Sergels torg in Stockholm, Sweden, and the surrounding areas have possibly negative associations in the minds of individuals. To then influence and change a negative mindset related to a place can be a difficult task for real estate managers. This thesis report has studied whether place marketing and nudging could and has been applied by two large real estate owners regarding the ongoing place development of Sergels torg. Since certain similarities between place marketing and nudging has been determined, the problem within the report has been concluded to how the two concepts can relate. Therefore, the aim of the report has been to examine if place marketing can be gradated when combining theory behind nudging. Place marketing and nudging have not previously been studied as integrated concepts, resulting in the formulation of new aspects around these. In this study, the strategic market planning process as a theoretical model has been used to define the term place marketing. It has been used by means of deduction to investigate how it could be used in place development and how this model could contribute to an individual’s changed mindset to places. Another model has been used in the study to define which management control measures are included in nudging. Nudging, as a term, was named in 2008 and aims to nudge individuals in a desirable direction in which they otherwise would not have taken, without including incentives nor restrictions. This study has consisted of interviews with experienced professionals from two real estate owners involved in the development of Sergels torg. The conclusion that has been drawn from the interview study is that the respondents have been familiar with and in general used place marketing when developing the area surrounding Sergels torg. On the other hand, it was less than half of the respondents who were familiar with the concept of nudging, despite this, they have to a certain extent used some of the management control measures falling within the scope of nudging. By analyzing the thesis’ empirics and theory it has been concluded that if nudging is implemented in place marketing, several advantages can be drawn, such as increasing turnouts at places and a positive outlook in individuals. Thus, making it possible to increase the social and monetary sustainability in urban development.  Concluding, there are challenges regarding combining the two concepts place marketing and nudging. The challenge could briefly be described as how it previously has been defined and which interventions go under a nudge. Finally, the thesis presents a suggestion of a recommendation on how to implement nudging in the strategic market planning process. / Området kring Sergels torg i Stockholm, Sverige, är möjligtvis en plats med en negativ klang i människors medvetande. Att försöka påverka och förändra en negativ inställning till en plats kan emellertid vara svårt för fastighetsägare. Denna uppsats har studerat hur platsmarknadsföring och nudging kan och har använts av två stora fastighetsägare vid utvecklingen av Sergels torg. Då vissa likheter mellan platsmarknadsföring och nudging kunnat urskiljas har problemet i uppsatsen definierats till hur de två begreppen kan relateras till varandra. Syftet med uppsatsen har därmed varit att undersöka om platsmarknadsföring kan nyanseras genom att kombinera teori bakom nudging. Platsmarknadsföring och nudging har tidigare inte studerats som begrepp tillsammans, vilket gör att denna studie belyser nya aspekter kring dessa. I studien har den strategiska marknadsplaneringsprocessen tillämpats som teoretisk modell inom platsmarknadsföring för att definiera begreppet. Den har genom härledning använts för att undersöka hur den kan användas vid platsutveckling och därmed hur den kan bidra med en förändrad uppfattning om platser hos individer. Ytterligare en modell har använts för att definiera vilka styrmedel som nudging inkluderar. Nudging som begrepp myntades 2008 och syftar till att puffa individer i en önskvärd riktning än vad de annars skulle tagit, utan att inkludera incitament eller restriktioner.  Studien har bestått av intervjuer med verksamma från två fastighetsägare involverade i utvecklingen av Sergels torg. Slutsatsen som har kunnat dras från denna intervjustudie är att respondenterna känt till och i stora drag använt sig av platsmarknadsföring vid utvecklingen av området kring Sergels torg. Däremot var det färre än hälften som var bekant med begreppet nudging, trots detta har de i olika utsträckning använt sig av vissa styrmedel som faller inom ramen för nudging. Vid analys av empiri och teori har det konkluderats att om nudging implementeras i platsmarknadsföring skulle flertalet fördelar kunna härledas, t.ex. genom ökade flöden på plaster och genom en positivare inställning gentemot dessa hos individer, vilket har möjlighet att leda till en ökad social och ekonomisk hållbarhet. För att knyta ihop uppsatsen har utmaningar med att sammanföra begreppen platsmarknadsföring och nudging specificerats. Utmaningen kan kortfattat beskrivas som att det ligger i hur nudging tidigare definierats och vad som krävs för att en åtgärd ska få kallas för en nudge. Uppsatsen mynnar slutligen ut i ett förslag på en rekommendation för hur nudging skulle kunna implementeras i den strategiska marknadsplaneringsprocessen.

Sammanfattning Titel: Norrlandsboomen - en kvalitativ studie om platsmarknadsföring för att attrahera nya invånare. Nivå: Examensarbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi Författare: Julia Karlernäs och Simon Ivarsson Handledare: Katarina Arbin Datum: 2024 -januari Syfte: Denna uppsats syftar till att beskriva hur arbetet med platsmarknadsföring sker i samverkan mellan olika aktörer för att attrahera nya invånare till en ny geografisk plats Metod: Studien har använt sig av en kvalitativ metod med en abduktiv forskningsansats och grundar sig i insamlad empirisk data från sex intervjuer. Resultat och slutsats: Studien visar att de aktiviteter som sker i platsmarknadsföringen bland annat är marknadskommunikation av platsen via olika digitala plattformar, utveckling av samhället efter identifierade målgruppers efterfrågan samt arbete med värdskap och social inkludering för nyblivna invånare. Resurser som används är ekonomiska resurser, som hos kommunen är skattemedel och från H2 Green Steel kommer från investerare. Andra resurser är humankapital, organisatoriska och -relationella resurser. Huvudaktörer som är involverade är Boden kommun, turistföreningen Boden Turism, H2 Green Steel och Bodens invånare. Examensarbetets bidrag: Kandidatuppsatsen ger insikter i hur platsmarknadsföringen i en kommun går till för att attrahera nya invånare. Genom att identifiera aktiviteterna som utförs, resurserna som finns och vilka aktörerna är, klargör vi hur en kommun arbetar med platsmarknadsföring och vilka roller och uppgifter de olika organisationerna har. Vår studie bidrar även med kunskap om hur samarbetet och samverkan ser ut mellan de olika aktörerna. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Förslag till vidare forskning är att göra en större studie där fler perspektiv i platsmarknadsföringen studeras. Vidare föreslår vi att ytterligare studier bör fokusera på hur man kan mäta vilken effekt platsmarknadsföringen har på beslutet att flytta till en ny kommun. Nyckelord: Platsmarknadsföring, platsvarumärke, ARA-modell, nyindustrialisering, kompetensbrist / Abstract Title: Norrlandsboomen - a qualitative study of place marketing in attracting new residents. Level: Student thesis, Bachelor Degree in Business Administration Supervisor: Katarina Arbin Date: 2024 - january Aim: The aim of this study is to describe how place marketing occurs in collaboration between actors to attract new residents to a new geographic location. Method: The study used a qualitative method with an abductive research approach and is based on collected empirical data from six interviews. Results and conclusions: The study shows that activities occurring in place marketing are, among others, marketing communication of the place through digital platforms, development of the municipality based on the demands of identified target groups and the work with hosting and social inclusion of new residents. Resources used are financial resources, which at the municipality comes from tax money and within H2 Green Steel from investors. Other resources are human capital, organizational and -relational resources. The main actors involved are Boden municipality, the tourist association Boden Turism, H2 Green Steel and the residents of Boden. Contribution of the thesis: The thesis provides insights into how place marketing in a municipality takes place to attract new residents. By identifying the activities that are carried out, the resources that are used and who the actors are, we clarify how a municipality works with place marketing and what roles and tasks the various actors have. Our study also contributes to knowledge about how the cooperation and collaboration takes place between the various actors. Suggestions for future research: Suggestions for future research is to do a bigger study where more perspectives in place marketing is taken into account. Furthermore, we suggest that additional studies should focus on how to measure the effect that place marketing has in the decision about moving to a new municipality. Key words: Place marketing, place brand, ARA-model, new industrialization, skill shortage

"Here are lots of opportunities" and "Welcome to Paradise". Two municipalities' place marketing from an identification perspective.

Not so long ago, the regions of Russia began to develop and implement projects for the development of tourism activities. Tourism activity is one of the areas of marketing of territorial marketing. And in order to implement similar projects, it is necessary to understand what does expect enterprise of the territories in the future. It is necessary to make a predictive analysis. Within this work, a forecast analysis of consumption of metallurgical products was carried out. Methodical recommendations for the formation of measures at industrial enterprises within the framework of the tourist activity of small towns have been developed. / Не так давно регионы России стали разрабатывать и внедрять проекты развития туристической деятельности. Данная деятельность является одним из направлений маркетинга территорий (мест), или территориального маркетинга. А для того чтобы внедрять подобные проекты, необходимо понять, что ожидает предприятия территорий в будущем. Т.е. необходимо провести прогнозный анализ. В рамках данной работы был проведен прогнозный анализ потребления металлургической продукции. Разработаны методические рекомендации для формирования мероприятий на промышленных предприятиях в рамках туристической деятельности небольших городов.

Со второй половины XX века всё большую значимость получает неценовая конкуренция, которая стала постепенно вытеснять ценовую. В такой же ситуации оказались и регионы, которые тоже имеют свою конкуренцию с другими территориями за туристический поток, приток квалифицированных рабочих, ученых, деятелей культуры и прочих людей, которые могут стимулировать социально-экономический рост региона. Правильные коммуникации создают желательную репутацию, которая зачастую является сильным преимуществом перед другими конкурентами, повышая стоимость продукта или услуги, или помогая потребителю в принятии решения по поводу путешествия или переезда именно в этот регион, а не в другой. Одними из новых и быстро развивающихся технологий, которые всё чаще используются в качестве инструментов продвижения территории, являются виртуальная и дополненная реальности. Всё больше менеджеров по продвижению региона начинают их осваивать, но при этом они до сих пор не являются распространёнными для этой области. В представленной работе отражены особенности использования инструментов виртуальной и дополненной реальностей в продвижении территории, проанализированы практика и результаты научных исследований в этой области. Основываясь на результатах методологической и эмпирической базы исследований, разработана коммуникативная программа продвижения Пермского края как региона с использованием инструментов виртуальной и дополненной реальностей. / Since the second half of the 20th century, non-price competition has become increasingly important, gradually replacing price competition. In the same situation, regions have also found themselves in competition with other territories for tourist flows, influx of skilled workers, scientists, cultural figures and other people who can stimulate the socio-economic growth of the region. The right communications create a desirable reputation, which is often a strong advantage over other competitors, adding value to a product or service, or helping the consumer decide to travel or relocate to that particular region rather than another. Virtual and augmented reality are some of the new and rapidly evolving technologies that are increasingly being used as tools to promote a territory. More and more promotional managers are beginning to master them, but they are still not common for this area. This paper reflects the peculiarities of virtual and augmented reality tools in territory promotion, analyses the practice and research results in this field. Based on the results of the methodological and empirical research base, a communication programme for the promotion of the Perm Territory as a region using virtual and augmented reality tools has been developed.

Konkurrensen mellan platser blir allt hårdare, därigenom har platsmarknadsföring fått en central roll. Det finns många strategier för platsmarknadsföring, denna studie antar ett kritiskt förhållningssätt till strategiers universella tillämplighet och argumenterar för att strategier måste anpassas till lokala förhållanden och en samhällskontext. Syftet är således att undersöka strategier för platsmarknadsföring och hur de relateras till den lokala kontext platser befinner sig i. Frågeställningarna är: (1) Hur används unika konkurrensfördelar (USP) i platsmarknadsföring? samt (2) Vilken roll har strategier för platsmarknadsföring i olika lokala kontexter? Studiens teoretiska referensram inkluderar teorier kring platser och destinationer, platsmarknadsföring, strategier för platsmarknadsföring (med ett särskilt fokus på unika konkurrensfördelar och samverkan), samt platsmarknadsföringens betydelse i ett lokalt perspektiv. Studien är en kvalitativ fallstudie av kommunerna i Värmland. I studien ingår en innehållsanalys av de 16 kommunernas besökshemsidor samt intervjuer med informanter från fem kommuner. Resultatet visar att majoriteten av kommunerna lyfter något som kan bedömas vara en unik konkurrensfördel i Värmland. Dock arbetar de flesta kommuner inte strategiskt med att lyfta sina unika konkurrensfördelar. När strategier kring unika konkurrensfördelar används kan de ha en roll i att öka kännedomen om mindre kända kommuner. Strategier kring samverkan och kooperativ marknadsföring visade sig vara viktiga för alla typer av kommuner, stora och små, kända och mindre kända, då alla gynnas av att regionen Värmland är välkänd och har ett gott rykte. Kooperativ marknadsföring kan dock vara viktigast för kommuner med små ekonomiska möjligheter att marknadsföra sig själva. Vidare visade studien att strategier för platsmarknadsföring i kommunerna inte enbart handlar om att locka turister – ofta finns interna syften med platsmarknadsföringen så som att öka stoltheten bland invånare och att öka platsattraktiviteten överlag. Sådana strategier kan ha en viktig roll i att locka nya invånare och vända en negativ befolkningsutveckling. Slutsatserna från studien är att strategier för platsmarknadsföring i viss mån relateras till den lokala kontext platser befinner sig i. Platsers folkmängd samt befolkningsförändringar har en betydelse för vilka strategier för platsmarknadsföring som används. Om platser är glest eller tätt befolkade kan också ha en betydelse, men det behöver inte vara avgörande. Däremot kan platsers historia och image spela en stor roll för vilka strategier som är möjliga och relevanta att arbeta med. Hur platsmarknadsförare ser på besöksnäringens roll i samhället är även det av betydelse för hur platsmarknadsföring bedrivs. / Competition between places is becoming increasingly fierce, thereby place marketing has gained a central role. There are many place marketing strategies, this study takes a critical approach to the universal applicability of strategies and argues that strategies must be adapted to local conditions and a societal context. The purpose is thus to examine place marketing strategies and how they are related to the local context places are in. The research questions are: (1) How are unique selling points (USP) used in place marketing? and (2) What is the role of place marketing strategies in different local contexts? The study's theoretical framework includes theories about places and destinations, place marketing, place marketing strategies (with a particular focus on unique selling points and cooperation), as well as the importance of place marketing from a local perspective. The study is a qualitative case study of the municipalities in Värmland. The study includes a content analysis of the 16 municipalities' visitor websites as well as interviews with informants from five municipalities. The results show that most of the municipalities highlight something that can be considered a unique selling point in Värmland. However, most municipalities do not work strategically to highlight their unique selling points. When strategies focusing on unique selling points are used, they can have a role in increasing awareness of lesser-known municipalities. Strategies focusing on collaboration and cooperative marketing proved to be important for all types of municipalities, large and small, well-known and less well-known, as everyone benefits from the region Värmland being well-known and having a good reputation. However, cooperative marketing can be most important for municipalities with little financial means to market themselves. Furthermore, the study showed that place marketing strategies in the municipalities are not only about attracting tourists – often there are internal purposes with place marketing such as increasing pride among residents and increasing the overall place attractiveness. Such strategies can have an important role in attracting new residents and reversing a negative population trend. The conclusions from the study are that place marketing strategies to some extent are related to the local context places are in. Places' population and population changes have an impact on which place marketing strategies are used. Whether places are sparsely or densely populated can also be of significance, but it doesn't have to be decisive. However, the history and image of places can play a big role in which strategies are possible and relevant to work with. How place marketers view the role of the hospitality industry in society is also of significance for how place marketing is conducted.

This bachelor thesis explores how Dubai, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia are portrayed on Instagram through posts by celebrities, aiming to understand the messages they convey and their impact on soft power. By using a multimodal method and semiotic analysis, the study reveals that through celebrity marketing, each country presents distinct messages and images to a broader audience. The study finds that each country uses celebrities in unique ways to promote themselves. Dubai, through the swedish influencer Kenza, showcases luxury and modernity, while Saudi Arabia, with Ronaldo's help, highlights its culture and history. Qatar, partnering with Beckham, emphasizes its role in sports and community. These efforts are seen as strategies to enhance their global image and influence. The study also discusses the concept of “sportswashing”, where countries use sports events to improve their reputation. Overall, celebrity endorsements play a significant role in shaping how these countries can be perceived internationally, ultimately contributing to their soft power.

The number of festivals and events worldwide as well as in South Africa has increased significantly over the past decade. With more than 600 festivals being staged annually in South Africa, it is clear that festivals are competing with each other to attract and retain visitors in order to remain sustainable. For this reason, creating and sustaining a loyal visitor base through marketing and branding activities has become increasingly important for festivals. This, however, is a complex task since branding of a festival is challenging in several ways. Festivals are non-permanent tourism offerings with a variety of attributes that need to be considered when branding the festival. These include attractions, accommodation, entertainment and the natural environment. The competitive environment in which festivals operate and the complex nature of a festival as a brand require a specific approach whereby festivals can create and sustain brand loyalty. To remain a competitive and sustainable arts festival, marketers of festivals need to know how their marketing efforts can be applied to enhance visitors’ loyalty as well as the aspects that contribute to visitors’ loyalty. Although various studies have been concerned with brand loyalty in a tourism context, little research has focused on brand loyalty in a festival context and more specifically in a South African arts festival context. In the light of this, the following research question was formulated: “What are the components and the relationships between the components of a brand loyalty model for arts festivals in South Africa? The primary goal of this thesis was to develop a brand loyalty model for arts festivals. To achieve this goal, four objectives were formulated. The first objective was to analyse the role of marketing in creating and sustaining brand loyalty for arts festivals by means of an in-depth literature review. The definition of marketing and the distinguishing features of tourism offerings were analysed. It was indicated that aspects such as visitors’ motivation for attending festivals impacts on their loyalty. Furthermore it was established that marketing activities such as market research, market segmentation, positioning, branding and developing an effective festival marketing mix can assist marketers of festivals to achieve visitors’ loyalty. The second objective was to review the literature regarding brand loyalty and its constructs. Branding and brand loyalty were defined and the history of branding was discussed. More importantly, the constructs of brand loyalty and the items for measuring them were analysed. It was clear that a variety of constructs impact on festival visitors’ loyalty including brand attitude, brand personality, individuals’ characteristics, circumstances and purchase situation, organisations’ commitment to being customer orientated, brand equity, brand associations, brand awareness, product involvement, brand commitment, brand affect, quality, brand image, brand experience, brand trust, brand value and satisfaction. In addition, it was concluded that these aspects are related and affect one another. The third objective was to identify the components of a brand loyalty model, test the relationships between them and determine the variables influencing them. This was done with the aim of developing a brand loyalty model for arts festivals. For this purpose, data were collected by means of a self-administered questionnaire which was distritubuted to visitors at Vryfees and Aardklop. A total of 400 questionnaires were distributed at each festival with 355 questionnaires obtained at Vryfees and 352 questionnaires obtained at Aardklop. Selected statistical techniques were employed to achieve this objective. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed on the items for measuring brand loyalty. From this, six brand loyalty components were revealed. Spearman Rank Order Correlation was used to determine the relationships between these brand loyalty components. An independent t-test, one-way ANOVA and two-way ANOVA between groups were employed to determine the impact of selected variables on the components of brand loyalty. Finally, the brand loyalty components were used in Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to develop the model. The results of the study confirmed that brand loyalty for festivals such as Aardklop and Vryfees are multidimensional and consist of satisfaction, affective image, festival experience, loyalty, personal value and cognitive image. Affective image and satisfaction are also major components of visitors’ loyalty towards these festivals. It was furthermore confirmed that variables such as occupation, province of residence, frequency of attendance and home language have an impact on festival visitors’ loyalty. The final objective of this study was to draw conclusions and make recommendations concerning the compilation and implementation of the brand loyalty model for arts festivals. This research makes important contributions theoretically, methodologically and practically. Theoretically, this study is unique since it is one of the first to indicate the role of marketing in enhancing brand loyalty and to analyse various brand loyalty constructs that can be further investigated by future researchers. Methodologically, this study developed a reliable and valid questionnaire for the measurement of brand loyalty in a festival context which can be used by other festivals to determine visitors’ loyalty. In addition, this study investigated distinctive relationships between the festival loyalty constructs and other demographic and festival-related variables. The impact of demographic variables on festival loyalty constructs was also explored. The greatest contribution of this study, however, is its practical contribution by developing a brand loyalty model for arts festivals which can be used by marketers of festivals to create, maintain and increase visitors’ loyalty towards their festivals. / PhD (Tourism Management), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

The number of festivals and events worldwide as well as in South Africa has increased significantly over the past decade. With more than 600 festivals being staged annually in South Africa, it is clear that festivals are competing with each other to attract and retain visitors in order to remain sustainable. For this reason, creating and sustaining a loyal visitor base through marketing and branding activities has become increasingly important for festivals. This, however, is a complex task since branding of a festival is challenging in several ways. Festivals are non-permanent tourism offerings with a variety of attributes that need to be considered when branding the festival. These include attractions, accommodation, entertainment and the natural environment. The competitive environment in which festivals operate and the complex nature of a festival as a brand require a specific approach whereby festivals can create and sustain brand loyalty. To remain a competitive and sustainable arts festival, marketers of festivals need to know how their marketing efforts can be applied to enhance visitors’ loyalty as well as the aspects that contribute to visitors’ loyalty. Although various studies have been concerned with brand loyalty in a tourism context, little research has focused on brand loyalty in a festival context and more specifically in a South African arts festival context. In the light of this, the following research question was formulated: “What are the components and the relationships between the components of a brand loyalty model for arts festivals in South Africa? The primary goal of this thesis was to develop a brand loyalty model for arts festivals. To achieve this goal, four objectives were formulated. The first objective was to analyse the role of marketing in creating and sustaining brand loyalty for arts festivals by means of an in-depth literature review. The definition of marketing and the distinguishing features of tourism offerings were analysed. It was indicated that aspects such as visitors’ motivation for attending festivals impacts on their loyalty. Furthermore it was established that marketing activities such as market research, market segmentation, positioning, branding and developing an effective festival marketing mix can assist marketers of festivals to achieve visitors’ loyalty. The second objective was to review the literature regarding brand loyalty and its constructs. Branding and brand loyalty were defined and the history of branding was discussed. More importantly, the constructs of brand loyalty and the items for measuring them were analysed. It was clear that a variety of constructs impact on festival visitors’ loyalty including brand attitude, brand personality, individuals’ characteristics, circumstances and purchase situation, organisations’ commitment to being customer orientated, brand equity, brand associations, brand awareness, product involvement, brand commitment, brand affect, quality, brand image, brand experience, brand trust, brand value and satisfaction. In addition, it was concluded that these aspects are related and affect one another. The third objective was to identify the components of a brand loyalty model, test the relationships between them and determine the variables influencing them. This was done with the aim of developing a brand loyalty model for arts festivals. For this purpose, data were collected by means of a self-administered questionnaire which was distritubuted to visitors at Vryfees and Aardklop. A total of 400 questionnaires were distributed at each festival with 355 questionnaires obtained at Vryfees and 352 questionnaires obtained at Aardklop. Selected statistical techniques were employed to achieve this objective. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed on the items for measuring brand loyalty. From this, six brand loyalty components were revealed. Spearman Rank Order Correlation was used to determine the relationships between these brand loyalty components. An independent t-test, one-way ANOVA and two-way ANOVA between groups were employed to determine the impact of selected variables on the components of brand loyalty. Finally, the brand loyalty components were used in Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to develop the model. The results of the study confirmed that brand loyalty for festivals such as Aardklop and Vryfees are multidimensional and consist of satisfaction, affective image, festival experience, loyalty, personal value and cognitive image. Affective image and satisfaction are also major components of visitors’ loyalty towards these festivals. It was furthermore confirmed that variables such as occupation, province of residence, frequency of attendance and home language have an impact on festival visitors’ loyalty. The final objective of this study was to draw conclusions and make recommendations concerning the compilation and implementation of the brand loyalty model for arts festivals. This research makes important contributions theoretically, methodologically and practically. Theoretically, this study is unique since it is one of the first to indicate the role of marketing in enhancing brand loyalty and to analyse various brand loyalty constructs that can be further investigated by future researchers. Methodologically, this study developed a reliable and valid questionnaire for the measurement of brand loyalty in a festival context which can be used by other festivals to determine visitors’ loyalty. In addition, this study investigated distinctive relationships between the festival loyalty constructs and other demographic and festival-related variables. The impact of demographic variables on festival loyalty constructs was also explored. The greatest contribution of this study, however, is its practical contribution by developing a brand loyalty model for arts festivals which can be used by marketers of festivals to create, maintain and increase visitors’ loyalty towards their festivals. / PhD (Tourism Management), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Dans un contexte de mondialisation, la concurrence accrue entre les territoires, dont l’objectif premier est de capter des habitants, des touristes et des entreprises, exacerbe les enjeux liés à leur attractivité. Afin de se différencier les collectivités territoriales et leurs agences de développement adoptent des approches de marketing territorial et commencent à mettre en place des techniques de marquage (dites place branding). Le place branding reprend plusieurs outils issus du domaine de la marque commerciale. Toutefois, le territoire est un « produit particulier » qui regroupe diverses parties prenantes dont les visions et les attentes peuvent diverger. Le succès d’une marque territoire reposera alors en partie sur la gestion de ces parties prenantes. Dès lors, ce travail doctoral entreprend d’adapter au contexte du place branding des concepts de marketing, en considérant les perceptions de trois groupes de parties prenantes, en vue d’améliorer l’efficacité de la marque territoire. Cette problématique de recherche est abordée selon trois questions de recherche: (1) Quelle est la légitimité publicitaire d’une marque territoire, telle que perçue par ses habitants ? Influence-t-elle l’efficacité des actions de place branding ? (2) Dans quelle mesure les gestionnaires de marques territoires ont recours à des stratégies de marketing communautaire afin d’implémenter une communication marketing intégrée (CMI) ? (3) Dans quelle mesure l’image de la marque région constitue-t-elle un vecteur pertinent de la promotion d’une destination, complémentaire à celle de la marque pays, auprès des touristes internationaux ? D’un point de vue théorique, cette recherche doctorale souligne l’importance d’adopter une approche parties prenantes à la compréhension de la marque territoire. Ce faisant, ce travail contribue à développer des preuves empiriques dans le domaine, notamment à l’échelle de la région qui est sous-représentée dans la littérature. Cette thèse met en évidence les similitudes entre la marque territoire et la marque commerciale, et renforce ainsi la validité externe de trois concepts issus du marketing classique. Différentes approches méthodologiques ont été développées et mobilisées. Ces éléments renforcent par ailleurs la validité interne de la présente recherche et contribuent à exclure l’existence d’un biais déclaratif. Les contributions managériales de cette thèse sont liées à ses implications méthodologiques dans la mesure où diverses grilles d’analyse sont proposées aux gestionnaires de marques territoires. Ces outils prennent en compte les spécificités et les enjeux associés aux principales parties prenantes de la marque, et visent à les impliquer dans les initiatives de place branding. Enfin, la mise en place d’une approche de communication marketing intégrée est conseillée. Premièrement, il est proposé que cette approche soit appliquée entre les différents acteurs du territoire. Les résultats montrent ainsi que l’intégration des habitants dans la démarche de place branding est un véritable enjeu qui nécessite une approche distincte de celle préconisée traditionnellement en marketing. Deuxièmement, l’approche de communication marketing intégrée devrait s’appliquer entre les différents niveaux de territoires de façon à tirer parti de l’image du territoire d’ordre supérieur. / In the globalized world, Nowhere, Place, is directly competing against Powerful, World, to attract residents, tourists and talent, as well as firms and investments, whether the place is a meta-region, a country, a region, a city or other locations. Whilst places and destinations around the world have been proclaiming their qualities for a long time, mainly to create awareness or maintain preference, those marketing communications campaigns are short-term and don’t contribute to unifying the place. To compete in such cutthroat environments, public authorities and place agencies have started to recognize the value of adopting branding techniques by way of practising place branding. Place branding adapts several tools developed in the field of commercial branding to contribute to place development and establish image-building strategies that render places more attractive to identified markets. As such, this doctoral work endeavours to adapt mainstream marketing concepts to the context of place branding, taking into account the views of three groups of stakeholders to enhance place brand efficiency. I address these research questions in a French region-branding context, according to three sub-questions that summarise the chapters of this thesis. First, what is the advertising legitimacy of a place brand as perceived by the residents? Does it influence place-branding efficiency? Second, to what extent do place brand managers use community marketing strategies to operationalize the integrated marketing communications (IMC) role of the place brand? Third, to what extent does the region brand image constitute a relevant vehicle for promoting a destination integral to the nation brand image, as perceived by international tourists? Results show that the representational and functional dimensions of a destination brand impact differently implicit attractiveness and intentions to visit. International tourists also perceive the region and the nation brand images as congruent overall, which contributes positively to their intentions to visit the region. From a theoretical point of view, this research highlights the importance of adopting a multi-stakeholder approach to understanding place branding. Doing so contributes to the development of empirical evidence in the domain, by studying the understudied region branding form. This dissertation also highlights similarities with commercial branding and reinforces the external validity of three classic marketing concepts. The methodological implications of this work come from the different methodological approaches (i.e. measurement tools and methods), developed to meet the specificities and stakes associated with the main stakeholders of a place brand. In addition, this approach reinforces the internal validity of the present research and contributes to ruling out the existence of a declarative bias. The managerial contributions of this thesis are connected with the methodological implications, inasmuch as it provides place brand managers with diverse analysis grids that will enable them to take into account the specificities and stakes associated with the main stakeholders of the place brand, and also involve stakeholders in the place-branding process. Finally, I demonstrate the need for an IMC approach that is per se—for example, through the use of an overall brand positioning that covers shared elements between stakeholders so that they all relate to the place brand, or through the adoption of a bottom-up rather than top-down approach to place branding. This approach also should be able to extend to other place scales, by leveraging the image of a higher-order place.