This dissertation was designed to gain insight in the area of central office instructional leadership support from the perception of the high school principal. With increasing standards and high student performance expectations coupled with strict federal and state accountability measures, it is impossible for the high school principal to bear the sole responsibility of meeting the needs of their students, staff, and community without further support. Central office is a critical factor in school improvement. The primary aim of this study was to provide insight and a deep understanding how successful high school principals feel supported as the instructional leader specifically in the area of planning, coordinating, and evaluating teaching and the curriculum. The research was guided by a single overarching question: What are high school principal perceptions of support given to them by district central office administrators in the areas of planning, coordinating, and evaluating teaching and the curriculum? Qualitative research was selected for this study to allow for deep and thorough investigation of a small group of high school principals' beliefs regarding the central office administrator instructional leadership support. Interviews were conducted with six successful high school principals from three large school districts. The findings that emerged from the interviews were categorized into eight themes including: the school district focus; instructional leader toolbox; effective use of data; deployment of curriculum and instruction; quality professional development; collaboration; connections; and communication. A synthesis of participants' responses and prior research lead to three overall conclusions: setting high learning expectations; focusing on curriculum and instruction; and establishing district-campus partnerships. Campus principals need assistance in meeting the high standards and challenges they face today. District central office administrators can assist principals become the instructional leader all schools need. This study begins to fill the gap in the literature on how high school principals can be supported by district central office administrators in the areas of planning, coordinating, and evaluating of teaching and the curriculum.

Interaction is very important to all kind of education, including traditional face-to-face classroom lecture and e-Learning. Numerous attempts have been made by researchers to propose some asynchronous interaction methods. Only few studies have so far been made at synchronous ones. Synchronous Office Hour has recently brought to light by some researches. But so far the study of the know-how to conduct it effectively for teachers and students has never been examined. The aim of this paper is to explore the know-how. This research adopts Case Study to collect and analyze representative unique case from NSYSU Cyber University. The case is representative because of the sophisticated teacher, diverse interaction model and enthusiastic discussion. Data collection includes participant observation, deep open interviews, text records, video records, asynchronous board and electronic documents. Data analysis is based on three steps, including pick up key words from different data sources, reorganize the relation of key words and coding. We not only build initial Office Hour framework but also formula the environment setting, execution procedure and interaction model for conducting effective online Office Hour. The most important addition to be made is the value of Synchronous Office Hour to teachers and students.

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As the situation of politics and economy becomes more and more unstable in Taiwan, people have higher criticism and expectation to government efficiency. However, both of Taipei Household Registration Office and Department of Health Kaohsiung City Government have successfully implemented many innovations in organization and started the initial change in less than 3 years. Thus, this research tries to analyze why and how innovations could be diffused efficiently in these two government organizations and started the change. This research collects abundant data and information through studying documents and many deep interviews at first. Then, these data or information are made a static analysis by Everett M. Rogers¡¦ theory of Diffusion of Innovations and Innovation Process in Organizations, and a dynamic analysis by Casual Loop Diagrams of Systmes Thinking. All analyses include the comparison of these two cases. There are 15 findings as followed: 1. Creating can bring better performance than problem-solving. 2. Characteristics of innovations and inertia of organization will affect the speed of innovations diffusion and the acceptability of innovations. 3. Both of innovations and organization will be modified to fit each other. 4. The leader is the most influent point for diffusion of innovations in bureaucracy. 5. The leader sets an example with his/her own conduct and starts change from small things can be helpful to diffusion of innovations. 6. The leader persistence of innovations is helpful to diffusion of innovations. 7. How the leader diffuses innovations is a process of dynamic coordination. 8. The leader is a designer of loops. 9. Different cases have similar key successful loops and key successful factors because they have the same structure of bureaucracy. 10. Structure can help and block leaders to diffuse and implement innovations in bureaucracy. 11. The innovation process in organization should be observed in a larger structure or system. 12. Reports of Media can motivate employees effectively and facilitate the phenomenon of ¡§lock-in¡¨. 13. Examination and evolution have much efficiency in changing employees¡¦ behaviors in bureaucracy. However, what can change employees¡¦ attitude often are others¡¦ appreciation, work results or leader¡¦s moral integrity. 14. Reports of Media, education training and visits can break the closed system of bureaucracy. This is helpful for diffusion of innovations in organization. 15. No matter the focal point of innovations is on easy and small things whose results are obvious, or on fundamental, long-term and more difficult things such as system and value change, ¡Ketc, all can result in profound changes in organizations. Moreover, this research also finds whether ¡§democratization¡¨, ¡§media¡¨, and ¡§bureaucracy¡¨ will bring good or bad contribution, these three things aren¡¦t the point and the most important thing is how we use them. We should take the responsibility by ourselves.

This study posits that there may be a systematic bias in measuring the transit’s endogenous impact on land values in a built up area due to discrimination by location in the city. Studies of transit value-added effect report mixed results about the capitalization of station proximity. The question is not whether a transit station influences nearby land values, but how and where location determines the impacts. Examining 731 office rentals and land values in Seoul, this study finds that value premium over better accessibility to a station decays with increasing distance from the central business district (CBD) and significantly depends on the development density of the station area. Overall, station benefits seem to exist in Seoul, but they look more notable in centers with higher centrality. This makes a hierarchy of regression coefficients for station proximity by location, i.e. the beta in the CBD is the highest and those in the subcenters are next, while that in other areas is the lowest. Study findings imply that the potential of more compact and denser developments within station areas seems higher in a dense inner city, providing evidence for the concept of ‘compact city.’ Questions concerning model specification in the hedonic approach are raised: in research sampled heavily from the suburbs, the coefficient may be underestimated where this benefit actually exists. Also, due to the incongruence of station area with station value-added area, using a dummy variable seems intrinsically risky. This study shows that estimation with spatial models outperforms OLS estimation in the presence of spatial autocorrelation. Also, there is a strong spatial autocorrelation even in the SAR residuals where the omission of key variables still influences the estimation. Overall, spatial lag and error term variables greatly improve the fitness of regression equations; however, the latter seemed more useful than the former in this study. One thing to note is that the latter seems more sensitive to the choice of weight matrix than the lag variable. There may exist a unique weight scheme proper for the data structure which cannot be known in advance.

Industrial computer is a niche industry. In the past, because of the certain level entry barrier, it is not a hot industry to be discussed. Now, Taiwan has more than a decade in technology products manufacturing experience, which contributes the industrial computer industry cluster. It is predictable that in 5-10 years, the industry is profitable for the reason that the application of the products and technology is more popular in daily life. Furthermore, the computer technology industry has changed to be R&D and technology innovation oriented from purely manufacturing and OEM, ODM. It comes with the result that there are more and more Taiwan International Procurement Office set up to be the communication contact between customers and manufacturers. However, recently for the effect of the phenomenon of Taiwanese manufacturer moving the factory to low labor cost countries, the advantage is not longer staying. Taiwan industrial computer manufacturers also get a lot of OEM/ODM orders. Many international system companies set up an procurement office in Taiwan for better communication. But the case company is not like the previous. It is a German added value distributor, who imports Taiwan industry computer parts and bare bone to sell locally. The reason for her to set up an international procurement office is to speed up the incoming material. The case company type, business model and procurement office values are different from the normal procurement office. This is why the study would like to understand case company¡¦s and her procurement office international purchasing strategy and competitive advantage, and observe how the company keeps the competitive advantage not t be threaten by manufacturer moving out. From the company background, the study find out industrial computer and Taiwan Procurement Office environment and opportunities, then it moves on analyzing company internationalization and procurement office setting up motivation. After knowing the reasons, the study concludes the international purchasing strategy. Finally, by having diamond model and SWOT analysis, then there is the competitive advantage. The result of the study is that the case company uses National Procurement, Proactive Strategy or Offensive Sourcing Strategy as her International Procurement strategy. The strategy is high involvement on internationalization and it helps to build up or strengthens the competitive advantage. Besides, mother company support is required because International Procurement Strategy has positive and direct connection with operation strategy. The reason for the case company to set up a Taiwan procurement office is in order to strengthen her differentiation strategy. Because Taiwan has better labor condition, near to suppliers and efficient logistic from industrial computer cluster, all make the obvious cost advantages. The suggestions for the case company are listed below: to be a know-how turntable supply chain or to go differentiation by having multi-function value added service to keep the advantage.

Founded in 1896, the Chunghwa Post Corporation, provided the people with the post services, savings and insurance by government organizational structure. In 2003, the Chunghwa Post Corporation reorgained its structure to be a national enterprise, in order to comply with the global trend and government policy. The business model was changed from service-oriented people to be a business-oriented enterprise. After reorgained, the Chunghwa Post Corporation adjust its operation goals, not only to serve the people with good quality but also to gain the profits for keeping the company subtainable and development . All the revenue of the post comes from the operantion of branch offices, espercilly from the Taiper Post Office where located in Taipei metropolitan area. We shall to know what the problem for the operation of Taipei branch offices after corporation. In this study, there are many problems under the discussions through the ten managers work in the Taipei branch offices, we get many suggestions and hope it will be a helpful for the future companys decision and policy-making. We found that to evalue the focus of performance of branch offices is unfair¡F double recheck of audictors will effect the routine operation of branch office¡F be kind to managers and staffs that hard work in branch offices and establish the good information system to support and reduce the mistake of business operations.

The Corporate Real Estate Executive has many factors to consider when selecting and outfitting workspace for the company's employees, most of whom are knowledge workers. There are many factors to consider other than cost including the office space design, the LEED or other green building characteristics of the space,the business context in which the company operates, and how all these factors work together to impact productivity. A workplace and productivity assessment tool was completed for four different companies to assess eight different productivity elements and how they interact to impact productivity. Two companies occupied LEED certified facilities, one company occupied a green building, and the fourth company was in conventional office space.

<p>The consumer society exploits the earth’s resources more than the earth itself has capability to produce. This over-consumption causes a mass production of products, which mean that more greenhouse gases are being emitted to the atmosphere. This is one of the reasons why the earth’s temperature is rising, where the result of it is worldwide disasters. The paper consumption is part of the causes to climate change, but this is something we can prevent by just changing little things in our everyday lives. Our question is: What does it actually take for us to stop wasting paper as we do? Is it possible at all? We decided to study what the IT-center of Jonkoping county council need to do to reduce their office paper printing. A survey and interviews were made to get to know the employees way to work. Many are very positive towards electronic documents and do not mind a change, as we can see in the results. But many admitted that they have a way to work that is hard to break. With these studies and previous cases, we found a solution for the IT-center. The solutions are reported in an electronic brochure.</p>

<p>Recently many academic researchers have become interested in the retailers as part of the distribution channel. Today retailers have grown so influential, that sometimes they take the functions of the wholesalers. The retailers constitute the road for manufacturers to the end market. Therefore, knowing retailers’ decision variables and assortment considerations is important for manufacturers when designing upon their marketing strategies. The study is conducted with focus on the Bulgarian office products retail industry. The purpose of the present research is to get a deeper understanding of retailers’ assortment criteria and analyze how the latter relates to market coverage strategy. Retailers’ assortment criteria concern decision variables such as profitability and sales, economic conditions, assortment considerations, consumer evaluation, marketing, supplier characteristics, competitive considerations, distributive factors, tactical considerations. The meaning underlying the assortment criteria is applied for arguing what market coverage strategy would best serve the Bulgarian retailers of office products. The research is performed employing qualitative method, in particular, in-depth semi- structured interviews providing the possibility for a broad discussion.</p><p>The results of the study revealed some common patterns pertaining to four main inductive categories including product, brand positioning, promotion and distributor’s attributes. The patterns corresponding to the categories were further related to the market coverage strategy alternatives, namely, intensive, selective and exclusive coverage strategy. The results of the study showed that the nature of the product requires considerable effort from the distributors’ side to persuade the retailers to become customers who are aware of the products’ attributes. In other words, the nature of the office products calls for certain knowledge and skills that the retailers have to gain in order to be successful as traders to their own customers and that can be best achieved if selective coverage strategy is employed. Further, the results of the study reveal that manufacturers of office products that would like to position their brands on the high quality dimension should pursue highly selective distribution as this creates a superior product image. The results of the study also show that greater selectivity is suitable since it guarantees that the retailers’ requirements related to promotion are met. Last, the authors suggest that higher degrees of selectivity is the most appropriate way for a manufacturer to follow the performance of distributors and thus, to ensure that the desired by the retailers distributor’s attributes are present.</p>