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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Optimización de la extracción acuosa y secado del biopolímero de nopal (Opuntia ficus-indica) / Optimization of the aqueous extraction and drying process of the nopal biopolymer (Opuntia ficus-indica)

García Nauto, Nidia January 2017 (has links)
Tesis presentada como parte de los requisitos para optar al Grado de Magíster en Ciencias Agropecuarias / El mucílago de nopal es un hidrato de carbono complejo, con una gran capacidad para absorber agua, producido por plantas de la familia de las Cactaceae entre ellas la tuna (Opuntia ficus-indica). Algunos investigadores mencionan su potencial industrial, ya que podría emplearse como hidrocoloide en la industria de alimentos (Medina-Torres et al., 2000 y Sáenz et al., 2004). Además, se podría utilizar como agente encapsulante, agente gelificante, modificador de textura y viscosidad y estabilizador de espumas entre otros. Por otro lado, el mucílago al ser extraído de un vegetal, tiene una ventaja sobre los de origen animal, debido a su imagen positiva ante los consumidores (Ibañez y Ferrero, 2003).
42

Nutritional and Medicinal Use of Cactus Pear (Opuntia Spp.) Cladodes and Fruits

Feugang, Jean, Konarski, Patricia, Zou, Daming, Stintzing, Florian Conrad, Zou, Changping 06 June 2006 (has links)
Natural products and health foods have recently received a lot of attention both by health professionals and the common population for improving overall well-being, as well as in the prevention of diseases including cancer. In this line, all types of fruits and vegetables have been reevaluated and recognized as valuable sources of nutraceuticals. The great number of potentially active nutrients and their multifunctional properties make cactus pear (Opuntia spp.) fruits and cladodes perfect candidates for the production of health-promoting food and food supplements. Although traditionally appreciated for its pharmacological properties by the Native Americans, cactus pear is still hardly recognized because of insufficient scientific information. However, recent studies on Opuntia spp. have demonstrated cactus pear fruit and vegetative cladodes to be excellent candidates for the development of healthy food. Therefore, this review summarizes current knowledge on the chemical composition of Opuntia cacti with particular emphasis in its use as food and medicine.
43

Ecofisiologia, nutriÃÃo e anÃlise econÃmica da palma forrageira sob diferentes manejos no semiÃrido brasileiro / Ecophysiology, nutrition and economic analysis of cactus pear under different managements in the brazilian semiarid

Marcos Neves Lopes 30 March 2016 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Objetivou-se avaliar as relaÃÃes hÃdricas, fluorescÃncia da clorofila âaâ, estado nutricional, acÃmulo e exportaÃÃo de nutrientes, eficiÃncia nutricional, caracterÃsticas morfofisiolÃgicas e viabilidade econÃmica da palma forrageira cv. Gigante, adubada com combinaÃÃes de nitrogÃnio (N) e fÃsforo (P) nas frequÃncias de colheita anual e bianual. A pesquisa foi realizada nas regiÃes semiÃridas de Quixadà e TejuÃuoca, no estado do CearÃ, Brasil. Estudaram-se nove combinaÃÃes de N e P a partir de cinco doses de N (10; 70; 100; 130 e 190 kg ha-1 ano-1) e cinco doses de P2O5 (10; 70; 100; 130 e 190 kg ha-1 ano-1) num delineamento em blocos casualizados, em arranjo de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetiÃÃes (parcelas). As doses combinadas de N e P influenciaram as variÃveis da fluorescÃncia da clorofila âaâ, destacando-se as eficiÃncias quÃntica potencial e efetiva do FSII e taxa de transporte de elÃtrons nas diferentes ordens de cladÃdios, avaliadas nos perÃodos seco e chuvoso, para as regiÃes de Quixadà e TejuÃuoca. Em QuixadÃ, para biomassa de forragem total (BFT), na colheita anual, registrou-se mÃximo valor (3522,9 kg ha-1 ano-1) na combinaÃÃo N/P2O5 de 134,6/190,0 kg ha-1 ano-1. Para BFT na colheita bianual, constatou-se valor mÃximo de 1583,2 kg ha-1 ano-1 na combinaÃÃo N/P2O5 de 114,6/136,8 kg ha-1 ano-1. Para eficiÃncia de uso da chuva (EUC) na colheita anual, observou-se mÃximo valor (4,1 kg ha-1 mm-1) na combinaÃÃo N/P2O5 de 126,6/190,0 kg ha-1 ano-1. Para EUC na colheita bianual, constatou-se valor mÃximo de 4,1 kg ha-1 mm-1 na combinaÃÃo N/P2O5 de 114,6/136,8 kg ha-1 ano-1. Em TejuÃuoca, para BFT na colheita anual, constatou-se valor mÃximo de 9783,0 kg ha-1 ano-1 na combinaÃÃo N/P2O5 de 137,7/190,0 kg ha-1 ano-1. Para BFT na colheita bianual, verificou-se maior valor (12124,0 kg ha-1 ano-1) na combinaÃÃo N/P2O5 de 190,0/56,8 kg ha-1 ano-1. Para EUC na colheita anual, constatou-se mÃximo valor (14,9 kg ha-1 mm-1) na combinaÃÃo N/P2O5 de 139,7/190,0 kg ha-1 ano-1. Para EUC na colheita bianual, registrou-se valor mÃximo de 19,9 kg ha-1 mm-1 na combinaÃÃo N/P2O5 de 190,0/130,0 kg ha-1 ano-1. De modo geral, nas duas regiÃes, os teores estimados de macro e micronutrientes nas doses para mÃxima produÃÃo e para 90% da mÃxima situaram-se dentro da faixa adequada, definida pelo Ãndice balanceado de Kenworthy. Em QuixadÃ, com colheita anual, constatou-se a seguinte ordem de acÃmulo de macronutrientes: K > Ca > N > Mg > S >P. Para os micronutrientes, verificou-se Mn > Fe > B > Zn. Com colheita bianual, para os macronutrientes, observou-se Ca > K > S > N > Mg > P. Para os micronutrientes, verificou-se Mn > Fe > B > Zn. Em TejuÃuoca, com colheita anual, para os macronutrientes, constatou-se a seguinte ordem: K > Ca > N > Mg > S > P. Para os micronutrientes, observou-se Mn > Fe > B > Zn. Com colheita bianual, para os macronutrientes, verificou-se K > N > S > Ca > Mg >P. Para os micronutrientes, constatou-se Mn > Fe > B > Zn. As combinaÃÃes de N e P influenciaram os Ãndices de eficiÃncia nutricional nas regiÃes de Quixadà e TejuÃuoca, nas duas frequÃncias de colheita. Em QuixadÃ, a colheita bianual à a mais recomendada no mÃdio/longo prazo, adotando-se combinaÃÃo N/P2O5 de 114,6/136,8 kg ha-1 ano-1. Em TejuÃuoca, a combinaÃÃo N/P2O5 de 190,0/56,8 kg ha-1 ano-1 sob colheita bianual maximiza a produÃÃo de biomassa de forragem total. Em QuixadÃ, a maior viabilidade à alcanÃada nas seguintes situaÃÃes: (I) adotando-se colheita anual, com venda como muda e combinaÃÃo N/P2O5/PreÃo de 173,4/190/0,25 e (II) colheita bianual, com venda como muda e combinaÃÃo N/P2O5/PreÃo de 184,9/190/0,25. Em TejuÃuoca, o sistema apresenta maior viabilidade nas seguintes situaÃÃes: (I) adotando-se colheita anual, com venda como muda e biomassa fresca e combinaÃÃo N/P2O5/PreÃo de 190/190/0,25; (II) colheita bianual, com venda como biomassa fresca e combinaÃÃo N/P2O5/PreÃo de 190/136,5/0,10 e (III) colheita bianual, com venda como muda e combinaÃÃo N/P2O5/PreÃo de 156,5/190/0,25. / This study evaluated the water balance, chlorophyll-a fluorescence, nutritional status, accumulation and exportation of nutrients, nutritional efficiency, morphophysiological characteristics and economic viability of cactus pear cv. Gigante, fertilized with combinations of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) at frequencies of annual and biannual harvests. The research was conducted in semiarid regions of Quixadà and TejuÃuoca, state of CearÃ, Brazil, on nine combinations of N and P: five N levels (10; 70; 100; 130 and 190 kg ha-1 year-1) and five P2O5 levels (10; 70; 100; 130 and 190 kg ha-1 year-1), in a split-plot randomized block design with four replications (plots). The combined levels of nitrogen and phosphorus influenced the chlorophyll-a fluorescence, highlighting the PSII potential and effective quantum efficiencies and electron transport rate at different cladode orders, evaluated in dry and rainy periods, for the regions of Quixadà and TejuÃuoca. In QuixadÃ, for total forage biomass (TFB), in the annual harvest, we observed the maximum value (3522.9 kg ha-1 year-1) in the combination N/P2O5 of 134.6/190.0 kg ha-1 year-1. For TFB, in the biannual harvest, we observed the maximum value of 1583.2 kg ha-1 year-1 for the N/P2O5 combination of 114.6/136.8 kg ha-1 year-1. For rainfall use efficiency (RUE), in the annual harvest, we observed the maximum value (4.1 kg ha-1 mm-1) for N/P2O5 combination at 126.6/190.0 kg ha-1 year-1. For RUE, in the biannual harvest, we observed a maximum value of 4.1 kg ha-1 mm-1 for N/P2O5 combination of 114.6/136.8 kg ha-1 year-1. In TejuÃuoca, for TFB, in the annual harvest, the maximum value of 9783.0 kg ha-1 year-1 was verified for the N/P2O5 combination of 137.7/190.0 kg ha-1 year-1. For TFB, in the biannual harvest, we observed a higher value (12124.0 kg ha-1 year-1) for N/P2O5 combination at 190.0/56.8 kg ha-1 year-1. For RUE, in the annual harvest, we observed the maximum value (14.9 kg ha-1 mm-1) for N/P2O5 combination at 139.7/190.0 kg ha-1 year-1. For RUE, in the biannual harvest, we observed the maximum value of 19.9 kg ha-1 mm-1 for the N/P2O5 combination at 190.0/130.0 kg ha-1 year-1. In general, in both regions, the estimated contents of macro- and micronutrients at the levels for maximum production and 90% of the maximum are situated within the appropriate range, defined by balanced index of Kenworthy. In QuixadÃ, with annual harvest, we observed the following accumulation order of macronutrients: K > Ca > N > Mg > S > P. For micronutrients, the order was Mn > Fe > B > Zn. With the biannual harvest, for macronutrients, we registered Ca > K > S > N > Mg > P. For micronutrients, was verified Mn > Fe > B > Zn. In TejuÃuoca with annual harvest, for macronutrients, the order was K > Ca > N > Mg > S > P. For micronutrients, we found Mn > Fe > B > Zn. With the biannual harvest, for macronutrients, we verified K > N > S > Ca > Mg > P. For micronutrients, we observed Mn > Fe > B > Zn. The combinations of N and P influenced the nutritional efficiency indices in Quixadà and TejuÃuoca, in both frequencies of harvest. In QuixadÃ, the biannual harvest is the most recommended in the medium/long term, using the N/P2O5 combination of 114.6/136.8 kg ha-1 year-1. In TejuÃuoca, the N/P2O5 combination of 190.0/56.8 kg ha-1 year-1, under biannual harvest, maximizes the total forage biomass production. In QuixadÃ, the highest viability is achieved in the following conditions: annual harvest, with sale as seedling and N/P2O5 combination/Price of 173.4/190/0.25 and biannual harvest, with sale as seedling and N/P2O5 combination/Price of 184.9/190/0.25. In TejuÃuoca, the system has higher viability under the following situations: (I) annual harvest, with sale as seedling and fresh biomass and N/P2O5 combination/Price of 190/190/0.25; (II) biannual harvest, with sale as fresh biomass and N/P2O5 combination/Price of 190/136.5/0.10 and (III) biannual harvest, with sale as seedling and N/P2O5 combination/Price of 156.5/190/0.25.
44

Avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana, antioxidante e toxicidade aguda da mucilagem de palma forrageira (Opuntia ficus indica)

SILVA, Camila dos Santos 28 August 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-07-17T15:53:20Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertacao CamilaFinal final 2.pdf: 2477705 bytes, checksum: 3ff6c5608f3fea0d1609c7eba5605437 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-17T15:53:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertacao CamilaFinal final 2.pdf: 2477705 bytes, checksum: 3ff6c5608f3fea0d1609c7eba5605437 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-28 / CNPQ / Nas últimas décadas tem-se verificado avanços significativos envolvendo estudos fitoquímicos e farmacológicos de plantas medicinais visando obter novos compostos com propriedades terapêuticas. A palma forrageira, Opuntia fícus indica (Cactaceae), é rica em hidratos de carbono complexos (fibras solúveis, mucilagens, celulose) polifenois (em particular flavanóides, como quercetina e kaempferol), carotenoides, vitaminas C e E entre outros, fazendo com que esta planta apresente várias propriedades terapêuticas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo detectar compostos fenólicos, avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana e antioxidante, como também a toxicidade aguda em ratos Wistar da mucilagem de cladódios de Opuntia fícus indica. A princípio foi realizada dosagem de compostos fenólicos (polifenóis e flavonoides). A atividade antimicrobiana foi realizada pelo método de microdiluição em placa de 96 poços para determinar a CMI (concentração mínima inibitória) e CMB/CMF (concentração mínima bactericida ou fungicida), os seguintes micro-organismos foram utilizados: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC6538); Micrococcus luteus (ATCC2225); Bacillus subtilis (UFPEDA-16); Pseudomonas aeruginosa (UFPEDA-39); Mycobacterium smegmatis (UFPEDA-71); Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC6057); Escherichia coli (ATCC25922); Serratia sp (UFPEDA-398); Candida albicans (UFPEDA-1007); Staphylococcus aureus (CI, 731UFPEDA, Secreção de ferida-HC, ORSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CI, 736-UFPEDA, Secreção de ferida -HC), Enterobacter aerogenes (CI, 739-UFPEDA, Secreção de ferida HC), o extrato foi testado com concentrações entre 2000 a 3,9 μg/ml. A atividade antioxidante foi detectada pelo método ABTS, DPPH e capacidade antioxidante total. A toxicidade letal foi estimada usando Artemia salina e para a determinação da toxicidade aguda (in vivo) foram utilizados ratos Wistar, machos, que receberam por via oral a dose única de 2000 mg/kg da mucilagem de palma forrageira e foram avaliados por um período de 14 dias. Os resultados demonstraram que o conteúdo de polifenóis foi de 64,9 ± 0,6 μg/ml e flavonoides 31,8 ± 0,4 μg/ml. Resultados significativos foram encontrados para a atividade antioxidante: a percentagem de inibição ABTS foi 98,40 ± 0,40% após 120 min, equivalentes ao TEAC de 2.173,30 ± 8,80 μM Trolox, percentagem de inibição da formação de radicais DPPH foi 64,03 ± 7,8% e capacidade antioxidante total foi 48,42 ± 0,3% equivalente ao ácido ascórbico e 67,2 ± 0,4% equivalente ao ácido gálico. A mucilagem de palma forrageira mostrou atividade antimicrobiana contra: Micrococcus luteus (CMI= 1000 μg/ml e CMB= 2000 μg/ml), Mycobacterium smegmatis (CMI= 500 μg/ml e CMB= 2000μg/ml); Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Pseudomonas aeruginosa – IC ambas exibiram CMI de 2000 μg/ml e não apresentaram CMB. A mucilagem também foi ativa contra Candida albicans (CMI= 1000 μg/ml e CMF= 2000μg/ml). A toxicidade letal (CL50) para Artemia salina foi 584,11 μg/ml. No teste de toxicidade aguda in vivo não mostrou sinais de intoxicação e nem alterações fisiológicas, com DL50 (dose letal mediana) estimada maior que 2000 mg/kg (classe GHS 5 da OECD). A partir dos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que a planta estudada é uma potencial fonte de compostos bioativos, sendo promissores em estudos visando à obtenção de novos agentes antimicrobianos e antioxidantes naturais com baixa toxicidade. / In recent decades there has been significant progress involving pharmacological and phytochemical studies of medicinal plants in order to obtain new compounds with therapeutic properties. The fodder palm, Opuntia ficus indica (Cactaceae), is rich in complex carbohydrates (soluble fiber, mucilage, cellulose) polyphenols (particularly flavonoids, such as quercetin and kaempferol), carotenoids, vitamins C and E among others, making this plant present various therapeutic properties. This study aimed to detect phenolic compounds, evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, as well as acute toxicity of the Opuntia ficus indica cladodes mucilage in Wistar rats. Firstly, it was held dosage of phenolic compounds (polyphenols and flavonoids). The antimicrobial activity was performed using the microdilution method in 96-well plate to determine the MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) and MBC/MFC (minimum bactericidal or fungicidal concentration), the following microorganisms were used: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC6538); Micrococcus luteus (ATCC2225); Bacillus subtilis (UFPEDA-16); Pseudomonas aeruginosa (UFPEDA39); Mycobacterium smegmatis (UFPEDA-71); Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC6057); Escherichia coli (ATCC25922); Serratia sp (UFPEDA-398); Candida albicans (UFPEDA1007); Staphylococcus aureus (CI, 731-UFPEDA, Wound secrecion-HC, ORSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CI, 736-UFPEDA, Wound secrecion -HC), Enterobacter aerogenes (CI, 739-UFPEDA, Wound secrecion -HC), the extract was tested at concentrations between 2000 to 3.9 μg/ml. Antioxidant activity was detected by the method ABTS, DPPH and total antioxidant capacity. Lethal toxicity was estimated using Artemia salina and to determine the acute toxicity (in vivo) were used male Wistar rats that were orally administered a single dose of 2000 mg/kg of fodder palm mucilage and were evaluated for a period 14 days. The results showed that the polyphenol content was 64.9 ± 0.6 μg/ml and flavonoids 31.8 ± 0.4 μg/ml. Significant results were found for the antioxidant activity: percent inhibition ABTS was 98.40 ± 0.40% after 120 min, equivalent to TEAC 2173.30 ± 8.80 μM Trolox, percentage of inhibition of DPPH was 64.03 ± 7.8% and total antioxidant capacity was 48.42 ± 0.3% equivalent to ascorbic acid and 67.2 ± 0.4% equivalent to gallic acid. The fodder palm mucilage showed antimicrobial activity against: Micrococcus luteus (MIC = 1000 μg/ml and MBC = 2000 μg/ml) Mycobacterium smegmatis (MIC = 500 μg/ml and MBC = 2000 μg/ml); Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas aeruginosa - IC exhibited both MIC 2000 μg/ml and not paresentaram MBC. The mucilage was also active against Candida albicans (MIC = 1000 μg/ml and MFC = 2000 μg/ml). The lethal toxicity (LC50) for Artemia salina was 584.11 μg/mL. In the in vivo acute toxicity test showed no signs of intoxication nor physiological alterations, with LD50 (median lethal dose) estimated greater than 2000 mg/kg (class 5 GHS the OECD). From the results, it was concluded that the plant studied is a potential source of bioactive compounds, with promising studies in order to obtain new antimicrobial agents and natural antioxidants with low toxicity.
45

Caractérisation et valorisation de bioressources végétales pour le prétraitement d'effluents par coagulation-floculation / Characterization and valorisation of plant bioresources for pretreatment of effluents by coagulation flocculation

Bouaouine, Omar 18 October 2018 (has links)
Les biofloculants sont une alternative durable aux sels métalliques et aux polymères de synthèse pour le traitement des eaux par coagulation floculation (CF). La littérature a surtout décrit les paramètres optimaux pour l’application des matériaux biosourcés en CF. En étudiant deux exemples, Opuntia ficus indica, connu pour ses propriétés coagulantes et les margines, un déchet peu valorisable issu de la trituration des olives, nous proposons une méthodologie pour déterminer la nature des molécules actives et appréhender le mécanisme de CF impliqué. L’expérimentation a été menée sur un effluent synthétique à base de kaolinite. Les conditions optimales de CF, ont été déterminées par la méthode classique du jar test couplée à de la zétamètrie et de la microscopie. Pour les margines, les conditions optimales sont obtenues pour un pH de 11 et une dose d’extrait de 62.5 mg L-1. La couleur des margines impose néanmoins l’utilisation de 50 mg L-1 de coagulant métallique (Al2 (SO4)3). Nous avons ensuite basé notre étude sur une approche comparative de différentes fractions hydrosolubles en fonction du pH, dans les deux cas les molécules actives ont montré une solubilité maximale au pH optimal de CF. La détermination des pKa, la réalisation de dosages colorimétriques (protéine, sucres, polyphénols, tanin) et l’analyse infrarouge du matériel brut a permis d’envisager les familles de molécules impliquées (dans les deux cas, les tanins / flavonoïdes et les sucres). Des expériences de CF effectuées après digestions enzymatiques permet de confirmer l’identification des molécules impliquées dans le mécanisme. Ainsi la CF se fait par adsorption et pontage pour les deux matériaux. La faisabilité du traitement d’eaux résiduaires (industrie textile, lixiviat de décharge) par des extraits d’Opuntia ficus indica a été validé. Les tanins/ flavonoïdes et particulièrement la quercétine pour le cactus, s’adsorbent sur les colloïdes de l’effluent puis un polymère d’amidon (cactus) ou de cellulose (margine) permet la floculation par adsorption et pontage. / Biofloculants represent a sustainable alternative to metal salts and to synthetic polymers for water treatment by coagulation flocculation (CF). The optimal parameters of biomatrerials applicated in CF were mainly described by literature data. Opuntia ficus indica, known for its flocculating properties and olive mill waste (OMW), which its reuse not deeply examined, were chosen in our study. A methodology was proposed in order to determine the nature of the active molecules and to better understand the involving mechanism in CF. The experiment was conducted on a synthetic water based on kaolinite. The optimal conditions of CF were determined by jar test coupled with zeta potential and microscopy. For OMW, the optimum conditions are obtained for a pH of 11 and an extract dose of 62.5 mg L-1. The removal of OMW colors requires the use of 50 mg L-1 of a metal coagulant (Al2 (SO4)3). Afterwards, our study was based on a comparative approach of different water-soluble fractions as function of pH. The active molecules showed a maximum solubility at the optimal pH of CF, in both cases. The characterization of the raw materials by pKa, colorimetric assays (proteins, sugars, polyphenols and tannins) and the infrared analysis allowed to determine the molecules involved in CF (In both cases, tannins / flavonoids and sugars). CF experiments performed after enzymatic approach confirm the identification of molecules involved in the mechanism and suggest that the two materials operate through an adsorption and bridging mechanism. The efficiency of wastewater treatment (textile industry, landfill leachate) by Opuntia ficus indica extracts has been validated. Tannins/ flavonoids and especially quercetin for cactus promotes a colloidal material destabilization (coagulant) through anion exchanges and bridges; otherwise, the starch (cactus) or cellulose (OMW) forms a large cross-linked polymeric network responsible for bridging.
46

Caracterização morfológica e produtiva em variedades de palma forrageira / Morphological and productive characterization in forage cactus varieties

Amorim, Philipe Lima de 25 July 2011 (has links)
In order to evaluate morphological and productive varieties of forage cactus, we conducted an experiment in randomized block design with 24 treatments and four replications. The characteristics assessed related to the plant and cladodes were: number, weight, area and volume of cladodes primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary, area index and total volume of cladodes, production of fresh and dry, plant height and width. We also determined the correlations between the length, width, thickness, area and volume with the weight of cladodes. For the number of cladodes, area index and total volume of cladodes observed higher values for cultivars of the genus Nopalea For the weight, area and volume of cladodes, observed higher values for cultivars of the genus Opuntia. For the production of fresh and dry matter, the highest values were observed in the varieties Negro Michoacan F7 and Tamazunchale V12, respectively. For plant height varieties of the genus Opuntia, were the ones with the highest values. The area and volume of cladodes were the characteristics that showed the highest correlations with the weight of the green cladodes. Varieties Negro Michoacan F7, V7 and Tamazunchale V12 are the most suitable for cultivation. To increase the production of biomass should prioritize increasing the volume and number of cladodes to Nopalea and varieties of the genus Opuntia, respectively / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Objetivando-se avaliar características morfológicas e produtivas em variedades de palma, conduziu-se um experimento em um delineamento em blocos casualizados, com 24 tratamentos e quatro repetições. As características avaliadas referentes aos cladódios e a planta foram: número, peso, área e volume de cladódios primários, secundários, terciários e quaternários, índice de área e volume total de cladódios, produção de massa fresca e seca, altura e largura de planta. Determinou-se também as correlações entre o comprimento, largura, espessura, área e volume com o peso dos cladódios. Para o número de cladódios, índice de área e volume total de cladódios observou-se maiores valores para as cultivares do gênero Nopalea, enquanto para peso, área e volume de cladódios, observou-se maiores valores para plantas do o gênero Opuntia. Para, os. Para as produções de massa fresca e seca, os maiores valores foram observados nas variedades Negro Michoacan F7 e Tamazunchale V12, respectivamente. Para altura de plantas as variedades do gênero Opuntia, foram as que apresentaram os maiores valores. A área e o volume dos cladódios foram às características que apresentaram os maiores coeficientes de correlação com o peso verde dos cladódios. As variedades Negro Michoacan F7, V7 e Tamazunchale V12 são as mais indicadas ao cultivo. Para elevação da produção de biomassa deve-se priorizar o aumento do volume e do número dos cladódios para variedades do gênero Nopalea e Opuntia, respectivamente.
47

Desempenho de cabras leiteiras alimentadas com diferentes esp?cies de cact?ceas / Performance of goats dairy fed with different cactus species

G?es Neto, Pedro Etelvino de 28 February 2014 (has links)
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2015-12-15T18:11:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PedroEtelvinoDeGoesNeto_DISSERT.pdf: 761420 bytes, checksum: 21159a91fec1afc40804e76ee1ca9c94 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-12-30T17:48:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PedroEtelvinoDeGoesNeto_DISSERT.pdf: 761420 bytes, checksum: 21159a91fec1afc40804e76ee1ca9c94 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-30T17:48:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PedroEtelvinoDeGoesNeto_DISSERT.pdf: 761420 bytes, checksum: 21159a91fec1afc40804e76ee1ca9c94 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da utiliza??o de cact?ceas nativas e ex?ticas ao n?vel de 50% na MS de inclus?o na dieta total, sobre o consumo de nutrientes, ingest?o de ?gua, produ??o e composi??o f?sico-qu?mica do leite, com cabras em lacta??o. Foram utilizadas 5 cabras Saanen plur?paras (50?4 kg) alocadas em quadrado latino de acordo com cact?ceas fornecidas nas dietas, constando de cinco per?odos de 17 dias, sendo 10 dias de adapta??o e 7 para coleta de dados, cinco tratamentos com as seguintes cact?ceas: xiquexique, mandacaru, facheiro, palma mi?da e palma orelha de elefante mexicana. O consumo de mat?ria seca variou de 1.967,58 a 2.602,46 (g/dia) entre as cact?ceas e teve uma m?dia de 2.251,84 (g/dia). Observou-se que o consumo de mat?ria seca CMS (g/kg0,75) variou de 102,75 ? 136,78 entre as cact?ceas estudadas. O consumo de mat?ria seca (%PV) variou de 3,84 ? 5,11 com m?dia de 4,47. A produ??o de leite em (g/dia) variou de 1.692,60 a 2.090,40. O consumo de ?gua oferecida variou entre 4.549g (xiquexique) a 8.749 (palma mi?da). As cabras alimentadas com palma mi?da apresentaram-se com as maiores produ??es de leite (g/dia) com valores m?dio de 2.091. N?o houve diferen?a na composi??o f?sico-qu?mica do leite estando os teores de gordura, prote?na bruta, lactose e s?lidos totais a cima do m?nimo permitido pela legisla??o para leite de cabra no Brasil. A utiliza??o de cact?ceas ao n?vel de 50% MS na inclus?o da dieta total proporcionou consumo de nutrientes suficientes para atender as exig?ncias dos animais para a produ??o de leite sem alterar a sua composi??o f?sico-qu?mica. / The objective of this research was to evaluate the production of dairy goats fed different species of cactus. Pluriparous five Saanen goats were used, with nine weeks of lactation, and average live weight of 50 kg ? 4 kg. The animals were distributed in latin square design (5x5) with 5 diets and 5 periods. No differences (P>0,05) were observed in the DM of the experimental diets by getting average values of 2.251,84 g dia-1 , 4,46 %PV e 118,91g kg0,75 . The DM contents of the diets were 50,55 to 55,92% by presenting a maximum variation of 10% between them. A significant difference (P<0,05) water consumption way tendered, between diets with different cactus species. The treatments cactus ?Orelha de Elefante Mexicana? and Facheiro had lower water consumption compared to cactus ?Palma Mi?da. For milk yield no significant difference (P> 0,05) between diets formulated with cactus species, with an average of 1,90 kg/day treatments. The analysis of variance show a significant difference (P<0,05) among treatments for milk corrected to 4% fat and fat production. There was an effect (P<0,05) of the diets with different cactus on the crude protein (CP) and lactose in milk. All treatments with different cactus species can be used for dairy goats in view consumption have afforded sufficient to meet the nutritional requirements for milk nutrients, besides presenting the higher than levels of physical and chemical composition to minimum levels established by current legislation
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Avaliação da palma forrageira em diferentes densidades de plantio

Cavalcante, Lucas Aroaldo Dantas 28 February 2013 (has links)
The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Center of the Coastal Plains Agricultural Research - CPATC - Embrapa, in Frei Paulo - SE to evaluate the morphology, chemical composition and productivity of forage cultivars in different planting densities. The experimental design was a randomized block in factorial 3X4. The treatments consisted of a combination of three species of cactus pear (Palma Giant and Tiny Round), four planting densities (10,000, 20,000, 40,000 and 80,000 plants.ha-1), with three replications. The sample collection was performed at 24 months after planting, and evaluated the morphometric measurements, production and chemical composition in each treatment. The species of forage presented different behaviors regarding morphometry, productivity and chemical composition and independent of the kind denser planting increases productivity and provides greater accumulation of water and nutrients per hectare2 years. / O experimento foi instalado no Campo Experimental do Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária dos Tabuleiros Costeiros - CPATC - Embrapa, em Frei Paulo SE objetivando avaliar a morfometria, produtividade e a composição química de cultivares de palma forrageira em diferentes densidades de plantio. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 3X4. Os tratamentos constituíram-se da combinação de três espécies de palma forrageira (Palma Gigante, Redonda e a Miúda), quatro densidades de plantio (10.000, 20.000, 40.000 e 80.000 plantas.ha-1), com três repetições. A coleta das amostras foi realizada aos 24 meses após plantio, sendo realizadas avaliações das medidas morfométricas, produção e composição química em cada tratamento. As espécies de palma forrageira apresentaram comportamentos diferentes quanto à morfometria, produtividade e composição química e independente da espécie o plantio adensado eleva a produtividade e proporciona maior acúmulo de água e nutrientes por hectare2 anos.
49

Livelihoods on the edge: farming household income, food security and resilience in southwestern Madagascar

Hänke, Hendrik 02 May 2016 (has links)
No description available.
50

Efecto antibacteriano y antifúngico comparativo de los extractos acuosos del Zea mays L. (maíz morado), Rubus glaucus (mora andina); Opuntia soherensii (ayrampo) y diseño de un gel de limpieza cutánea

Soto Huamaní, Hersh Marco Polo January 2014 (has links)
El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la actividad antimicrobiana de los extractos de los frutos de Zea Mays L. (maíz morado), Rubus glaucus (mora) y Opuntia soherensii (ayrampo); y el diseñar un gel de limpieza cutánea a base de los extractos que contenga mejores resultados de inhibición de crecimiento bacteriano y fúngico. Los frutos del Zea Mays L. y Rubus glaucus fueron recolectados en el departamento de Lima, provincias de Canta y Huarochirí respectivamente; y los del Opuntia soherensii (ayrampo) fueron recolectados en el departamento de Ayacucho, provincia de Paucar del Sara Sara. El trabajo se desarrolló en dos etapas: obtención, caracterización y determinación de la actividad antimicrobiana de los extractos y el diseño, formulación, elaboración, caracterización, determinación de la actividad antimicrobiana de un gel de limpieza cutánea. Finalmente, se evaluó el sinergismo de la actividad antibacteriana de los extractos del Opuntia soherensii (ayrampo) y del Rubus glaucus (mora) incorporados en el gel base. Los extractos fueron sometidos a un screening fitoquímico identificándose la presencia de compuestos fenólicos, taninos, flavonoides, azúcares reductores. Asimismo, se determinó su actividad antibacteriana y antifúngica por el método de difusión en agar. Los extractos de los frutos se obtuvieron por dos tipos de extracción (una acuosa y la otra alcohólica). Los extractos obtenidos por extracción alcohólica de los frutos del Rubus glaucus (mora) y Opuntia soherensii (ayrampo) demostraron mejor actividad. La formulación del gel se realizó en base a la estabilidad y consistencia del producto. La adición de los extractos al gel base dieron resultados positivos, determinándose su actividad antibacteriana y antifúngica por el método de difusión en agar. Los mejores resultados se obtuvieron con el gel donde se incorporó el extracto seco (obtenido por extracción alcohólica) del Opuntia soherensii (ayrampo).

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