main task to keep track of people and equipment entering or leaving the office. Small scale tests have been performed which show that it is possible to easily develop and maintain a wireless sensor network security system, that could be coordinated by alternative systems.</p>

The main objectives of this research are (a) to investigate the thermal effect of double skin facades in office buildings in hot climates and (b) to propose guidelines for their efficient design based on this evaluation. The study involves the energy performance analysis of two buildings in India. A base case with the existing building skin was simulated for both the cities. The main source for the high cooling loads was found to be heat gain through windows and walls. This led to the evolution of a series of facade strategies with the goals of reducing heat gain, providing ventilation and day-lighting. The buildings were then simulated for their energy performance with the proposed double-skin strategies. Each of these strategies was varied according to the layers constituting the facade, the transparency of the facade and the orientation of the facade to which it is applied. Final comparisons of energy consumption were made between the proposed options and the base case to find the most efficient strategy and also the factors that affected this efficiency. The simulations were done using the building simulation software, Ener-Win. The double skin was simulated as per an approximate and simplistic calculation of the u-value, solar heat gain coefficient and transmissivity properties of the layers constituting the facade. The model relied on logically arrived at assumptions about the facade properties that were approximately within 10% range of measured values. Based on inferences drawn from these simulations, a set of design guidelines comprised of goals and parameters was generated for design of double-skin facades in hot climates typical to most of the Indian subcontinent. It was realized that the double-skin defined typically as a 'pair of glass skins separated by an air corridor' may not be an entirely energy efficient design strategy for hot climates. However, when used appropriately in combination with other materials, in the right orientation and with the right transparency, a double-layered facade turns out to be an energy efficient solution.

Wasser erweist sich immer mehr als eine der kostbarsten und zukünftig knappsten Ressourcen auf unserem Planeten. Effizienter Umgang mit dieser Ressource ist deshalb auch in Großbewässerungsgebieten weltweit zu einer obersten Priorität geworden. Dabei spielt verstärkte Mitbestimmung und Partizipation der lokalen Bevölkerung erwiesenerweise eine wichtige Rolle. In einer viermonatigen Feldstudie wurden im Bewässerungsgebiet Office du Niger, Mali, in zwei Dörfern die örtlichen „Bauernorganisationen zum Unterhalt des tertiären Bewässerungssystems“ evaluiert. Welchen Nutzen und welche Erfolge können sie vorweisen? Wo liegen Probleme in Umsetzung und Akzeptanz der lokalen Organisationsstrukturen? Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt umfassend die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen bäuerlicher Selbstorganisation zum nachhaltigen Kanalunterhalt in der Forschungsregion dar, ergründet die vorliegenden Problemfaktoren und zeigt Schritte zur Überwindung derselbigen auf.