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No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese- Robertha Augusta Vasconcelos Garcia - 2009.pdf: 2415126 bytes, checksum: 9b586c8248beb55e79f44e19660ab318 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / From the 50 described species of the Phaseolus genera, Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) is the most cultivated in the world and occupies 85% of the total production area. Brazil has an outstanding position in the world scenario and is considered the main grower, contributing with 17.58% of total production in an area estimated in 4.01 million hectares. Among grain legumes, common bean is the most important for direct human consumption, representing an important source of protein, amino-acids and minerals in the diet of Brazilian population. Breeding programs have searched for ways to increase productivity and simultaneously enhance its nutritional value and decrease the cooking time. The demand on the use of molecular tools has increased in the past few years, aiming to generate information that can be used in genetic breeding programs. This work presents two studies that were conducted from the development of a set of microsatellite markers derived from expressed sequences and genomic libraries. In the first study EST-SSR markers developed with a set of genomic SSR were evaluated for their amplification quality, transferability, genic information content and polymorphism in the Bat 93 x Jalo EEP558 population study. A total of markers 377 EST-SRR were developed, from which 80% showed PCR amplification products. For the transferability analysis 65 EST-SSR and an additional set of 102 genomic SSR were selected, from which 82% were transferred to, at least, one of the 10 legume species evaluated, where the higher amplification rate was observed between species from the Phaseolus genera (63.67%) and the lower was observed for the Arachis (1.8%). In the characterization of 167 SSR, 72% were polymorphic and the mean estimated PIC varied from 0.53 for genomic SSR to 0.47 to EST-SSR. The analysis of polymorphism in the BJ population revealed that from the 315 markers (302 EST - SSR and 13 genomic), 24% were polymorphic and incorporated to the common bean reference map, totalizing 180 mapped loci with a total map distance of 1154.63cM. The second study presents the construction of a genetic map using a population derived from the cross CNFM 7875 x Laranja, where 132 families were obtained and evaluated in three generations, three locations and four experiments where the genotypic data were obtained. A set of 1,034 SSR loci were tested for polymorphism and 105 (10%) were polymorphic and 93 were mapped on 12 linkage groups with a total map length of 1,369.9cM. The analysis of the phenotypic data indicated that the families show great variability for cooking time. The coefficients of heritability between the means varied between 42.89% and 62.85%. QTL mapping was performed using composite interval mapping and eight regions were associated to the control of this trait, varying from 2 to 4 QTL in generations F2:3 e F2:5, respectively. Significant interactions were observed between QTL and locations, but one QTL was stable between generations conducted in the same environment. The proportion of the phenotypic variation explained by the QTL varied from 3.35% to 21.77%. / Das 50 espécies do gênero Phaseolus descritas, a espécie Phaseolus vulgaris (feijoeiro comum) é a mais cultivada no mundo, ocupando 85% da área total de produção. O Brasil ocupa posição de destaque, sendo o maior produtor mundial, contribuindo com 17,58% da produção total, com área de cultivo estimada em 4,01 milhões de ha. Dentre os legumes de grãos, o feijoeiro comum é o mais importante para o consumo direto humano em todos os continentes, representando uma importante fonte de proteínas, aminoácidos e minerais na dieta alimentar da população brasileira. Programas de melhoramento têm buscado meios de aumentar a produtividade de grãos, aliado a um incremento no valor nutricional e ao atendimento às exigências do consumidor, como a maior facilidade no preparo do alimento. A demanda pelo uso de ferramentas moleculares tem aumentado nos últimos anos visando gerar informações que possam ser agregadas aos programas de melhoramento genético. Esse trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de dois estudos que foram conduzidos a partir do desenvolvimento de uma bateria de marcadores microssatélites derivados de seqüências expressas e bibliotecas genômicas. No primeiro estudo, os marcadores EST-SSR desenvolvidos, juntamente com um conjunto de SSRs genômicos, foram avaliados quanto à capacidade de amplificação, transferibilidade, conteúdo de informação gênica e polimorfismo na população Bat 93 x Jalo EEP558 (BJ) para fins de mapeamento. Foram sintetizados 377 EST-SSR, dos quais 80% amplificaram produto de PCR. Para a análise de transferibilidade, foram selecionados 65 EST-SSR e um conjunto adicional de 102 SSR genômicos, dos quais 82% foram transferíveis para, pelo menos, uma das 10 espécies de leguminosas avaliadas, onde o maior índice de amplificação foi observado entre as espécies do gênero Phaseolus (63,67%) e o menor para Arachis (1,8%). Na análise de caracterização dos 167 SSR, 72% foram polimórficos e as estimativas de PIC médio variaram de 0,53 para os SSRs genômicos a 0,47 para os EST-SSR. Quanto ao polimorfismo na população BJ, dos 315 testados (302 EST-SSR e 13 genômicos), 24% foram polimórficos e integrados no mapa de referência da cultura do feijoeiro comum, totalizando 180 locos mapeados, compreendendo uma distância total de mapa de 1154,63 cM. O segundo trabalho apresenta a construção de um mapa genético utilizando uma população derivada do cruzamento CNFM7875 x Laranja, onde foram geradas 132 famílias que foram avaliadas em três gerações e em quatro ambientes dos quais foram obtidos os dados fenotípicos. Uma bateria de 1.034 locos SSR foram avaliados quanto ao polimorfismo, onde apenas 105 (10%) segregaram e 93 foram mapeados em 12 grupos de ligação, com uma extensão final de mapa de 1.369,9 cM. A análise dos dados fenotípicos indicou que as famílias são amplamente variáveis para o tempo de cocção, apresentando coeficientes de herdabilidade no sentido amplo, que variaram de 42,89% a 62,85%. O mapeamento de QTL, utilizando o método de intervalo composto, identificou oito regiões associadas ao controle dessa característica, variando de 2 a 4 QTL na gerações F2:3 e F2:5. Foram observadas interações significativas entre QTL por locais. Porém, foi identificado um (1) QTL estável entre gerações conduzidas em um mesmo ambientes. A proporção da variação fenotípica explicada pelos QTL detectados variou de 3,35% até 21,77%.

Le but cette thèse était d’explorer l’influence du niveau d’activité physique et du niveau de performance physique sur la densité minérale osseuse, la géométrie osseuse de la hanche et le score de l’os trabéculaire chez de jeunes hommes en surpoids et obèses. Trois principales études ont été menées. Une première étude a montré que la pratique d’activités physiques a un effet positif sur le CMO, la DMO et la section transversale du col fémoral chez les hommes en surcharge pondérale. Une deuxième étude a suggéré que le niveau d’activité physique influence positivement les paramètres osseux chez les hommes en surpoids et obèses et que l’optimisation de la masse maigre, de la VO2 max (L/min) et de la force maximale des membres inférieurs peut aider à prévenir l’ostéoporose chez les hommes en surpoids et obèses. Enfin, une dernière étude, a été la première à démontrer une relation positive entre la VO2 max (ml/mn/kg) et les indices de résistance osseuse du col fémoral (le CSI, le BSI et l’ISI) chez les jeunes hommes en surpoids et obèses et a donc suggéré que l’augmentation de la VO2 max chez les hommes en surpoids et obèses pourrait aider à réduire les fractures stéoporotiques. Ces différents résultats suggèrent une adaptation ostéogénique significative des jeunes hommes en surpoids et obèses en réponse à l’entrainement physique. / The aim of this thesis was to explore the influence of physical activity level and physical performance on bone mineral density, hip geometry and trabecular bone score in young overweight and obese men. Three main studies have been conducted. The first study has shown that physical activity practice has a positive effect on BMC, BMD and femoral neck crosssectional area in overweight men. The second study has shown that physical activity level positively affects bone variables in overweight/obese men and that increasing lean mass, VO2 max (L/min) and muscular strength of the lower limbs can help to prevent osteoporosis in overweight and obese men. Finally, the last study, was the first to show positive associations between maximal oxygen consumption (milliliter per minute per kilogram) and composite indices of FN strength (CSI, BSI and ISI) in young overweight and obese men and therefore suggested that enhancing VO2 max in overweight and obese men may help to reduce osteoporotic fractures. These different results suggest a significant osteogenic adaptation in young overweight and obese men in response to physical training.

La fotónica de silicio es una de las tecnologías con más auge en las últimas dos décadas. Es por ello que el estudio y desarrollo de circuitos integrados fotónicos ha tenido una importante presencia en la investigación de nuevos componentes y dispositivos para la mejora de prestaciones en sistemas de comunicaciones ópticos. Una de las principales ventajas de la fotónica de silicio es su compatibilidad con la tecnología electrónica CMOS, la cual la convierte en una plataforma prometedora para la fabricación en masa a bajo coste. El tamaño reducido de las estructuras fotónicas y las bajas pérdidas alcanzadas en guías de onda nanométricas ha permitido el desarrollo de dispositivos con una alta densidad de integración. De igual manera, se han demostrado moduladores ópticos de alta velocidad y fotodetectores altamente eficientes. Sin embargo, el desarrollo de la fuente de luz o láser, elemento indispensable en cualquier sistema de comunicaciones óptico, no es posible debido al "bandgap" indirecto del silicio. Por lo cual, otros materiales de "bandgap" directo se han estudiado y propuesto para conseguir integrar un láser sobre el chip de silicio con emisión en las bandas O y C. El principal desafío radica en alcanzar el régimen de emisión estimulada coherente por medio de un bombeo eléctrico y de forma eficiente. Para ello se han propuesto varios esquemas de integración. La integración monolítica aborda la fabricación del láser directamente en el chip. Por otra parte, la integración híbrida consiste en la fabricación del láser por separado para luego ser integrado en el chip, siendo este esquema con el que mejores resultados se han conseguido. De esta manera, el principal objetivo de la tesis ha sido el desarrollo de un láser de cavidad externa por medio de un esquema de integración híbrida y con funcionamiento en la banda O. Los distintos bloques básicos se han analizado, diseñado, fabricado y demostrado experimentalmente. Finalmente, se ha llevado a cabo la integración con el medio de ganancia demostrándose satisfactoriamente emisión estimulada y funcionamiento monomodo. Además, en la tesis se ha abordado también el acoplamiento a estructuras de guiado tipo ranura, las cuales han sido propuestas en esquemas de integración monolítica. / La fotònica de silici és una de les tecnologies amb més auge en les últimes dues dècades. És per això que l'estudi i desenvolupament de circuits integrats fotònics ha tingut una important presència a la investigació de nous components i dispositius per a la millora de prestacions en sistemes de comunicacions òptics. Una de les principals avantatges de la fotònica de silici és la seva compatibilitat amb la tecnologia electrònica CMOS, la qual la converteix en una plataforma prometedora per a la fabricació en massa a baix cost. La mida reduïda de les estructures fotòniques i les baixes pèrdues assolides en guies d'ona nanomètriques ha permès el desenvolupament de dispositius amb una alta densitat d'integració. De la mateixa manera, s'han demostrat moduladors òptics d'alta velocitat i fotodetectors altament eficients. No obstant això, el desenvolupament de la font de llum o làser, element indispensable en qualsevol sistema de comunicacions òptic, no és possible a causa del "bandgap" indirecte del silici. Per la qual cosa, altres materials de "bandgap" directe s'han estudiat i proposat per aconseguir integrar un làser sobre el xip de silici amb emissió en les bandes O i C. El principal desafiament rau a aconseguir el règim d'emissió estimulada coherent per mitjà de un bombament elèctric i de forma eficient. Per a això s'han proposat diversos esquemes d'integració. La integració monolítica aborda la fabricació del làser directament en el xip. D'altra banda, la integració híbrida consisteix en la fabricació del làser per separat per després ser integrat en el xip, sent aquest esquema amb el que millors resultats s'han aconseguit. D'aquesta manera, el principal objectiu de la tesi ha sigut el desenvolupament d'un làser de cavitat externa per mitjà d'un esquema d'integració híbrida i amb funcionament a la banda O. Els diferents blocs bàsics s'han analitzat, dissenyat, fabricat i demostrat experimentalment. Finalment, s'ha dut a terme la integració amb el medi de guany demostrant satisfactòriament emissió estimulada i funcionament monomode. A més, en la tesi s'ha abordat també l'acoblament a estructures de guiatge tipus ranura, les quals han estat proposades en esquemes d'integració monolítica. / Silicon photonics is one of the technologies that has raised a higher interest during the last two decades. Therefore, the development of photonic integrated circuits has had an important presence in the research of new components and devices for the improvement of performance in optical communication systems. One of the main advantages of silicon photonics is its compatibility with CMOS electronic technology, which makes it a promising platform for mass production at low cost. The reduced size of photonic structures and the low propagation losses achieved in nanometric photonic waveguides has allowed the development of devices with a high density of integration. Similarly, high-speed optical modulators and highly efficient photodetectors have been demonstrated. However, the development of the light source or laser, an indispensable element in any optical communication system, is not possible due to the indirect bandgap of silicon. Therefore, other direct bandgap materials have been studied and proposed to integrate a laser on the silicon chip with emission in the O and C bands. The main challenge lies in reaching the coherent stimulated emission regime by means of an electric pump and in an efficient way. For this, several integration schemes have been proposed. Monolithic integration deals with the fabrication of the laser directly on the chip. On the other hand, hybrid integration consists in the fabrication of the laser separately to later be integrated into the chip. The best results have been achieved by means of this approach. Therefore, the main goal of the thesis has been the development of an external cavity laser by means of a hybrid integration scheme and with operation in the O-band. The different basic building blocks have been analyzed, designed, fabricated and experimentally demonstrated. Finally, the integration with the active material has been carried out, successfully demonstrating stimulated emission and single-mode operation. In addition, the thesis has also addressed the coupling to slow waveguide guidance structures, which have been proposed in monolithic integration schemes. / Larrea Luzuriaga, RA. (2018). Dispositivos emisores de luz para transmisión óptica de alta velocidad [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/114827 / TESIS

Powering spacecraft with electric propulsion is becoming more common, especially in CubeSat-class satellites. On account of the risk of spacecraft interactions, it is important to have robust analysis and modeling tools of electric propulsion engines, particularly of the plasma plume. The Navier-Stokes equations used in classic continuum computational fluid dynamics do not apply to the rarefied plasma, and therefore another method must be used to model the flow. A good solution is to use the DSMC method, which uses a combination of particle modeling and statistical methods for modeling the simulated molecules. A DSMC simulation known as SINATRA has been developed with the goal to model electric propulsion plumes. SINATRA uses an octree mesh, is written in C++, and is designed to be expanded by further research. SINATRA has been initially validated through several tests and comparisons to theoretical data and other DSMC models. This thesis examines expanding the functionality of SINATRA to simulate charged particles and make SINATRA a DSMC-PIC hybrid. The electric potential is calculated through a 7-point 3D stencil on the mesh nodes and solved with a Gauss-Seidel solver. It is validated through test cases of charged particles to demonstrate the accuracy and capabilities of the model. An ambipolar diffusion test case is compared to a neutral diffusion case and the electric field is shown to stabilize the diffusion rate. A steady state flow test case shows the simulation is able to stabilize and solve the electric potential for a plume-like scenario. It includes additional features to simplify further research including a comprehensive user manual, industry-standard version control, text file inputs, GUI control, and simple parallelism of the simulation. Compilation and execution are standardized to be simple and platform independent to allow longevity of the code base. Finally, the execution bottlenecks of linking particles to cells and particle moving were removed to reduce the simulation time by 95%.

In the productive operation any kind of plant is undesirable due to failure of system that all production has been stopped. Therefore, different security and backup devices that covered those failures are being developed and used.   This thesis describes vulnerabilities in the real operation which are important for treatment and reduce the risk of failure in the whole production. Here is analyzed problem dispatching computer failure and its solution using a module for covering failure. The function of module consists in backup during failure, their sending and treating them after system failure removal.  Gradually described, there is an analysis of the system and place the module into their architecture. After all details follow description of module development from design through implementation to deployment and testing in reality.

This thesis describes the design of portable multi-purpose measuring device with Microcontrollers from Microchip running on battery power, for displaying the measured signal uses a graphical LCD with a resolution of 240x128. The device is equipped with an oscilloscope and multimeter with auto range.

This thesis describes the design and implementation of extension of laboratory training model PIC Edu Kit. It is about set of wireless sensors. These sonsors have to measure temperature and deformation. Mesure of temperature was realized by temperature resistive sensor Pt100 and deformation by resistive tenzometr. These wireless moduls comunication on protocol Wi-Fi. In this work is introduced propose of measuring dictucts for measure of temperautre and deformation. There is evidenced their realization, showed software for receiving dates on PC and programme for the microcontroler.

Vi lever idag i ett samhälle där digitala verktyg är en del av barn och ungdomars vardag. Teknikens utveckling har idag resulterat i ett flertal möjligheter för skolor att integrera digitala läromedel i matematikundervisningen för att på så sätt effektivisera elevernas lärande. I ämnet matematik och specifikt i problemlösningsundervisning har det rapporterats av lärare att användningen av digitala läromedel är förhållandevis låg.  Denna studie syftade till att undersöka huruvida det problemlösningsmaterial som erbjuds genom digitala läromedel, möter det som lärarna efterfrågar till sin matematikundervisning i årskurs 1–3. Vidare undersöktes på vilket sätt digitala läromedel används i problemlösningsundervisningen samt hur lärare upplever att de digitala läromedlen påverkar elevers lärande. Studiens syfte har därmed besvarats genom kvalitativa intervjuer med verksamma lärare i årskurs 1–3 vilket därefter har analyserats och diskuterats med hjälp av ett teoretiskt ramverk.  Utifrån ramverket PIC-RAT påvisade resultaten hur lärare använder de digitala läromedlen delvis på ett förstärkande sätt, då de oftast används som variation i undervisningen samt vid genomgångar och mängdträning i form av lärospel. De digitala läromedlen används även interaktivt då eleverna endast interagerar med det digitala verktyget. Genom det interaktiva arbetet med det digitala blir eleverna således passiva med sina klasskompisar, något som lärarna i denna studie misstycker. Resultatet av denna studie påvisade att det problemlösningsmaterial som förekommer i de digitala läromedlen, inte möter det som respondenterna önskar. Lärarna anser därmed att innehållet bör utvecklas så att en mer kreativ undervisning kan utföras. / Today we live in a society where digital tools are a part of children’s and young people’s everyday life. The current development of technology has provided opportunities for schools to integrate digital teaching materials into mathematics teaching in order to make learning more efficient. In mathematics, particularly with problem solving, teachers have reported infrequent use of digital aids.   This study aimed to examine whether the problem solving material offered through digital teaching aids, meets teachers’ needs for their mathematics teaching in grades 1–3. Furthermore, this study also investigated how digital teaching aids are used in problem solving teaching as well as how teachers think digital teaching materials affect student learning.  Based on the framework PIC-RAT, the results showed how teachers use digital teaching aids in a reinforcing way, as they are most often used as variation in teaching in reviews and practicing basic skills through educational games. The digital teaching aids are also used interactively, as students only interact with the digital tools. However, the students become passive with their classmates when working interactively with digital tools, which teachers in this study disapprove of. The results of this study showed that the problem solving material that appears in the digital teaching materials does not live up to the respondent’s needs. The teachers thus believe that the content should be developed to support more creative teaching methods.

We present a. survey of high dispersion UV and optical spectra of Herbig Ae/Be (HAeBe) and related stars. We find accreting, circumstellar gas over the velocity range +100 to +400 km s-1, and absorption profiles similar to those seen toward β Pic, in 36% of the 33 HAeBe stars with IUE data as well as in 3 non-emission B stars. We also find evidence of accretion in 7 HAeBe stars with optical data only. Line profile variability appears ubiquitous. As a group, the stars with accreting gas signatures have higher ν sin i than the stars with outflowing material, and tend to exhibit large amplitude (≥ 1m) optical light variations. All of the program stars with polarimetric variations that are anti-correlated with the optical light, previously interpreted as the signature of a dust disk viewed close to equator-on, also show spectral signatures of accreting gas. These data imply that accretion activity in HAeBe stars is preferentially observed when the line of sight transits the circumstellar dust disk. Our data imply that the spectroscopic signatures of accreting circumstellar material seen in β Pic are not unique to that object, but instead are consistent with interpretation of β Pic as a comparatively young A star with its associated circumstellar disk.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第23222号 / 工博第4866号 / 新制||工||1759(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科高分子化学専攻 / (主査)教授 秋吉 一成, 教授 大内 誠, 准教授 松岡 秀樹 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM