The pivot tables is one of the most effective metric access method optimized for a number of distance computations in similarity search. In this work the new modification of the pivot tables method was proposed that is besides distance computations optimized also for a number of I/O operations. Proposed Clustered pivot tables method is indexing clusters of similar objects that were created by another metric access method - the M-tree. The indexing of clustered objects has a positive effect for searching within indexed database. Whereas the clusters are paged in second memory, page containing such cluster, which do not satisfy particular query, is not accessed in second memory at all. Non-relevant objects, that are out of the query range, are not loaded into memory, what has the effect of decreasing number of I/O operations and total volume of transferred data. The correctness of proposed approach was experimentally proved and experimental results of proposed method was compared to selected metric access methods.

Em sistemas de irrigação por pivô central, a eficiência de aplicação em campo esta diretamente relacionada com a uniformidade de distribuição, afetando a economia de energia, num manejo adequado da irrigação. Foram utilizados dados de lâmina aplicada, lâmina média, vazão e comprimento de um pivô central, da região de Guaíra SP, através de uma avaliação de desempenho. Foram simuladas lâminas de água aplicadas para valores de 70%, 73%, 75%, 78%, 80%, 83%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 93% 95% e 98% do coeficiente de uniformidade de Christiansen (CUC), mantendo-se constante o valor da lâmina média e conseqüentemente a vazão. As receitas líquidas obtidas com essas distribuições de água foram comparadas utilizando-se cinco preços do feijão: R$1,75, R$2,00, R$2,25, R$2,50, R$2,75, R$3,00 e R$3,25 kg-1e, de igual forma, para cinco custos por consumo da água: R$ 0,01, R$ 0,02, R$ 0,03, R$ 0,04, e R$ 0,05m-3. Os resultados foram analisados considerando-se irrigação total e suplementar de 50% e 75%, nos períodos seco e úmido. A partir dos dados obtidos nas simulações verificouse que os maiores coeficientes de uniformidade proporcionam maior receita líquida e maior economia de energia para os maiores preços do produto. As irrigações suplementares possibilitaram maiores lucros e maiores economia de energia, especialmente para irrigações realizadas no período úmido / In irrigation systems by center pivot, the efficiency of applying in field is directly related to distribution uniformity, influencing in energy saving inside an appropriate irrigation management program. Were used data from applied layer, average layer, flow, and central pivot length, from Guairá SP, determined by IDE (1989) by a performance assessment. By simulation of collected layers values of 70%, 73%, 75%, 78%, 80%, 83%, 85%, 88%, 90%, 93% 95% and 98% were obtained from the Christiansen (CUC) Uniformity Coefficiency, keeping constant the average layer value and consequently the same flow. The obtained net income from those water distributions were compared using five beans prices in Brazilian currency R$1,75, R$2,00, R$2,25, R$2,50, R$2,75, R$3,00 and R$3,25 kg-1 and the same way, for five water consume costs: R$ 0,01, R$ 0,02, R$ 0,03, R$ 0,04, and R$ 0,05m-3. The outcomes were analyzed considering the supplementary and total irrigation of 50% an 75% in humid and dry seasons. From obtained data by simulations were verified that the higher uniformity coefficiencies give higher liquid recipe and greater energy saving related to higher products prices. Supplementary irrigation gives the possibility of higher profit and greater energy saving, especially when made in the humid season

A crescente busca por tecnologias com melhor desempenho energético faz com que a engenharia da irrigação desenvolva emissores que apresentem coeficientes de descarga mais elevados. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar os coeficientes de descarga dos emissores comerciais (Senninger, Nelson e Fabrimar), utilizados em sistema de irrigação pivô central, visando desenvolver equações de regressão para cálculo do Cd, de acordo com o diâmetro do bocal e a pressão de serviço dos emissores, assim como comparar o dimensionamento hidráulico destes sistemas de irrigação com base no Cd médio e no Cd específico de cada diâmetro de bocal. Os ensaios foram realizados no Laboratório de Irrigação do Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas da ESALQ, Universidade de São Paulo, seguindo o padrão de pressão utilizado na comercialização destes emissores (PSI). Foram avaliados 45 bocais Senninger, 42 bocais Nelson e 36 bocais Fabrimar, de diferentes diâmetros nominais, compreendidos entre 1/16 e 13/32 (1,59 e 10,32 mm), com três repetições, totalizando 369 bocais ensaiados. As pressões de operação variaram entre a faixa de 6 a 30 PSI (41,37 a 206,84 kPa), com intervalos de leituras a cada 2 PSI (13,79 kPa), totalizando 13 pressões analisadas por bocal. Foram ajustadas as curvas do coeficiente de descarga em função do diâmetro do bocal, para quatro pressões de operação 10, 15, 20, e 30 PSI (68,95, 103,42, 137,90 e 206,84 kPa). Utilizaram-se dois manômetros de precisão (analógico e digital) previamente calibrados em um manômetro de peso morto. As vazões foram obtidas utilizando-se três medidores eletromagnético-indutivos calibrados em recipiente volumétrico. O diâmetro dos bocais foi mensurado por meio de uma ampliação em projetor de perfil. Os resultados evidenciam que o coeficiente de descarga varia em função do diâmetro do bocal, da pressão de operação e do ângulo de convergência (fator construtivo). Nos ensaios conduzidos, obtiveram-se valores de Cd compreendidos na faixa de 0,88 a 0,98 para a faixa de emissores analisados. O coeficiente de uniformidade de distribuição não se diferenciou entre os sistemas hidráulicos dimensionados com Cd médio e especifico para cada diâmetro de bocal. / The necessity for more energy efficient technologies makes the engineering of irrigation develop emitters with higher discharge coefficients. This study aimed to determine the discharge coefficients of commercial emitters (Senninger, Nelson and Fabrimar) used in center pivot irrigation system, in order to develop regression equations to calculate the Cd, of according to the diameter of the nozzle and pressure service of the emitters, and compare the hydraulic design of this irrigation system based on the average Cd and Cd specific nozzles for each nozzle diameter. The tests were carried out at the Irrigation Department of Biosystems Engineering, ESALQ, University of Sao Paulo, following the standards of the American unit system. It was evaluated a set of 45 Senninger nozzles, 42 Nelson nozzles and 36 Fabrimar nozzles, of different nominal diameters, ranging from 1/16\" to 13/32\" (1.59 and 10.32 mm) with three replications, totalizing 369 nozzles tested. The operation pressures ranged from 6 to 30 psi (41,37 a 206,84 kPa), at intervals of 2 psi (13,79 kPa), totalizing 13 pressures for nozzle. Curves were drawn for the discharge coefficient as a function of nozzle size for four operating pressures 10, 15, 20, e 30 psi (68,95, 103,42, 137,90 e 206,84 kPa) and for each manufacturer. It was used two precision pressure gauges (analogue and digital) calibrated agaisnt a dead weight gauge. Flow rates were obtained using three inductive electromagnetic gauges calibrated with volumetric readings. Nozzle diameters were measured using a profile projector model Starrett HB 400. The results evidence that the discharge coefficient varies with the diameter of the nozzle, the operation pressure and the convergence angle (constructive factor). The trials resulted Cds included in the range from 0.88 to 0.98, range for the analyzed issuers. The CUC was not different between the hydraulic systems with Cd designs considering medium and specific Cd for each nozzle.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T19:24:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paula Cristina de Souza.pdf: 930507 bytes, checksum: 62b3bda0715d30efee22ea361d0b5c26 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-06-23 / Considering the importance of the evaluation of irrigation systems by central pivot with objective of determining its operational characteristics and its correct handling, the present work had as objective the elaboration of the proPIVÔ program, for Windows environment, in Visual language, which helps technicians to obtain efficiency values, in potential, of application and uniformity coefficients for irrigation systems by central pivot, and also determines the uniformity of distribution of chemical products applied by irrigation water tract. Besides, this program constitutes a didactic resource, due to the simplicity of its use, the several alternatives of data manipulation and the graphs and maps which can be obtained. The program uses an Access data base to store the rehearsals/tests, it calculates values of Heermann uniformity coefficient and Evans interpolated coefficient, generating graphs, space maps and reports. / Considerando a importância da avaliação de sistemas de irrigação por pivô central, para determinar suas características operacionais e seu correto manejo, o presente trabalho estabeleceu como objetivo elaborar o programa proPIVÔ, para ambiente Windows, em linguagem Visual Basic, que auxilia técnicos na obtenção de valores de eficiência, em potencial, de aplicação e coeficientes de uniformidade para sistemas de irrigação por pivô central, e determina também a uniformidade de distribuição de produtos químicos aplicados via água de irrigação. Além disso, o programa constitui um recurso didático, dada a simplicidade do seu uso, as inúmeras alternativas de manipulação de dados e os gráficos e mapas que podem ser obtidos. O programa utiliza uma base de dados Access para armazenar as informações dos ensaios, calcula valores de coeficiente de uniformidade de Heermann e o coeficiente interpolado de Evans, gerando gráficos, mapas espaciais e relatórios.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T14:48:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paula Cristina de Souza.pdf: 930507 bytes, checksum: 62b3bda0715d30efee22ea361d0b5c26 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-06-23 / Considering the importance of the evaluation of irrigation systems by central pivot with objective of determining its operational characteristics and its correct handling, the present work had as objective the elaboration of the proPIVÔ program, for Windows environment, in Visual language, which helps technicians to obtain efficiency values, in potential, of application and uniformity coefficients for irrigation systems by central pivot, and also determines the uniformity of distribution of chemical products applied by irrigation water tract. Besides, this program constitutes a didactic resource, due to the simplicity of its use, the several alternatives of data manipulation and the graphs and maps which can be obtained. The program uses an Access data base to store the rehearsals/tests, it calculates values of Heermann uniformity coefficient and Evans interpolated coefficient, generating graphs, space maps and reports. / Considerando a importância da avaliação de sistemas de irrigação por pivô central, para determinar suas características operacionais e seu correto manejo, o presente trabalho estabeleceu como objetivo elaborar o programa proPIVÔ, para ambiente Windows, em linguagem Visual Basic, que auxilia técnicos na obtenção de valores de eficiência, em potencial, de aplicação e coeficientes de uniformidade para sistemas de irrigação por pivô central, e determina também a uniformidade de distribuição de produtos químicos aplicados via água de irrigação. Além disso, o programa constitui um recurso didático, dada a simplicidade do seu uso, as inúmeras alternativas de manipulação de dados e os gráficos e mapas que podem ser obtidos. O programa utiliza uma base de dados Access para armazenar as informações dos ensaios, calcula valores de coeficiente de uniformidade de Heermann e o coeficiente interpolado de Evans, gerando gráficos, mapas espaciais e relatórios.

Cette thèse porte sur la constitution d'un corpus parallèle multilingue (JRC-Acquis) et son application à l'amélioration de l'alignement et de la traduction statistique par triangulation, processus de traduction d'une langue source vers une langue cible par le biais d'une langue tierce. Dans ce cadre, nous avons développé des approches basées sur l'utilisation de corpus parallèles multilingues alignés au niveau des phrases dans plusieurs langues dites ‘pivots'. Les deux méthodes principales proposées par notre étude permettent de générer un modèle de traduction par combinaison de plusieurs systèmes créés pour différentes langues pivots. Nous démontrons ainsi que des textes parallèles multilingues en vingt-deux langues peuvent améliorer sensiblement la traduction automatique.

La coédition d'un texte en langue naturelle et de sa représentation dans une forme interlingue semble le seul moyen de partager la révision du texte vers plusieurs langues. Pour diverses raisons, les graphes UNL sont les meilleurs candidats dans ce contexte. Nous développons un prototype où, dans le scénario avec partage le plus simple, des utilisateurs "naïfs" interagissent directement avec le texte dans leur langue (L0), et indirectement avec le graphe associé. Le graphe modifié est ensuite envoyé au déconvertisseur UNL-L0 et le résultat est affiché. S'il est satisfaisant, les erreurs étaient probablement dues au graphe et non au déconvertisseur, et le graphe est envoyé aux déconvertisseurs vers d'autres langues. Les versions dans certaines autres langues connues de l'utilisateur peuvent être affichées, de sorte que le partage de l'amélioration soit visible et encourageant. Comme les nouvelles versions sont ajoutées dans le document multilingue original avec des balises et des attributs appropriés, rien n'est jamais perdu, et le travail coopératif sur un même document est rendu possible. Du côté interne, des liaisons sont établies entre des éléments du texte et du graphe en utilisant des ressources largement disponibles comme un dictionnaire L0-anglais, ou mieux L0-UNL, un analyseur morphosyntaxique de L0, et une transformation canonique de graphe UNL à arbre. On peut établir une "meilleure" correspondance entre "l'arbre-UNL+L0" et la "structure MS-L0", une treille, en utilisant le dictionnaire et en cherchant à aligner l'arbre et une trajectoire avec aussi peu que possible de croisements de liaisons. Un but central de cette recherche est de fusionner les approches de la TA par pivot, de la TA interactive, et de la génération multilingue de texte.

本研究以美國歐巴馬政府之「重返亞太」戰略，以及美國於亞太地區所倡導「太平洋經濟合作協議」──TPP為研究標的，並以國家利益理論為研究理論基礎，分析美國面對亞太地區經濟力的強勁成長，以及中國大陸以飛奔之勢成為世界第二大經濟體，美國基於國家利益而開始主導TPP之成立與運作。在這過程之中，美國與中國之戰略如何運用?而台灣在國民黨與民進黨兩大黨都支持加入TPP的情況下，台灣加入TPP之途，到底可能面對那些中國與美國的戰略運用?台灣加入TPP之利與弊各有那些?本研究以以歷史研究法、文獻分析法為研究方法，經由所得文獻之整理、分析、歸納，提出本研究之研究成果有三項: 一、中國國力提升將拉高台灣進入TPP的機會 隨著中國國力提升，美國對中國的「圍堵」，將更加緊繃嚴密，台灣角色必然也會越來越突顯，在美國強力圍堵的戰略運作下，台灣進入TPP之機會越來越高。 二、 海島型經濟特色的台灣，向區域開放市場，是台灣唯一的選擇 台灣海島型經濟，產業大幅仰賴出口，目前中國大陸又是台灣主要出口的地區，面對市場主要對手如南韓、日本已積極簽署FTA，台灣必須積極投入，才不致被邊緣化，中國大陸市場也才不會被對手所取代。 三、TPP與FTA是全球化趨勢下的必然結果 在各式區域經貿協議之中，施行零關稅及強調非關稅的壁壘，簡化文書作業及海關程序，更是打破國與國之間疆，使得關稅制度保護本土產品的制度設計初衷，不復存在，如此強者愈強，弱者愈弱，區域經濟形成一種M型化的競爭態勢。 / This thesis focuses on strategy of U.S. Pivot to Asia Pacific region and the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) with the theory of state interest to analyze how the U.S. manages the establishment and operation of TPP on the consideration of the strong economic growth of Asia-Pacific region and the status of rising China as the second largest economic entity around the world. During the process, what is the strategy of the U.S. and China? On the other hand, under the domestic support of two major parties in Taiwan to join TPP, Kuomintang (KMT) and Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), on the way to join TPP, what diplomatic strategies will Taiwan confront when it deals with China and the U.S.? In other words, what are the pros and cons for Taiwan to join TPP? Based on historical analysis, document analysis, this thesis found three major findings: 1. The increase of power of Rising China will enhance the opportunity of Taiwan to join TPP As China’s state power increases, the U.S. will adopt much more serious “Containment” strategies. Under this circumstance, the role of Taiwan will become much more important. Therefore, under the intense U.S. containment strategies, the opportunities for Taiwan to join TPP will become higher. 2. Open market to the region is the choice for sea-island economic Taiwan Taiwan belongs to sea-island economic, which relies on export on the development of industry, and China becomes the major export partner of Taiwan. Facing the challenge of South Korea and Japan which have signed FTA with China, Taiwan has to engage in a more active way to the open market to avoid isolation on the competition of Chinese market. 3. TPP and FTA are the definite result of globalization Among all kinds of regional agreements, zero tax barrier and simplification of administration process on document and custom examination are the keys to break the obstacle between country and country. Moreover, by doing so countries could break the limitation on protecting the local products, which further fosters the M shape competition among the regional economic development between the strong and weak countries.

Aujourd’hui, la responsabilité sociale des entreprises (RSE) représente une préoccupation majeure pour les entreprises qui doivent intégrer non plus seulement les dimensions économiques et financières de leurs activités mais également les aspects sociaux et environnementaux. Le périmètre de la responsabilité d’une entreprise ne se limite plus à ces frontières mais s’étend à l’ensemble de ces partenaires commerciaux. Aussi, on assiste à une recrudescence de travaux tant académiques que professionnels portant sur les processus de diffusion de la RSE dans la supply chain (SC). Cependant, nombre d’études académiques tendent à analyser cette question au niveau dyadique ou à se focaliser sur une dimension de la RSE. Cette thèse cherche à combler cette lacune et s’interroge sur les mécanismes de diffusion de la RSE au niveau de la SC. Pour cela, nous nous intéressons, en particulier, au rôle que peut jouer une entreprise pivot, acteur central du réseau, dans la mise en œuvre d’actions RSE dans les entreprises satellites. Notre analyse se déroule en trois étapes. Dans la première, nous cherchons à construire un modèle conceptuel original intégrant aussi bien les mécanismes de gouvernance utilisés par l’entreprise pivot que ses motivations à les mettre en place. L’étape suivante consiste à faire des choix méthodologiques déterminants pour notre recherche : nous choisissons ainsi de tester notre modèle dans le secteur agroalimentaire à l’aide d’équations structurelles. Les divers résultats obtenus seront présentés et analysés, dans une troisième étape, pour nous permettre de répondre à notre questionnement initial. Outre la validité de nos échelles de mesure, les résultats indiquent que la gouvernance par l’entreprise pivot contribue à favoriser la mise en œuvre d’actions RSE dans la SC. De ce fait, cette recherche permet d’identifier, dans une perspective réticulaire, les mécanismes de gouvernance les plus pertinents ainsi que les leviers d’actions vers un management plus durable de la SC. / Corporate social responsibility (CSR) represents a major concern for companies that need to integrate not only the economic and financial dimensions of their activities but also the social and environmental aspects. The scope of a company's responsibility is no longer limited to these borders but extends to all of these business partners. Also, there has been a resurgence of both academic and professional studies on CSR diffusion processes in the supply chain (SC). However, many academic studies tend to analyze this issue at the dyadic level or focus on a dimension of CSR. This thesis attempts to fill this gap and questions the mechanisms for extending CSR at the SC level. Thus, we are particularly interested in the role that a focal company, a central actor in the network, can play in the implementation of CSR actions in satellites companies. Our analysis is carried out in three stages. In the first, we try to construct an original conceptual model integrating both the governance mechanisms used by the focal company and its motivations to implement them. The next step concern methodological choices that are decisive for our research : we choose to test our model in the agri-food sector using structural equations. The various results obtained will be presented and analyzed, in a third stage, to allow us to answer our initial questioning. In addition to the validity of our measurement scales, the results indicate that governance by the focal company contributes to the implementation of CSR actions in the SC. We identify the most relevant mechanisms as well as the levers of action towards a more sustainable management of SC.

Orientadores: Antonio Celso Fonseca de Arruda, Aron Jose Pazin de Andrade / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T06:51:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bock_EduardoGuyPerpetuo_M.pdf: 3873649 bytes, checksum: 91eb2ac5543b164e576ca7a5e61d6a45 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Uma bomba centrífuga implantável foi projetada e construída para assistência ventricular de longa duração no tratamento de pacientes portadores de doenças cardiovasculares. A metodologia utilizada foi a de testes de desempenho ¿in vitro¿ compostos de testes de atrito para seleção de materiais para os mancais de apoio, testes de desempenho hidrodinâmico da bomba e testes com sangue humano para a verificação da hemólise causada no bombeamento. Os primeiros testes foram realizados com uma bomba centrífuga não implantável, normalmente utilizada em cirurgias cardíacas, para a determinação do posicionamento do orifício de entrada da bomba. Foram realizadas simulações numéricas por computador para dimensionamento da bomba. Testes de atrito foram feitos para a seleção de materiais do sistema de mancais de apoio proposto para alcançar a durabilidade necessária. Testes de desempenho hidrodinâmico foram utilizados para determinar o melhor desenho para o rotor da bomba. Seu desempenho foi comparado com uma bomba não implantável e com uma bomba implantável similar americana e apresentou melhores resultados que ambas. Testes com sangue foram feitos para quantificar os danos causados aos componentes do sangue pela bomba. O seu índice normalizado de hemólise foi de 0,0054 mg/100L, considerado excelente por se encontrar próximo do limite mínimo encontrado na literatura: entre 0,004 g/ 100L e 0,02 g/ 100L. Como trabalhos futuros, serão feito testes com animais para que a bomba centrífuga implantável possa ser utilizada em pacientes / Abstract: An implantable centrifugal blood pump was developed for long-term ventricular assistance in cardiac patients. In vitro tests were performed, as wear evaluation, performance tests and hemolysis tests in human blood. Preliminary tests were performed with a non-implantable pump in order to properly locate the inlet port. Numerical computational simulations were performed in order to predict its best geometry. Wear evaluations helped to select the best materials for double pivot bearing system proposed to achieve longer durability. Performance tests pointed the best impeller geometry. The implantable centrifugal blood pump was compared with other two blood pumps. One is a centrifugal blood pump for cardiopulmonary bypass and the other is a similar implantable device. The proposed implantable centrifugal blood pump showed the best performance. But, its results showed a strong descendant curve in high flow. Other prototype was manufactured with a different inlet port angle to overcome this problem. The normalized index of hemolysis (NIH) tests was performed with human blood pumped in an In Vitro closed circuit (mock loop) in normalized conditions, as flow of 5 L/min and total pressure ahead of 100 mm Hg. After six hours, NIH measured 0.0054 mg/100L that can be considered excellent since it is close to the minimum found in literature (between 0.004 g/ 100L e 0.02 g/ 100L). As future work, in vivo test will be performed with the implantable centrifugal blood pump looking forward to implant it in patients / Mestrado / Materiais e Processos de Fabricação / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica