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The research problem that this study sought to address stemmed from a lack of knowledge about South African organizations and a dearth of empirical, quantitative research into organizations, organization structure and organization climate in this country. Five research hypotheses were formulated to address this problem and its attendant subpriJblems. A comprehensive review of the related literature and research was c~trried out and Organization Theory was traced to its earliest beginnings. A number of schools hased on Max Weber's bureaucratic ideal type were described and contrasted. Much attention was paid to the work of the Aston group m the United Kingdom and to their efforts to operationalize Weberian concepts and to incorporate them into a replicable body of quantitative research. Points of departure were re-examined and some new twists to Systems Theory and Structural Functionalism were considered. It was established that the demographic characteristics of both the sample and the population were similar enough for the results of this study to be generalised to the population with some degree of confidence. Much care was taken to test and validate each of the scales that comprised the questionnaire, and item analyses and factor analyses were carried out for every variable and group of variables. The measures developed in other parts of the world and by other researchers performed very well in a South African setting - as did the measures developed specifically for this study. Statistical associations and causal relationships between the various sets of variables, both at the sector level and at individual industry subgroup level, were sought by means of multiple regression analyses. Broad support was found for a 'culture-free hypothesis' that there are a number of stable relationships between organizations and their context; and these relationships will be constant in direction and strength regardless of differences in structures, or in contexts of structures between societies. Importantly, there were also a number of significant differences between this study and the findings of other studies which reflected South Africa's unique blend of developed and developing cultures and value systems. These differences provide fertile ground for future research in the field of Organization Theory. / Business Management / DBL

Research in organizational identity as pioneered by Albert and Whetten (1985) provides that organizational identity is central, enduring and distinctive. As Gioia et al. (2013) put it, “what we know about organizational identity, including its dynamic aspects, is based on the study of organizations located within a single and uniform geographic market (U.S./European) and/or stable institutional environment (developed markets)” (p. 180). This study thus carries research in organizational identity forward by locating it at an integrated food manufacturing company, Feed Me Ventures Limited, in the non-western, developing country, Nigeria. As businesses expand globally, it becomes pertinent for global organizations and managers in organizations outside the West to become aware of possibly divergent forms of organizational identity and formation processes that may exist. Nigeria is a community faced with unstable and corrupt leadership, a volatile economy directly impacted by its own created as well as global instabilities as well as a culture that is very different from those of the communities in which organizational identity has traditionally been studied. To accomplish the goals of this study, an inductive analysis is conducted using ethnographic observation, document analysis and grounded theory interviewing. This method is deemed most appropriate as this is an exploratory study to find what organizational identity may look like in Nigeria. Findings provide that while the conceptualization of organizational identity in the literature hold true, the environment greatly affects organizational identity. The founder of Feed Me Ventures Limited had developed organizational identity in direct opposition to societal values thereby emphasizing the distinctiveness dimension of organizational identity more than would normally be expected. Also, there is an adaptational dimension to organizational identity at Feed Me Ventures Limited which allows it to adapt to different needs in the environment in order to survive and retain its core identity. This is similar to adaptive instability which is already established in the literature except that at Feed Me Ventures Limited, when new identity dimensions are adapted in reaction to the environment, these dimensions only serve to help the organization retain its core identity. Furthermore, the relationship between organizational identity claims and organizational identity understanding among organizational members revealed the existence of an organizational identity gap (OI gap). This refers to a situation where claims about “who we are” from senior management does not align with understanding of “who we are” by organizational members. Also interesting is that social constructionist views about organizational identity being developed through the interactions of organizational members is found to be true at Feed Me Ventures Limited where organizational members, in their social interactions, begin to form notions of “who we are” that are not derived from claims about “who we are” from management. This study concludes that it is important for organizational leaders to acknowledge environment variables, engage in organizational diagnosis to find OI gaps and consider further this concept of adaptation and how this might serve organizations in environments similar to Nigeria.

生產者服務業其有創新與改變技術的功能，亦有調節勞力分工擴張、加強組織內部關聯的作用，由於該等功能與作用對於生產力的提昇、就業機會的創造與貿易出口量的增加均具有重要意義，因此它被視為現代生產系統中重要的部門。本研究首先以Gemmell產業成長理論探討各台北都會區產業結構的變遷，證明服務業已然成為現代生產系統中重要的部門；再以產業感應度(sensibility)、影響度(dispersion)分析生產者服務業的產業關聯，證明生產者服務業以服務生產部門為主；爾後再以組織理論(organization theory)中彈性生產(flexible production)及勞力分工(labor division)兩個向度分析生產者服務業的成長及原因，證實生產者服務業能自我創造就業及創新技術獲致成長。其後再以區位商數及成長商數交叉分析生產者服務業在台北都會區的成熟度，顯示台北縣生產者服務業呈顯著的成長然未具輸出性，成熟度較台北市弱，但因接收台北市的廠商而擴張。繼之假設生產者服務業於空間分布受到其所服務的產業影響而分布，利用兩產業間密度斜率(density gradient)的牽動關係分析生產者服務業在空間移動的現象，藉以瞭解我國在生產者服務業所應有的產業區位政策。所得的結論有二：其一，生產者服務業興製造業分布呈現互斥的情況。另外，生產者服務業與人口分布呈現移動一致的現象，亦即生產者服務業與人口的分布，呈互補性顯著的情形。最後以生產者服務業內的國際貿易業為例，分析其路網結構(network concept)後證明該業的集中與台北都會區通訊便利性及聚集經濟不可分。 / Producer Services Industres have the functions of innovation and reformation skills, and the functions to regulate the extension of division of labor and strengthen internal organizational correlation. Since these functions are important for upgrading productivity, creating job opportunities and increasing quantity of export, they are regarded as a vital sector of modern production system. 　　First, this research tries to make use of Gemmell's Theory of Industrial Development to study the changes in the structure of industries. It shows that Services Sector has become an important sector of the whole modern production system. 　　Second, this research attempts to use industrial sensbility and dispersion to analyze the correlation of Producer Services Industries. It has proved that Service Sector is a major part of Producer Services Industries. 　　Third, this research employs two kinds of vector, such as flexible production from Organization Theory, and division of labor to analyze the development and factors of emergence of Producer Services Industry. It has proved that Producer Services Inustries can bring to creation of new jobs, innovation and development of skills. 　　Fourth, this research uses Location Quotient and Growth Quotient to crossexamine the degree of maturity of Producer Services Industries in Taipei Urban District. It has shown that Producer Services Industries in Taipei Hsian bears a distinct development but not in an output manner. The degree of maturity in Taipei Hsian is lesser than that of Taipei City. And Taipei Hsian can be expanded because of absorbing or attracting the holders of factories from Taipei City. 　　Fifth, this research assumes that in terms of spatial distribution, Producer Services Industries are distributed according to the influence of Industries served by Producer Services Industries. By means of the linking and relations of density gradients among industries, the phenomenon spatial movement can be illustrated. It can be regarded as a proper industrial district policy of Producer Services Industries. 　　Two points of conclusion can be made: 1) there is a repulsion for distribution between Producer Services Industry and Manufacturing Industry; 2) there is a phenomenon of concurrent movement between Producer Services Industries and distribution of population. It means that they have a distinct condition of mutual compenstaion. 　　Sixth, this research tries to make International Trade as an example of Producer services Industries, to analyze the network concept and prove that there are no any separations among concentration of this Industry, convenience of communication in Taipei Urban District and aggregate economy.

The research problem that this study sought to address stemmed from a lack of knowledge about South African organizations and a dearth of empirical, quantitative research into organizations, organization structure and organization climate in this country. Five research hypotheses were formulated to address this problem and its attendant subpriJblems. A comprehensive review of the related literature and research was c~trried out and Organization Theory was traced to its earliest beginnings. A number of schools hased on Max Weber's bureaucratic ideal type were described and contrasted. Much attention was paid to the work of the Aston group m the United Kingdom and to their efforts to operationalize Weberian concepts and to incorporate them into a replicable body of quantitative research. Points of departure were re-examined and some new twists to Systems Theory and Structural Functionalism were considered. It was established that the demographic characteristics of both the sample and the population were similar enough for the results of this study to be generalised to the population with some degree of confidence. Much care was taken to test and validate each of the scales that comprised the questionnaire, and item analyses and factor analyses were carried out for every variable and group of variables. The measures developed in other parts of the world and by other researchers performed very well in a South African setting - as did the measures developed specifically for this study. Statistical associations and causal relationships between the various sets of variables, both at the sector level and at individual industry subgroup level, were sought by means of multiple regression analyses. Broad support was found for a 'culture-free hypothesis' that there are a number of stable relationships between organizations and their context; and these relationships will be constant in direction and strength regardless of differences in structures, or in contexts of structures between societies. Importantly, there were also a number of significant differences between this study and the findings of other studies which reflected South Africa's unique blend of developed and developing cultures and value systems. These differences provide fertile ground for future research in the field of Organization Theory. / Business Management / DBL

No description available.