Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2015-10-01T23:47:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Liliane Souza de Assis.pdf: 4082156 bytes, checksum: f7cd61327c03998590b5dce3a5ecd1c7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-01T23:47:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Liliane Souza de Assis.pdf: 4082156 bytes, checksum: f7cd61327c03998590b5dce3a5ecd1c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-12 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia - FAPEB / This research discusses the implications of Law 11.274 / 06 in the organization of educational work to care for six year-old children inserted in elementary public schools in Concei??o do Jacu?pe, from 2007 to 2012. For this, the study elected as a matter central question: What are the implications of Law 11.274 / 2006 in the organization of educational work to care for six year-old children inserted in elementary public schools in Concei??o do Jacu?pe? In dialogue with this issue, this research aimed to analyze the implications of Law 11.274 / 2006 in the organization of educational work to care for six year-old children inserted in elementary public schools of Concei??o do Jacu?pe. The methodology is based on qualitative approach and seeks to articulate policy analysis with the processes experienced by the subjects, taking as main categories of analysis the concepts of childhood and organization of educational work. As data collection instruments, were used analysis of national and local official documents related to the object, particularly those that indicate the guidelines for education policy in the municipality, as well as semi-structured interviews with teachers who work in the first year, teaching managers and coordinators of two municipal schools, and systematic observations of educational relations established in schools in order to care for six year-old child. The data collected allow us to infer that the documents prepared by the Education City of Concei??o do Jacu?pe to implement the basic education of nine years, dialogue with the proposal of the law, with regard to operational aspects: a gradual transition from elementary school from eight to nine years' duration; cutting age for enrollment and the recast proposal of the organization of pedagogical work to care for six year-old children. The analysis of the processes experienced by the subjects in the law implementation process revealed the theoretical and methodological challenges that come into play, especially regarding the vagueness of childhood conception and organization of educational work in the statements of the subjects and the documents of the institutions; the fragility of discussions about the organization of the pedagogical work and its relationship with childhood specificities and the need for a debate, in the municipality, on for what and for whom we are educating. / Esta pesquisa problematiza as implica??es da Lei 11.274/06 na organiza??o do trabalho pedag?gico para atendimento das crian?as de seis anos inseridas no ensino fundamental, em escolas municipais de Concei??o do Jacu?pe, no per?odo de 2007 a 2012. Para isso, o estudo elegeu como quest?o central de investiga??o: Quais as implica??es da Lei 11.274/2006 na organiza??o do trabalho pedag?gico para atendimento das crian?as de seis anos inseridas no ensino fundamental, em escolas municipais de Concei??o do Jacu?pe? E di?logo com esta quest?o a pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar as implica??es da Lei 11.274/2006 na organiza??o do trabalho pedag?gico para atendimento das crian?as de seis anos inseridas no ensino fundamental, em escolas municipais de Concei??o do Jacu?pe. A metodologia dotada baseia-se na abordagem qualitativa e busca articular a an?lise da pol?tica com os processos vividos pelos sujeitos, tomando como principais categorias de an?lises os conceitos de inf?ncia e organiza??o do trabalho pedag?gico. Como instrumentos de coleta de dados foram usados an?lise de documentos oficiais nacionais e locais relacionados ao objeto, particularmente os que indicam as diretrizes para as pol?ticas educacionais no munic?pio, bem como entrevistas semiestruturadas com professores que atuam no primeiro ano, gestores e coordenadores pedag?gicos de duas escolas municipais, al?m de observa??es sistem?ticas das rela??es educativas estabelecidas nas escolas com vista ao atendimento das crian?as de seis anos. Os dados coletados permitem afirmar que os documentos elaborados pelo Conselho Municipal de Educa??o de Concei??o do Jacu?pe para implanta??o do ensino fundamental de nove anos, dialogam com a proposta da lei, no que diz respeito aos aspectos operacionais: transi??o gradativa do ensino fundamental de oito para nove anos de dura??o; idade de corte para matr?culas e proposta de reformula??o da organiza??o do trabalho pedag?gico para atendimento das crian?as de seis anos. A an?lise dos processos vividos pelos sujeitos no processo de implementa??o da lei revelaram os desafios te?ricos e metodol?gicos que entram em cena, especialmente em rela??o ? indefini??o de concep??es de inf?ncia e organiza??o do trabalho pedag?gico nos depoimentos dos sujeitos e nos documentos das institui??es; ? fragilidade das discuss?es acerca da organiza??o do trabalho pedag?gico e suas rela??es com as especificidades da inf?ncia, bem como, a necessidade de um debate, no munic?pio sobre para que e para quem estamos educando.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-12-15Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:32:14Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 martins_d_me_mar.pdf: 658778 bytes, checksum: 8df97aa87687cbe2188932966d2f2cea (MD5) / O objetivo geral desta pesquisa é explicitar as possíveis relações existentes entre as atividades mediadoras implementadas pelo professor em sala de aula — consolidadas por meio da organização das atividades de produção de texto e pela interação desenvolvida com os alunos — e a capacidade dos alunos para produzir textos escritos. Objetivou, especificamente (1) caracterizar o modo como o professor organiza e desenvolve em sala de aula, tarefas, intervenções, estratégias de ensino e a produção de textos com os alunos; (2)identificar como o professor interage com os alunos, explicitando os conceitos nas aulas com a finalidade de se apropriarem das aptidões e capacidades para a produção de textos. O corpus da pesquisa está constituído por observações e registros de manifestações verbais (anotadas e ou gravadas em áudio) de uma professora e seus alunos em situação de aula de português em uma sala de aula de 4ª série, do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Fundamental. A pesquisa foi realizada em uma Escola Estadual de Ensino Fundamental de um pequeno município no interior do estado de São Paulo durante o ano de 2007. Os resultados da observação foram entrecruzados com os registros reflexivos da professora e os resultados da redação dos alunos no SARESP (Sistema de Avaliação do Rendimento Escolar do Estado de São Paulo) – 2007, no que se refere à produção de textos dos alunos dessa classe. Neste trabalho foram utilizados os conceitos básicos relacionados aos gêneros textuais que direcionam o processo de ensino da leitura e escrita, com base em Bakhtin, e os conceitos de desenvolvimento, ensino e atividade sob a perspectiva da teoria histórico-cultural, com base em Vigotski, Leontiev e Luria. Os resultados obtidos por esta pesquisa possibilitam concluir que um processo de mediação que considere interações adequadas entre professores e alunos... / This research aims to investigate the possible relations between mediation activities established in classes — carried out by means of the organization of the activities of text production and by interaction between teacher and student as well as between student and student — and the performance of the students on the written textual production. It aims, specifically: (1) characterize the way the teacher organizes and develops in his classes, homework, interventions, strategies of teaching and text production with the students; (2) identify how the teacher interacts with the students, explaining the concepts in his classes with the finality that they appropriate the skills and capacities to product texts. The corpus of this research contains observations and registers of verbal manifestations (written and/or taped in audio) of a teacher and her students in Portuguese classes of a 4th degree of an elementary state school of a small town of the interior of the state of São Paulo during the year of 2007. The results of the observations were crossed mutually with the reflexive registers of the teacher and the results of the written texts of the students on the SARESP (Sistema de Avaliação do Rendimento Escolar do Estado de São Paulo – an external evaluation done by the students of some grades at public schools in the state of São Paulo) – 2007, related to text production of the referred students. In this work we use the basic concepts related to the textual genres that guide the teaching of the reading and writing process, based on Bakhtin, and the concepts of development, learning and activity from the historical-cultural perspective, based on Vigotski, Leontiev and Luria. The results obtained in this research lead us to the conclusion that a mediation process which considers appropriate interactions between teachers and students, selection of the subject to the written... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

The Ativa school is a government program implemented in multigrade classes rural. It was created in 1997 from the colombian experienced Escuela Nueva. Their assumptions were influenced by the movement the new school in 1920.In 2008 to meet liability claims of the movement for an educational field, the basic design was reworked as a parameter guidelines oprationals for rural school, established in 2003 and 2008 became the reference for multigrade classes in the whole country. With a goal of understand how the program is realized in pratice developed a teacher survey, research group linked to educational and social movements of the research history, society and educational thought, the nucleus of pos graduate education at the federal university of Sergipe. So We take as a method of analysis principles and procedures of a qualitative approach, the kind of case study and documentary sources as having bibliographies on the theme,the official documents of the program and observation of pratice pedagogy. We use as central categories of analysis contradiction, pedagogical work, practice, all. For that we refer to studies Trivinos 1987,Minayo 1999,Netto 2009,Frigotto 2001 and, Pistrak 1981.The study found the contradictions between pratice and theory despite the reformulation of the program incorporate the discourse of education in the field and identify the possible contradictions between the contents explored the principles of education field and a faculty pratice marked by the influence of tradicional teaching. / A Escola Ativa é um programa governamental implantado nas classes multisseriadas das escolas do meio rural. Ele foi criado em 1997 a partir da experiência colombiana Escuela Nueva. Os seus pressupostos foram influenciados pelo Movimento da Escola Nova da década de 1920. Em 2008, para atender reivindicações do Movimento Por uma Educação do Campo, o projeto base foi reformulado tendo como parâmetro as Diretrizes Operacionais para as escolas do campo, criado em 2003 e em 2008 passou a ser referência para as classes multisseriadas do campo em todo o país. Com o objetivo de compreender como o Programa se realiza na prática docente desenvolvemos uma pesquisa, vinculada ao Grupo de Pesquisa Educação e Movimentos Sociais da Linha de Pesquisa História, Sociedade e Pensamento Educacional, do Núcleo de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal de Sergipe. Para tanto, tomamos como método de análise princípios e procedimentos da abordagem qualitativa, do tipo Estudo de Caso e documental tendo como fontes as bibliografias relacionadas com o tema, os documentos oficiais do Programa e a observação da prática pedagógica. Utilizamos como categorias centrais de análise o trabalho pedagógico, práxis, totalidade e a contradição. Para tanto nos reportamos aos estudos de Triviños (1987), Minayo (1999), Braz Netto (2009), Frigotto (2001) e Pistrak (1981), Freitas (1995). Pelo estudo verificamos as contradições entre a prática e a teoria e apesar de a reformulação do programa incorporar o discurso da Educação do Campo é possível identificar as contradições entre os conteúdos explorados e os princípios da educação do campo, bem como uma prática docente marcada pela influência do ensino tradicional.

Orientador: Aparecida Neri de Souza / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T22:36:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pires_JoelmaLuciaVieira_D.pdf: 1196138 bytes, checksum: 1e236eea0a052b4ba0693f9d34cf3a41 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Este trabalho refere-se à análise do processo de implementação da orientação por competências em escolas públicas, na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, na primeira metade dos anos 2000, com o objetivo de compreender as mudanças introduzidas no sistema educacional, no curso dos dois últimos decênios. A hipótese principal que orientou a pesquisa é de que há um movimento de racionalização que contamina todas as esferas da vida social, transformando o processo educacional em meio para responder aos imperativos do mercado de trabalho. Para tanto, foram pesquisadas duas escolas públicas que oferecem o Ensino Fundamental, a primeira vinculada a uma universidade pública e estadual (Escola A) e a segunda integrante da rede de escolas estaduais, subordinada à Secretaria Estadual de Educação, e que mantém parceria com empresa privada (Escola B). O estudo das escolas, realizado entre 2003 e 2006, indagou os professores, coordenadores, mediante entrevistas semi-estruturadas, como estavam colocando em prática a orientação do ensino por competências; quais eram, na ótica desses trabalhadores, as inovações, as mudanças nas ações educativas, sejam elas curriculares, na organização do trabalho escolar; e, na orientação por competências, como se estabelecem consentimentos ou resistências ao processo. A pesquisa também investigou a percepção dos pais dos estudantes sobre os reflexos da orientação por competências sobre o processo educativo. O estudo foi complementado não só com a análise de documentos produzidos pelas escolas, pelo poder público, em especial o Ministério da Educação, pelos organismos internacionais ou empresariais, mas também com as observações no campo das atividades de trabalho dos professores, funcionários, coordenadores e diretores. A pesquisa encontrou na Escola A coletivos de trabalhadores altamente qualificados, com contratos de trabalho estáveis (embora pela Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho) e jornadas semanais de trabalho em tempo integral; com condições de trabalho favoráveis não só pela proximidade acadêmica com Faculdade de Educação, mas pela disponibilidade de recursos didáticos e pedagógicos e pela presença de estudantes originários de diferentes grupos sociais. Essas condições e relações de trabalho não foram suficientes para construir espaços de resistência ao movimento de orientação por competências. Quando foram encontradas eram difusas e individualizadas. De modo geral, o coletivo de trabalhadores se apropriou da orientação por competências e buscam implementar as mudanças, considerando o trabalho docente como um espaço de autonomia relativa. Por outro lado, na Escola B, a pesquisa encontrou coletivo de trabalhadores com menor qualificação, com contratos de trabalho, na sua maioria, temporários (embora Estatutários), com alta rotatividade de professores e diretores; uma diversidade de jornadas de trabalho (organizadas por hora-aula); e com condições de trabalho desfavoráveis se comparadas com a Escola A. Essas condições e relações de trabalho informam as dificuldades desse coletivo de trabalhadores de construírem propostas educacionais que tenham continuidade, que se enraízem e que produzam ações educativas duradouras (como na Escola A). O ensino por competências é implementado por meio de projetos de trabalho, limitando a formação dos estudantes à sua realidade. Ambos os coletivos compreendem o trabalho docente como espaço de autonomia relativa, como portador de possibilidades de transformação cultural e social de estudantes. No entanto, na Escola B, a proximidade com a empresa coloca finalidades contraditórias para a educação escolar, legitimando os imperativos do mercado de trabalho. Na Escola A, a proximidade com a universidade não se constituiu em ruptura com o processo de legitimação vivenciado pela Escola B, concretizado na preocupação com o vestibular / Abstract: This current research is an analysis of the process of implementing competence orientation in state (public) schools situated in São Paulo metropolitan area. The analysis took place in the first half of the 2000¿s and aimed at understanding the changes inserted in the educational system throughout the last two decades. The hypothesis for the research is that there is a rationalization movement which contaminates all aspects of social life, transforming the on-going educational process in order to correspond to job market needs. To fulfill the research, the investigation was carried out in two state schools which have primary and secondary education: the first one is a school which is related to a state, public university (school A); the second one, a school which is part of a network of state schools- supervised by the State Bureau of Education, which has partnership with a private enterprise (school B). The study in the schools was implemented from 2003 to 2006, and used semistructured questionnaires applied to teachers and coordinators as data resource. The informants were asked how they were implementing the competence orientations and which were, according to their point-of ¿view, the innovations and changes in the educational actions (in different aspects such as curriculum and school work organization), as well as how resistance or consent to the process happened. The research also investigated the parents¿ understanding about the competenceorientation outcomes on the educational process. The study was complemented not only with the analysis of documents produced by the schools, by the state educational offices, mainly by the Federal Department of Education, by business and international associations, but also with field observations of school staff (teachers, coordinators, servants, directors) at work. The research in school A found highly-qualified professionals, hired under stable job contracts (Work Regulation Laws, in Portuguese called ¿CLT¿) and full-time week periods of work with positive conditions, not only because of the close relationship with the School of Education in the university, but also because of the availability of pedagogical resources, and the presence of students from different social groups. These conditions and work relationships were not sufficient to create spaces of resistance to the competence-orientation movement; where they were found, they were scattered, isolated and individualized. In general terms, most workers accepted the orientations in a positive way and worked towards the implementation of the changes, considering the teachers¿ work as a space of relative autonomy. However, in school B, the research found groups of less-qualified professionals, hired under temporary job contracts (although being regulated by statute) with high turnover of teachers and directors and several different week time periods of work (organized by hour-class); and unfavorable work conditions, compared to school A. These conditions and work relationships reported the difficulties of school staff to build and implement educational actions, ones which could last, root and produce long-term educational actions (like the ones in school A). The teaching of competencies is implemented through work projects, framing the students¿ education to their own reality. In both contexts, school staff sees their work as a space with relative autonomy, as well as a space of possibilities towards students¿ cultural and social change. However, in school B, the close relationship with the enterprise sets learning goals with are contradictory with school education, favoring job market orientations and needs. In school A, the close relationship with the university does not mean there is a process of breaking up with the process of educating towards job market needs (what is explicit in school B); this fact is revealed in the orientation towards university preparatory exams (in Portuguese, called ¿vestibular¿) / Doutorado / Educação, Sociedade, Politica e Cultura / Doutor em Educação

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-10-30T11:12:40Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Camila Rocha Cardoso - 2013.pdf: 3925273 bytes, checksum: 9c82703459afc8e9b495ed4d604e3c65 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-10-30T14:32:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Camila Rocha Cardoso - 2013.pdf: 3925273 bytes, checksum: 9c82703459afc8e9b495ed4d604e3c65 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-30T14:32:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Camila Rocha Cardoso - 2013.pdf: 3925273 bytes, checksum: 9c82703459afc8e9b495ed4d604e3c65 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-12 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The legislation that deals with Specialized Educational Service provides that it must be based on respect for individual differences and for diversity, with a focus on the ways and conditions of student learning and always maintaining a flexible character. Although this service has as function the support to regular education, we assume that it has not been in line with the educational process of students with special educational needs due to several factors, including the difficulty of implementing the Multifunctional Resource Rooms program and the pedagogical unpreparedness in the action of the teachers who work in these rooms. Thus, we question: how to organize the pedagogical work of the specialized educational services in the Multifunctional Resource Rooms? And how does the planning, development and evaluation of this service work? We aim, in the proposed research study, to analyze the ways of organization of educational work in the Multifunctional Resource Rooms. This research is part of the Catalano Special Education Observatory, which is linked to the National Special Education Observatory and focuses on collaborative research, which has a focus on intervention procedures that aim to change certain reality, emancipating the individuals who belong to it and bringing the two dimensions of educational research together: the production of knowledge and continuous teacher training. The research was conducted with teachers of the Multifunctional Resource Rooms related to Education Secretariat of the region of Catalão. Data collection was made through interviews, all meetings were filmed, and the audio files were, Afterwards, transcribed. Seventeen teachers participated in the study in 2011, and, thirteen of these, in 2012, totaling eight meetings. Interview data were analyzed in a joint work with participants and, then, categories were established, covering discussions on planning, contents worked in the multifunctional resource rooms and assessment processes of students with special educational needs. The results show a lack of understanding from teachers in relation to their pedagogical role in the multifunctional resource room, which has consequences in the construction of an inclusive education. It was also noted that the kinds of teacher training and the conditions of implementation of these rooms create constraints for the work of this teacher. An alternative used to overcome the problems faced by these teachers daily was the collaborative research, which provided them an experience exchange, very rich discussions and reflections that certainly may contribute to their performance in the multifunctional resource rooms. / A legislação que trata do atendimento educacional especializado dispõe que este deve ser baseado no respeito às diferenças individuais e à diversidade, focando as formas e condições de aprendizagem do aluno e sempre mantendo um caráter flexível. Apesar de esse atendimento possuir como função o apoio ao ensino regular, partimos do pressuposto de que ele não tem se articulado ao processo de escolarização dos estudantes público alvo da Educação Especial, devido a diversos fatores, entre eles, à dificuldade de implementação do programa da sala de recursos multifuncionais e ao distanciamento da natureza pedagógica na ação dos professores que atuam nessas salas. Desse modo, problematizamos: como se organiza o trabalho pedagógico do atendimento educacional especializado em salas de recursos multifuncionais? E Como ocorre o planejamento, o desenvolvimento e a avaliação deste atendimento? Objetivamos, no estudo proposto, analisar os modos de organização do trabalho pedagógico nas salas de recursos multifuncionais. Esta pesquisa faz parte do Observatório Catalano de Educação Especial, que se vincula ao Observatório Nacional de Educação Especial e se centra na pesquisa colaborativa, que privilegia processos de intervenções que visam transformar determinada realidade, emancipando os indivíduos que dela participam e aproximando as duas dimensões de pesquisa em educação: a produção de saberes e a formação continuada de professores. A pesquisa foi realizada com professores de salas de recursos multifuncionais ligados a Subsecretaria de Educação da microrregião de Catalão e a coleta de dados aconteceu por meio de entrevistas coletivas, sendo todos os encontros filmados e gravados em áudio e, posteriormente, transcritos. Participaram dezessete professores no ano de 2011 e, treze destes em 2012, totalizando oito encontros. Os dados das entrevistas foram analisados num trabalho conjunto com os participantes e, a partir disso, foram estabelecidas categorias que abrangeram as discussões sobre planejamento, conteúdos trabalhados nas salas de recursos multifuncionais e os processos avaliativos dos estudantes com necessidades educacionais especiais. Os resultados demonstram a falta de compreensão dos professores quanto a sua ação pedagógica dentro da sala de recursos multifuncionais, o que traz consequências na construção da educação inclusiva. Nota-se também que os tipos de formação docente e as condições de implementação dessas salas geram limitações para o trabalho desse professor, e, uma alternativa utilizada a fim de superar os problemas enfrentados nas práticas cotidianas desses docentes foi a pesquisa colaborativa, que proporcionou a eles uma experiência de troca, de discussões e reflexões muito ricas que, certamente, poderão contribuir na atuação desse professor da sala de recursos multifuncionais.

Esta tese discute a organização tecnológica do cuidado em saúde à luz das políticas de saúde bucal. Metodologicamente estruturou-se em um histórico das políticas de saúde bucal no Brasil desde a década de 1950 aos dias atuais, na vigência da Política Nacional de Saúde Bucal (PNSB, 2004). A abordagem das políticas procedeu-se sob teoria de M. Foucault na obra Arqueologia do Saber (1997). O estudo buscou apreender qual saber operante, (Mendes Gonçalves 1979, 1994) tem organizado a prática neste campo. Utilizou-se de revisão de documentos normativos do SUS e de publicações do período de 2000 a 2012. Procurou-se desvelar, a partir da organização tecnológica (categoria de análise) como a atual política aborda as necessidades de saúde da população e quais ferramentas/instrumentos/tecnologias são oferecidas para o cuidado em saúde bucal. O SUS busca tem buscado a mudança de modelos de atenção e de organização do trabalho que transformem a prática de assistência odontológica (ineficaz, baixa cobertura, monopolista, baixa resolubilidade, mal distribuída geográfica e socialmente), por modelos voltados à promoção da saúde. No entanto, de acordo com levantamento de artigos sobre a condução da atual PNSB no cotidiano dos serviços públicos de saúde, destacou um modus operandi ainda calcado na pragmática odontologia, plena de conflitos e contradições. A abordagem de conceitos como promoção da saúde, integralidade e cuidado em saúde trouxeram a este estudo uma luminosidade, uma clareza ao olhar a prática em saúde bucal. O histórico das Políticas em Saúde Bucal foi fundamental para compor a análise da organização tecnológica e os processos de trabalho, pois realçaram que o fio condutor das práticas tem sido realizado, de forma linear, por abordagens ainda muito centradas no conhecimento biológico do adoecimento. Para que de fato um novo modelo como propõe a PNSB transforme a prática em saúde bucal com novos arranjos tecnológicos no processo de trabalho, outras formas de vínculo e comprometimento devem ser almejadas. É necessário melhorar a formação e a prática profissional com a adição de novos saberes que, por sua vez, irão exigir novos padrões cognitivos e culturais. Há que se qualificar a escuta sobre os padecimentos do paciente, ir além do diagnóstico de sinais e sintomas, apreender as subjetividades produzidas na condição do adoecimento. Talvez estes processos consigam legitimar a saúde bucal como um dos componentes da saúde em uma expressão ampliada: a da qualidade de vida. / This thesis discusses the technological organization of health care in light of the dental health policies. Methodologically structured in a history of oral health policies in Brazil since the 1950s to today, in the presence of the National Policy Oral Health (PNSB, 2004). The approach of the policies proceeded up under the theory of M. Foucault\'s work on the Archaeology of Knowledge (1997). The study aimed to discover which operating knowledge, (Mendes Gonçalves 1979, 1994) has organized practice in this field. We used the review of regulatory documents and publications SUS from 2000 to 2012. We sought to reveal, from the technological organization (analysis category) as the current policy sees the health needs of the population and what tools / instruments / technologies are offered to oral health care. The SUS search has sought to change care models and work organizations that transform the practice of dental assisting (ineffective, low coverage, monopolistic, low resolution, poorly distributed geographically and socially), for models aimed at health promotion. However, according to a survey of articles about the conduction of current PNSB in the routine of public health services, said a modus operandi still supported in the pragmatic dentistry, full of conflicts and contradictions. The approach of concepts such as: health promotion, and integrality health care have brought a luminosity to this study, a clarity look at at the practice in oral health. The historic Policy Oral Health was fundamental to compose the analysis of technological organization and work processes, as highlighted that the guiding line of practices has been performed, linearly, by approaches still very centered on biological knowledge of the illness. For a really new model as proposed by the PNSB turn the practice of oral health with new technological arrangements in the work process, other forms of ties and compromise to be desired. It is necessary to improve training and professional practice by adding new knowledge which will require new cultural and cognitive standards. It must be qualify the listening about the sufferings of the patient, to go beyond of the diagnosis of signs and symptoms, to capture subjectivities produced in the condition of illness. Perhaps these processes are able to legitimize the oral health as a component of health in a larger expression: a quality of life.

This thesis deals with the issue of quality of work life (QWL), namely the important factors of QWL in terms of the management of non-governmental organizations (NGO). Perception of QWL has a positive effect on job satisfaction, personal well-being and job performance (its productivity and quality). The aim of this mapping study is to determine the important factors of QWL from the subjective perspective. Expert semistructured interviews were used for this purpose. The results indicate that the identified factors are identical with QWL mentioned by individual authors and institutions. The following factors were identified: absence of stress, interpersonal relationships in the workplace, support from the organization, evaluation of work, working environment. The positively evaluated factors include good relations in the workplace, need and utility of service, and self-actualization. The problematic working factors are financial conditions, obligations arising from the legislative framework, uncertainty about the sustainability of services, view of society and the low level of spatial facilities. The findings might become a contribution for organizations providing social services, be useful in easier implementation and support QWL factors, feelings of well-being at work, for selection of employees,...

[pt] Este estudo analisa criticamente as atribuições do orientador pedagógico no ciclo de alfabetização em escolas públicas do município de Duque de Caxias - RJ. A pesquisa busca responder as seguintes questões: Qual é a natureza da função do orientador pedagógico nas escolas públicas da Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Duque de Caxias (SME/DC)? Que desafios são apontados pelos orientadores pedagógicos em termos da sua atuação no ciclo de alfabetização? Para responder essas questões analisam-se atribuições e percepções de orientadores pedagógicos sobre seus percursos de formação (ALARCÃO, 1996; NÓVOA, 2007; SHULMAN, 2014; TARDIF, 2000) e suas formas de inserção na dinâmica da organização do trabalho escolar na escola pública brasileira (ALMEIDA, SOUZA, PLACCO, 2015; 2016; PARO, 2000; RANGEL, 2003). Do ponto de vista metodológico, inspirando-se numa abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa, adotam-se como procedimentos de produção dos dados: a observação de reuniões da Coordenadoria de Supervisão e Orientação Educacional, encontros/eventos com os orientadores pedagógicos propostos pela SME/DC e entrevistas semiestruturadas com dez orientadores pedagógicos que atuam no ciclo de alfabetização (BOGDAN e BIKLEN, 1994; LUDKE e ANDRÉ, 1986). As categorias que emergiram dos dados são: características da prática do orientador pedagógico com os professores alfabetizadores; percursos de formação e atribuições do orientador pedagógico na alfabetização: interfaces; formas de interação entre os orientadores pedagógicos e a equipe da SME/DC: singularidades e implicações da gestão democrática para a prática do orientador pedagógico. Os resultados revelam: as orientadoras entrevistadas, tomando como base as tarefas burocrático-administrativas que executam, consideram o volume das suas atribuições excessivo em relação ao número de horas que dispõem para o cumprimento da função; destacam, curiosamente, como foco do seu trabalho, o acompanhamento e a intervenção pedagógica direta aos alunos que apresentam dificuldades de aprendizagem; enfatizam a participação em eventos de diferentes modalidades destinados para a alfabetização e demonstram uma preocupação com a manutenção, no âmbito da escola, dos espaços de formação; relatam a questão do distanciamento entre as equipes da SME/DC e a escola, mesmo com o uso dos recursos tecnológicos que nem sempre é efetiva; evidenciam a participação como desafio para o exercício de uma prática na perspectiva de gestão democrática. Como considerações finais da pesquisa, ratificam-se como desafios para a escola pública brasileira, a alfabetização, a necessidade de se repensar os modelos de formação do pedagogo que desempenha a função de orientador pedagógico e a busca por estratégias de consolidação da gestão democrática na escola. / [en] This study critically analyzes the attributions of the pedagogical advisor in the literacy cycle in public schools of the municipality of Duque de Caxias - RJ. The research study seeks to answer the following questions: What is the nature of the role of the pedagogical advisor in the public schools of the Duque de Caxias Municipal Secretariat of Education (SME/DC)? What challenges are the pedagogical leaders pointing out in terms of their performance in the literacy cycle? In order to answer these questions, we analyze the attributions and perceptions of pedagogical advisors about their training pathways (ALARCÃO, 1996; NÓVOA, 2007; SHULMAN, 2014; TARDIF, 2000) and their forms of insertion in the dynamics of school work organization in public schools Brazil (ALMEIDA, SOUZA, PLACCO, 2015, 2016, PARO, 2000 and RANGEL, 2003). From the methodological point of view, based on a research qualitative approach, data production procedures are adopted: observation of meetings of the Coordination of Educational Supervision and Guidance, events with the pedagogical counselors proposed by SME/DC and semi-structured interviews with ten pedagogical leaders working in the literacy cycle (BOGDAN and BIKLEN, 1994; LUDKE and ANDRÉ, 1986). The categories that emerged from data indicate: characteristics of the practice of the pedagogical advisor with the literacy teachers; training paths and attributions of the pedagogical leader in literacy: interfaces; forms of interaction between the pedagogical advisors and the SME/DC team: singularities and implications of the democratic management for the practice of the pedagogical advisor. The results show that the interviewed supervisors, based on the bureaucratic-administrative tasks they perform, consider the volume of their assignments to be excessive in relation to the number of hours they have to perform the job; emphasize, curiously, as the focus of their work, the follow-up and direct pedagogical intervention to students who present learning difficulties; emphasize the participation in events of different modalities destined for literacy and demonstrate a preoccupation with the maintenance, in the scope of the school, of the spaces of formation; report the issue of distance between the SME/DC teams and the school, even with the use of technological resources that are not always effective and the evidence the participation as a challenge for the practice of a practice in the perspective of democratic management. As final considerations, results show the challenges for the Brazilian public school, literacy, the need to rethink the training models of the pedagogue who plays the role of pedagogical advisor and the search for strategies to consolidate democratic management in school.

My research studies immigrants’ learning experiences as socially organized practices. Informed by the sociocultural approach of learning and institutional ethnography, I treat learning as a material and relational phenomenon. I start by examining how fourteen Chinese immigrants learn to fit into the engineering market in Canada. I then trace the social discourses and relations that shape immigrants’ learning experiences, particularly their changing perceptions and practices and personal and professional investments. I contend that immigrants’ learning is produced through social processes of differentiation that naturalize immigrants as a secondary labour pool, which is dismissible and desirable at the same time. My investigation unfolds around four areas of learning. The first is related to immigrants’ self-marketing practices. I show that core to immigrants’ marketing strategies is to speak to the skill discourse or employers’ skill expectations at the “right” time and place. The skill discourse, I argue, is culturally-charged and class-based. It cloaks a complex of hiring relations where “skill” is discursively constructed and differentially invoked to preserve the privilege and power of the dominant group. The second area is immigrants’ work-related learning. I find that workplace training is part of the corporate agenda to organize work and manage workers. Amid this picture, workers’ opportunity to access corporate sponsorship for professional development is contingent on their membership within the engineering community. To expand their professional space, the immigrants resorted to learning and consolidating their knowledge in codes and standards, which serve as a textual organizer of engineering work. The third area is related to workplace communication. My participants reported an individualistic communication ‘culture’, which celebrates individual excellence and discourages close interpersonal relations. Such a perception, I argue, obscures the gender, race and class relations that privilege white and male power. It also leaves out the organizational relations, such as the project-based deployment of the engineering workforce that perpetuate individualistic communicative practices. My last area of investigation focuses on immigrants’ efforts to acquire Canadian credentials and professional licence. Their heavy learning loads direct my attention to the ideological and administrative licensure practices that valorize Canadian credentials and certificates to the exclusion of others.

My research studies immigrants’ learning experiences as socially organized practices. Informed by the sociocultural approach of learning and institutional ethnography, I treat learning as a material and relational phenomenon. I start by examining how fourteen Chinese immigrants learn to fit into the engineering market in Canada. I then trace the social discourses and relations that shape immigrants’ learning experiences, particularly their changing perceptions and practices and personal and professional investments. I contend that immigrants’ learning is produced through social processes of differentiation that naturalize immigrants as a secondary labour pool, which is dismissible and desirable at the same time. My investigation unfolds around four areas of learning. The first is related to immigrants’ self-marketing practices. I show that core to immigrants’ marketing strategies is to speak to the skill discourse or employers’ skill expectations at the “right” time and place. The skill discourse, I argue, is culturally-charged and class-based. It cloaks a complex of hiring relations where “skill” is discursively constructed and differentially invoked to preserve the privilege and power of the dominant group. The second area is immigrants’ work-related learning. I find that workplace training is part of the corporate agenda to organize work and manage workers. Amid this picture, workers’ opportunity to access corporate sponsorship for professional development is contingent on their membership within the engineering community. To expand their professional space, the immigrants resorted to learning and consolidating their knowledge in codes and standards, which serve as a textual organizer of engineering work. The third area is related to workplace communication. My participants reported an individualistic communication ‘culture’, which celebrates individual excellence and discourages close interpersonal relations. Such a perception, I argue, obscures the gender, race and class relations that privilege white and male power. It also leaves out the organizational relations, such as the project-based deployment of the engineering workforce that perpetuate individualistic communicative practices. My last area of investigation focuses on immigrants’ efforts to acquire Canadian credentials and professional licence. Their heavy learning loads direct my attention to the ideological and administrative licensure practices that valorize Canadian credentials and certificates to the exclusion of others.