Thesis (Ph.D.)--Baylor University, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 161-180)

Thesis (Dr. P.H.)--University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 114-125).

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:27:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4749729 bytes, checksum: 1ceda7796150aa405584f37f6b8a15ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This paper aims to reflect a comparative perspective in class processes of present female individualization in the experiences of older women belonging to middle segments and popular city of João Pessoa. Here I try to reveal old age as a period of building yourself. To do that, I make use of the approach on the transformations in the course of contemporary life, the values, representations and practices related to aging women. The central hypothesis of this paper is to present the experiences of aging women which are marked by processes of individualization, inexhaustible even with advancing age and showing that old age can be experienced as a phase of life in which it is building itself. I seek to understand, in this paper, as sociocultural and historical processes are updated in daily practices of the ladies and popular middle segments of our society, conceiving "ladies individualized." I start the assumptions that the individualization phenomenon constitutes a global trend in our society and that the possibility of joint relational and individualistic ideals is present both in the life experiences of individuals from middle segments, as the popular segments. In the case of research conducted for this thesis these individuals are respectively represented by elderly women living in the neighborhood of Bancários, and the community of Timbo in the city of João Pessoa. Because these joints are present in the daily lives of these women and how they present themselves in the course of their lives are questions that guided my thinking. I do not intend here to define how individualization process between older women and middle popular segments work, before long to discuss possibilities of processes of individualization and women from both of them reflect on the variations of the experiences of women aged above 60 as on their identities and representations of aging. The empirical data used in this thesis were qualitatively selected and come from direct observations, semi-structured interviews and stories of life trajectories, collected from 13 women aged between 60 and 70 years old. Seven of these women inhabit in Bancários, and the other in the community of Timbó. The characterization of these women, as belonging to the middle and popular segments, not only did so from the point of view of the place they occupy in the production structure. I analyze elements together as living space, conditions and styles of consumption, income and education, practices and habits of everyday life, trying to take into account concepts and tools to reflect both the objective aspects as those built to the level of culture. Were taken as the object of investigation the particular experiences of these women and sought to situate them in a spatial and temporal context, which includes not only their livelihoods but also the social interactions with other significant actors, capable of interfering in their social practices and daily experiences. / Este trabalho tem como objetivo refletir sob uma perspectiva comparativa de classe os processos femininos de individualização presentes nas vivências de mulheres idosas pertencentes aos segmentos médios e populares da cidade de João Pessoa. Aqui procuro revelar a velhice como um período de construção de si mesmo. Para tanto lanço mão da abordagem sobre as transformações no curso da vida contemporâneo, nos valores, nas representações e nas práticas relacionadas a velhice feminina. A hipótese central deste trabalho é que as vivências atuais da velhice feminina são marcadas por processos de individualização, inesgotáveis mesmo com o avanço da idade e reveladores de que a velhice pode ser experimentada como uma fase da vida em que cabe a construção de si mesmo. Busco compreender, neste trabalho, como processos históricos e socioculturais se atualizam nas práticas cotidianas de senhoras dos segmentos médios e populares de nossa sociedade, concebendo senhoras individualizadas . Parto dos pressupostos de que o fenômeno da individualização se constitui numa tendência global e que em nossa sociedade a possibilidade de articulações dos ideais individualistas e relacionais se faz presente tanto nas experiências de vida dos indivíduos dos segmentos médios, quanto dos segmentos populares. No caso da pesquisa desenvolvida para esta tese estes indivíduos são respectivamente representados pelas mulheres idosas residentes no bairro de Bancários, e na comunidade do Timbó. Como essas articulações se fazem presentes no cotidiano dessas mulheres e como elas se apresentam no curso de suas vidas são questões que nortearam minha reflexão. Não pretendo aqui definir como se dão os processos de individualização entre mulheres idosas dos segmentos médios e populares, antes almejo discutir possibilidades de processos femininos de individualização e a partir deles refletir tanto sobre as variações das vivências de mulheres com idade acima de 60 anos, quanto sobre suas identidades e representações sobre envelhecimento. Os elementos empíricos utilizados nesta tese foram qualitativamente selecionados e são provenientes de observações diretas, entrevistas semi estruturadas e relatos de trajetórias de vida, coletados junto a 13 mulheres com idade entre 60 e 70 anos. Sete destas mulheres residem em Bancários, e as demais na comunidade do Timbó. A caracterização dessas mulheres, como pertencentes aos segmentos médios e populares, não se deu tão somente sob o ponto de vista do lugar em que elas ocupam na estrutura produtiva. Analiso conjuntamente elementos como: espaço de moradia, condições e estilos de consumo, rendimento e escolaridade, práticas e hábitos do cotidiano, na tentativa de levar em consideração concepções e instrumentos capazes de refletir tanto os aspectos objetivos quanto aqueles construídos ao nível da cultura. Foram tomadas como objeto de investigação as experiências particulares dessas mulheres e procurou-se situá-las em um contexto espacial e temporal, que inclui não apenas as suas condições de vida, mas também as interações sociais com outros atores significativos, capazes de interferir em suas práticas sociais e vivências cotidianas.

This study examined if domestic violence shelters in Texas are responding to the needs of older female victims of intimate partner violence. Data for this study was collected through online questionnaire surveys of 45% of Texas domestic violence shelters. Findings of this study indicated that less than 10% of Texas shelters are providing specialized programming for older victims of IPV. In Texas, the demographic growth of older adults has remained comparable to increased national trends. The state of Texas will face several policy implications and social issues related to an older population that is rapidly growing. This includes, the importance of addressing certain members of an aging population who continue to fall victim to domestic violence. Furthermore, an unchanged resource of safety for victims of IPV is domestic violence shelters. Therefore, this study challenges current domestic violence shelter policies to address this issue of a rapidly growing segment of the Texas population. This study found less than 10% of shelters in Texas, who participated in this study, were providing specialized programming and outreach for older victims. Important practical implications for domestic violence shelter programming in Texas is provided.

No description available.

Urininkontinens är ett folkhälsoproblem och förekomsten ökar med stigande ålder. Tidigare forskning visar att äldre kvinnor upplever urininkontinens som skamligt samt ser tillståndet som en oundviklig del av naturligt åldrande. Urininkontinens upplevs besvärande att prata om vilket medför att få äldre kvinnor söker vård. Distriktssköterskan har med sin kompetens om urininkontinens samt vårdande samtal möjlighet att möta den äldre kvinnans livsvärld. Syftet var att belysa äldre kvinnors erfarenheter av att leva med urininkontinens. En systematisk litteraturöversikt med induktiv ansats genomfördes och tio kvalitativa artiklar analyserades enligt Popeone, Langius-Eklöf, Stenwall och Jervaeus (2021) analysmetod. Analysen resulterade i en huvudkategori och fyra kategorier med två till tre underkategorier. Huvudkategorin var stigmatiseringen kring urininkontinens tycks påverka äldre kvinnors livsvärld och kategorierna följande: samspel av känslor kring urininkontinens, betydelsen av påverkan på det dagliga livet, betydelsen av hälso- och sjukvårdens agerande samt strategier för att hantera urininkontinens. Ur resultatet framkom det att urininkontinens är stigmatiserat och påverkar den äldre kvinnans livsvärld, främst genom en förändrad självbild och isolering. Resultatet visar vidare att vården både kan ge stöd och orsaka lidande beroende på bemötande. Sammanfattningsvis kan det konstateras att genom ett vårdande samtal med livsvärlden i fokus kan distriktssköterskan möta den äldre kvinnan ur ett holistiskt perspektiv, vilket kan leda till att värdighet och autonomi bevaras samtidigt som stöd erbjuds. Översikten kan vara av värde för fortsatt reflektion hos distriktssköterskor som möter äldre kvinnor med urininkontinens. / : Urinary incontinence is a public health problem, and the incidence increases with age. Previous research shows that older women experience urinary incontinence as shameful and see the condition as an inevitable part of natural aging. The condition is therefore perceived as troublesome to talk about, which means that few older women seek care. With the expertise in urinary incontinence and caring communication, the district nurse can meet the older women’s lifeworld. The aim was to shed light on older women's experiences of living with urinary incontinence. A systematic literature review with an inductive approach was carried out and ten qualitative articles were analyzed according to Popeone, Langius-Eklöf, Stenwall and Jervaeus (2021) analysis method. The analysis resulted in one main category and four categories with two to three subcategories. The main category was the stigma surrounding urinary incontinence seems to affect the life world of older women and the categories were as follows: interplay of feelings around urinary incontinence, the importance of the impact on daily life, the importance of the healthcare system's actions and strategies for managing urinary incontinence. The results showed that urinary incontinence is stigmatized and affects the older woman's lifeworld, mainly through a changed self-image and isolation. Healthcare can both provide support and cause suffering depending on the treatment. In summary, it can be stated that through a caring conversation with the life world in focus, the district nurse can meet the older woman from a holistic perspective, which can lead to dignity and autonomy being preserved while offering support. The results may be of value for continued reflection by district nurses who meet older women with urinary incontinence.

Bakgrund: Urininkontinens är ett vanligt förekommande besvär hos kvinnor i världen. Äldre kvinnor är den grupp som främst drabbas och orsakerna till detta kan variera. Tidigare forskning visar att leva med urininkontinens påverkar livskvalitén negativt och är förknippat med en känsla av skam. Distriktssköterskor inom primärvården har som uppgift att ge vård till äldre kvinnor med urininkontinens. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa distriktssköterskans upplevelser av att möta äldre kvinnliga patienter med urininkontinens i primärvården. Metod: En kvalitativ intervjustudie genomfördes och informanterna bestod av åtta distriktssköterskor. Analysen av intervjuerna gjordes utifrån en kvalitativ innehållsanalys enligt Graneheim och Lundman. Resultat: De tre huvudkategorierna som framkom var: I mötet med den äldre kvinnan, distriktssköterskans utmaningar i mötet och organisationens utformning. I mötet med den äldre kvinnan beskrivs subkategorierna att känna sig tillräcklig och att kunna ge stöd. I distriktssköterskans utmaningar i mötet beskrivs synen på urininkontinens, hur svårt det kan vara att prata om ämnet och en känsla av att inte räcka till. Organisationens utformning handlar om bristen av tillgång på distriktssköterska med inkontinensansvar, att urininkontinens inte prioriteras inom primärvården samt önskan om mer kunskap inom området.  Slutsats: Distriktssköterskan upplever att det är viktigt att ge stöd till den äldre kvinnan med urininkontinens. Enligt distriktssköterskorna saknar de kunskap inom ämnet. Att arbeta med urininkontinens kan vara utmanande men det finns också möjligheter att kunna hjälpa kvinnan och ge stöd. / Background: Urinary incontinence is a common issue among women worldwide. Older women are most commonly affected, and the causes are varied. Previous research shows that living with urinary incontinence has a negative impact on quality of life as well as being associated with feelings of shame. District nurses working in primary health care are tasked with providing care to older women with urinary incontinence.  Aim: The aim of the study was to shed light upon the experiences of district nurses when encountering older women with urinary incontinence within primary health care. Method: A qualitative interview study was conducted, with eight district nurses serving as informants. The interviews were analyzed using a qualitative content analysis following the method of Graneheim and Lundman.  Results: Three main themes were identified: The encounter with the older woman, the district nurse's challenges during the encounter and the structure of the organization. In the encounter with the older woman, the subcategories feeling adequate and being able to provide support are described. In the district nurse's challenges during the encounter, the perception of urinary incontinence, the difficulty of approaching the subject as well as a feeling of inadequacy are described. The structure of the organization adress the lack of access to continence nurses, urinary incontinence not being prioritized as an issue within primary health care and a desire to gain more knowledge in the field. Conclusion: District nurses feel that providing support to older women with urinary incontinence is essential. According to the district nurses, they lack knowledge on the subject. Working with urinary incontinence can be challenging, but also provides opportunities to assist and provide support to the women affected by it.

This bachelor thesis explores the representation of older women ́s vulnerability and support needs in policy documents from Swedish municipalities concerning intimate partner violence. The background of this study is that there is a reason to believe in a difference concerning policy documents from Swedish municipalities regarding the work against intimate partner violence. The aim of this study is to examine the representation of older women in Swedish policy documents of intimate partner violence and how the representation is presented. To address the research question the study utilizes a qualitative text analysis method, the study employs the analytical tool along “Discrimination with words” which examines four different forms of linguistic discrimination which are “exclusion”, “belittlement”, “objectifying” and “negative differential treatment”, as well as “invisibility” that is also a form of discrimination. The study aimed to include all 290 Swedish municipality policy documents, however we were able to gain access to 144 policy documents. The findings reveal an underrepresentation of older women in the documents. Out of the 144 policy documents from municipalities, 64 mentioned older women. Moreover, the mentions often lacked depth and failed to adequately describe older women ́s unique challenges and needs. Out of the documents that mentioned older women, many did so in a generalized manner, lacking specific strategies to address their situations. The lack of detailed representation suggests that intimate partner violence against older women is not sufficiently acknowledged or addressed in the municipal policy documents. This study emphasizes the necessity for Swedish municipalities to expand their representation of older women experiencing intimate partner violence. Such improvements are necessary to ensure that older women receive adequate support that reflects a commitment to include intersectionality and ageism in Swedish policy documents. Lastly the findings underscore the importance of using inclusive language when forming policy documents.

À ce jour, peu d’intérêt a été porté à l’exploration des expériences et réalités spécifiques au sous-groupe et sous-culture des femmes âgées vivant seules dans la pauvreté. Dans ce contexte, le but de cette étude était d’explorer et d’analyser l’expérience de vieillir au quotidien de femmes âgées montréalaises vivant seules à domicile dans un contexte de précarité économique. La théorie de l’universalité et de la diversité du soin de Madeleine Leininger a été l'assise théorique de cette étude et une approche qualitative avec devis de type mini-ethnographie a été retenue pour répondre au but de l’étude. Sept femmes âgées de 65 ans et plus, vivant seules à domicile dans un contexte de précarité économique, ont été recrutées pour participer à l’étude. Une approche «boule de neige» a été sélectionnée pour effectuer le recrutement des participantes qui s’est réalisé avec l’aide de deux ressources communautaires de Montréal. La collecte de données a été effectuée auprès de ces femmes par l’entremise d’entrevues individuelles semi-dirigées, d’un court questionnaire sociodémographique ainsi que par la tenue d'un journal de terrain. L’analyse qualitative de contenu s’est basée sur les quatre étapes du guide d'analyse des données de Leininger, soit : l'analyse des données brutes, le regroupement de celles-ci en patterns récurrents, l’émergence des sous-thèmes et thèmes ainsi que la formulation des résultats de recherche sous forme d’énoncés théoriques ou de recommandations. Les résultats de cette étude renseignent sur l’expérience de vieillir au quotidien de ces femmes par rapport à six facteurs culturels de leur structure sociale soit l’environnement, les valeurs culturelles, le mode de vie, les relations humaines, le facteur économique et l’ethnohistoire de même que par rapport à leur expérience de santé/maladie et vieillissement et à leur relation avec le système de soins. Les résultats en lien avec les facteurs culturels permettent de conclure que cette expérience de vieillir s’ancre principalement dans l’environnement intime du domicile de ces femmes, se concrétise en des sentiments de liberté, d’indépendance et de contrôle, s’enrichit dans le don de soi, se délimite à l’intérieur d’un réseau social appauvri et s’épanouit dans une vision positive de la vie et le refus d’un statut de pauvreté et de dépendance. Quant aux résultats relatifs aux dimensions de l’expérience humaine et du système de soins, ils révèlent que l’expérience de vieillir de ces femmes s’inscrit dans une volonté de préserver la fonctionnalité de leur corps, de conserver leur autonomie et de se positionner comme l’experte sur leur santé dans leur rapport avec les soins professionnels reçus. Les résultats révèlent aussi des indices de leur autodétermination, de leur résilience, de leur pouvoir d’agir et du sens qu’elles donnent à la vie dans les différents aspects de leur expérience de vieillir. Finalement, les résultats de la présente étude soutiennent des recommandations cliniques promouvant des approches de soins infirmiers culturellement cohérentes et empreintes d’empowerment auprès de ces femmes. / Little attention has been given to the investigation of experiences and specific realities of the sub-group and sub-culture of aging women living in poverty. In this context, the objective of this research was to explore and analyze the daily experiences of women growing old and living alone at home in poverty. To reach this objective, the theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality of Madeleine Leininger was used as the theoretical foundation while a qualitative approach and an ethnonursing method were retained. The sample was collected by a “snowball” strategy in two community groups located on the Montreal territory. A total of seven women aged 65 years and over, living alone at home in poverty were recruited. Individual semi-directed interviews were conducted with each woman completed by a short socio-demographic questionnaire and field notes. The qualitative content analysis was structured according to the four steps of the data analysis guide proposed by Leininger. These steps are: (1) the raw data analysis, (2) the grouping of these in re-occurring patterns, (3) the emergence of subthemes and themes and (4) the formulation of the study results in the form of theoretical expressions or recommendations. Results from this research explains the daily aging experience of women according to six cultural factors of their social structure, namely: (1) environment, (2) cultural values, (3) lifestyle, (4) human relations, (5) economic factor and (6) ethnohistory; as well as in relation to their health/illness and aging experience, and their relation with the healthcare system. Results related to the cultural factors underline that the aging experience: (1) is settled mainly in the intimate home environment of these women, (2) provides a sense of liberty, control and independence, (3) is enriched by giving to others, (4) is bounded inside a small and weak social network and (5) blossomed through a positive vision of life and the refusal to be considered as poor and dependent. Results related to the human experience and healthcare system dimensions, reveal that the aging experience is embedded in a desire to maintain the body functionalities, to stay independent and to act as experts of its own health in relation with professional care received. The daily experience of growing old for these women relies on their autodetermination, their resilience and on the meaning they give to life. These results support clinical recommendations promoting nursing care that is based on an empowerment approach which is culturally coherent with the culture of these women.

<p>The aim was to describe and explore the food-related work and eating habits of older community-dwelling women, with Parkinson’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis or stroke or without these diseases. The major focus is on health perceptions, eating habits and meal support. A theoretical framework based on cultural and health theories was adopted. A total of 91 women between 64 and 88 years were visited in their homes, a food survey was performed consisting of a 24h recall and an estimated three-day food diary was introduced. Seventy-two of the women also took part in qualitative interviews with an ethnographic approach. Approximately one week later, another 24h recall was carried out at a second visit, or for the non-disabled women by telephone. The analyses revealed that many women were influenced by the prevailing health message and tried to eat a healthy diet. It was also important to them to enjoy their preferred foods, but this gave some women a bad conscience, while others perceived their usual foods as wholesome to eat. Health promotion for older women needs to incorporate the women’s own cultural context, their perceptions of food-related health, and their wish to adhere to their usual habits. Women with disease, frailty and who had become alone reported simplified food-related work and poor eating habits. However, management of these duties was highly valued, and women strove to cook by themselves as long as possible when disability became a threat. This resulted in a trend towards less nourishing cooked meals for women with disabilities. Thus, many women with these diseases living at home need support with their meals. This has to be planned in collaboration with the woman and build on her cultural values. The help must be performed with respect for the woman’s sense of order, be given sufficient time, and acknowledge her self-determination.</p>