While information systems researchers have argued well from socio-technical and organizational culture perspectives that information technology (IT) and organizational structures are interdependent and continually reshape each other, few studies have sought fine-grained, micro-level explanations for the heterogeneity in IT use often observed across seemingly similar end users and seemingly similar work contexts. Using a nested comparative case study design, I explore electronic medical record (EMR) use by physicians in an integrated multi-specialty health care organization. I use multiple methods to observe and develop micro-level understandings of factors associated with EMR use. The study was conducted in eight practices operating within the same organization. Data collection methods included semi-structured interviews, non-participant observations, and questionnaires. A constant comparative approach guided data analysis. Differences in physician values were noted, as were differences in physician perspectives of uncertainty. I categorized physicians as high, medium and low EMR users depending on a variety of factors including degree to which the EMR was integrated into work practices, degree of feature use, and degree of EMR-enabled communication. Drawing on theories of professionalism, I explain between-physician heterogeneity in EMR use as partly a function of differences in dimensionality of professional values. Three dimensions of professional values were identified 1) profession-oriented, 2) patient-oriented and 3) organization-oriented. Drawing on complexity theory, I argue that differences in physician perspectives of uncertainty influence their EMR use. I found that physicians who viewed uncertainty primarily as reducible through information tended to be higher users of the EMR. Physicians who viewed uncertainty as fundamental, or inherent, in care delivery processes tended to be lower users of the EMR. This study contributes to information systems research by extending current understandings of IT use. The professional values held by physicians and their perspectives of uncertainty may be more important in shaping EMR use than previously thought. These findings indicate the need to more aggressively pursue EMR designs, implementation strategies and policies that accommodate these two additional factors. Additionally, findings from this research indicate a need for IT managers in professional settings to consider end-user professional values and perspectives of uncertainty in decisions involving IT assets. / text

Os estudantes desenvolvem suas atividades em diferentes ambientes educacionais, internalizando modelos de atuação profissional e espelhando-se nas experiências profissionais de seus professores e profissionais não docentes. Este estudo teve como objetivos identificar a percepção de estudantes de Terapia Ocupacional sobre os atributos mais importantes em bons modelos de profissional e identificar a percepção de terapeutas ocupacionais docentes e não docentes apontados pelos estudantes como bons modelos sobre os atributos que consideram como representativos desta sua característica. Foram abordados 116 estudantes da FMRP-USP e 102 da UFSCar, através de questionário estruturado e grupos focais; 12 profissionais docentes e não docentes da FMRP-USP e 10 da UFSCar, através de entrevista individual semi-estruturada. Os dados foram analisados quantitativamente (por meio de estatística descritiva) e qualitativamente (através de análise de conteúdo). Os estudantes identificaram como atributos importantes de um bom modelo de profissional: ter um bom relacionamento com o aluno, com o paciente e com a equipe de trabalho; demonstrar empatia; possuir didática; ser organizado e demonstrar comprometimento com o seu crescimento pessoal e profissional. Os profissionais docentes e não docentes referiram que foram indicados como bons modelos por demonstrarem empatia; apresentarem bom relacionamento interpessoal (com o estudante e com o paciente) e mostrar relação teórico-prática. Pode-se concluir que os atributos de um bom modelo para estudantes, não diferem da percepção de docentes/profissionais sobre suas próprias habilidades positivas. Os dados obtidos neste estudo sobre os atributos de um bom modelo na formação do terapeuta ocupacional poderão ser aplicados em programas nacionais de capacitação e desenvolvimento docente. / Students develop their activities in different educational environments, internalizing models of professional performance and mirroring themselves in the professional experiences of their teachers and non-teaching professionals. The objective of this study was to identify the perception of Occupational Therapy students about the most important attributes in good role models and to identify the perception of occupational and non-teaching occupational therapists pointed out by the students as good models about the attributes they consider as representative of their characteristic . A total of 116 students from FMRP-USP and 102 from UFSCar were approached through a structured questionnaire and focus groups; 12 teaching and non-teaching professionals from FMRP-USP and 10 from UFSCar, through a semistructured individual interview. Data were analyzed quantitatively (through descriptive statistics) and qualitatively (through content analysis). The students identified as important attributes of a good role model: having a good relationship with the student, the patient and the work team; demonstrate empathy; possess didactics; be organized and demonstrate commitment to your personal and professional growth. Clinical tutors believed that they were nominated as good role models because they demonstrated empathy; a good relationship with student and patient and were able to link theory to professional practice. It can be concluded that the perceptions of occupational therapy students and clinical tutors about role models attributes were similar. Identification of good role model characteristics may inform teacher training and faculty development in occupational therapy.

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Utifrån en pågående neutralitetsdebatt inom biblioteks- och informationsvetenskap är studiens syfte att undersöka bibliotekariers uppfattning av neutralitet som professionsvärde, detta utifrån huruvida bibliotekarier uppfattar eventuella spänningar mellan deras professionella yrkesidentitet och ett aktivt politiskt engagemang. Kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med bibliotekarier. Detta resultat har analyserats med hjälp av Macdonald och Birdis (2020) beskrivningar av neutralitets-uppfattningar och Hysing och Olssons (2012) tjänstemannaroller som teoretiska verktyg. Genom en idé- och ideologianalys har bibliotekariernas uppfattningar om neutralitet karaktäriserats. Analysen utvecklas genom att deras idéer om bibliotekarierollen karaktäriseras i relation till olika tjänstemannaroller. Studiens slutsatser visar att det förekommer skilda uppfattningar kring hur neutralitet kan tolkas. Gemensamt för informanterna är dock att de uppfattar att det är omöjligt att uppnå en fullständig neutralitet. Neutralitet uppfattas vara viktigast i mötet med användare. Bibliotekarierna skiljer mellan en personlig och professionell roll, men kombinationen av rollerna anses lättast när professionens ideal går i linje med det personliga politiska engagemanget. Ställningstaganden är en del i bibliotekariens yrkesroll vilket gör vissa tjänstemannaroller lättare att axla än andra. / From an ongoing neutrality debate in library and information science, the aim of this study is to investigate librarians’ conception of neutrality as a professional value. This is based on whether librarians consider there to be possible tensions between their professional identity and active political engagement. Qualitative semi-structured interviews have been conducted with librarians. The results have been analyzed with Macdonald and Birdi’s (2020) descriptions of conceptions of neutrality and Hysing and Olsson’s (2012) roles of public officials as theoretical tools. The librarians’ conceptions of neutrality have been characterized through an idea- and ideology analysis. The analysis is developed through characterizing the interviewees’ ideas of the librarian role with different roles of public officials. The study’s conclusions show that there are different conceptions of how neutrality can be interpreted. The respondents have in common that they consider it impossible to reach full neutrality. Neutrality is considered most important whilst facing users. The librarians differentiate between a personal and professional role, but the combination of roles is considered easiest when professional ideals accord with the personal political engagements. Statements are a part of the librarian’s professional role which makes some of the roles as public official easier to assume than others.

La présente recherche vise à explorer et à décrire l’accommodation des valeurs professionnelles au sein du système de valeurs culturelles par les bibliothécaires universitaires sénégalais. Elle répond aux questions de recherche suivantes : (1) Quel est le système de valeurs culturelles dominant chez les bibliothécaires universitaires sénégalais ? (2) Comment les bibliothécaires universitaires sénégalais priorisent-ils leurs valeurs professionnelles ? (3) Comment les bibliothécaires universitaires sénégalais accommodent-ils leurs valeurs professionnelles à leurs valeurs culturelles ?cette recherche confirme la théorie de la prédominance dans les sociétés africaines en général d’un système de valeurs s’inscrivant dans l’axe « Continuité – Dépassement de soi » du modèle théorique de Schwartz (2006, 1992). Dans ce système, les valeurs dominantes sont des valeurs de types universalisme, bienveillance, tradition, conformité et sécurité. Ces valeurs favorisent l’intégration de l’individu au groupe, la solidarité et la sécurité familiale et le refus des actions de nature à porter atteinte à l’harmonie du groupe. Au plan pratique, la recherche démontre la nécessité de renforcer la socialisation professionnelle en intégrant l’éthique et les valeurs dans la formation des bibliothécaires universitaires sénégalais. / A profession basically includes two components: scientific skills and professional values, which are the guidelines of professionals’ daily demeanor. The library profession is based on values like the preservation of humanity cultural heritage, a fair access to knowledge, intellectual freedom, confidentiality and the protection library users’ private lives, professional neutrality, tolerance etc. In Senegal as well as in the other African countries, libraries are, on the whole, legacies of colonialism. The values of library science were designed in a western perspective. This profession value system may sometimes conflict with the Senegalese librarians’ cultural value systems. However, very little is known on ways Senegalese professionals cope with these two value systems. This present research will describe and explore the interactive co-existence and adaptation of professional values within the cultural value system of Senegalese academic librarians. It seeks to answer the following research questions: (1) what is the Senegalese academic librarians’ dominant cultural value system? (2) How do Senegalese academic librarians prioritize their professional values? (3) How do Senegalese academic librarians adapt their professional values to cultural values? This exploratory and descriptive analysis combines a mixed methodology approach: Two types of data collecting methods have been used: a questionnaire based on interviews and on Schwartz’s Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ) (Schwartz, 2006) The findings highlight the fact that, on the cultural level, Senegalese academic librarians essentially emphasize, in the value system, the interests of the social group they belong to, the respect of social order and adoption of normative behavior in order to facilitate their relationships with the other group members. The values favor a strong integration of the individual into a group but do not encourage an action and thought autonomy which may destroy social harmony. On the professional level, they regard access to information, preservation and conservation of heritage and the denial of all sorts of discriminations as essential professional values. As professional values conflict with cultural norms, Senegalese academic librarians often seek a compromise, a balanced position to make decision which does not basically question their cultural values. When a compromise is impossible, the final decision is made in favour of cultural values. On the theoretical level, this research confirms the theory of a value system predominance rooted in Schwartz’ perspective of the “continuity/self-transcendence” (Schwartz, 2006, 1992). In his system, the dominant values are universalism, benevolence, tradition, conformity and security. These values favor the individual’s integration into a group, solidarity and family security and the refusal to undertake actions which may endanger group harmony. On the practical level, this research displays the necessity to reinforce professional socialization which includes ethics and values in the training of Senegalese academic librarians.

La présente recherche vise à explorer et à décrire l’accommodation des valeurs professionnelles au sein du système de valeurs culturelles par les bibliothécaires universitaires sénégalais. Elle répond aux questions de recherche suivantes : (1) Quel est le système de valeurs culturelles dominant chez les bibliothécaires universitaires sénégalais ? (2) Comment les bibliothécaires universitaires sénégalais priorisent-ils leurs valeurs professionnelles ? (3) Comment les bibliothécaires universitaires sénégalais accommodent-ils leurs valeurs professionnelles à leurs valeurs culturelles ?cette recherche confirme la théorie de la prédominance dans les sociétés africaines en général d’un système de valeurs s’inscrivant dans l’axe « Continuité – Dépassement de soi » du modèle théorique de Schwartz (2006, 1992). Dans ce système, les valeurs dominantes sont des valeurs de types universalisme, bienveillance, tradition, conformité et sécurité. Ces valeurs favorisent l’intégration de l’individu au groupe, la solidarité et la sécurité familiale et le refus des actions de nature à porter atteinte à l’harmonie du groupe. Au plan pratique, la recherche démontre la nécessité de renforcer la socialisation professionnelle en intégrant l’éthique et les valeurs dans la formation des bibliothécaires universitaires sénégalais. / A profession basically includes two components: scientific skills and professional values, which are the guidelines of professionals’ daily demeanor. The library profession is based on values like the preservation of humanity cultural heritage, a fair access to knowledge, intellectual freedom, confidentiality and the protection library users’ private lives, professional neutrality, tolerance etc. In Senegal as well as in the other African countries, libraries are, on the whole, legacies of colonialism. The values of library science were designed in a western perspective. This profession value system may sometimes conflict with the Senegalese librarians’ cultural value systems. However, very little is known on ways Senegalese professionals cope with these two value systems. This present research will describe and explore the interactive co-existence and adaptation of professional values within the cultural value system of Senegalese academic librarians. It seeks to answer the following research questions: (1) what is the Senegalese academic librarians’ dominant cultural value system? (2) How do Senegalese academic librarians prioritize their professional values? (3) How do Senegalese academic librarians adapt their professional values to cultural values? This exploratory and descriptive analysis combines a mixed methodology approach: Two types of data collecting methods have been used: a questionnaire based on interviews and on Schwartz’s Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ) (Schwartz, 2006) The findings highlight the fact that, on the cultural level, Senegalese academic librarians essentially emphasize, in the value system, the interests of the social group they belong to, the respect of social order and adoption of normative behavior in order to facilitate their relationships with the other group members. The values favor a strong integration of the individual into a group but do not encourage an action and thought autonomy which may destroy social harmony. On the professional level, they regard access to information, preservation and conservation of heritage and the denial of all sorts of discriminations as essential professional values. As professional values conflict with cultural norms, Senegalese academic librarians often seek a compromise, a balanced position to make decision which does not basically question their cultural values. When a compromise is impossible, the final decision is made in favour of cultural values. On the theoretical level, this research confirms the theory of a value system predominance rooted in Schwartz’ perspective of the “continuity/self-transcendence” (Schwartz, 2006, 1992). In his system, the dominant values are universalism, benevolence, tradition, conformity and security. These values favor the individual’s integration into a group, solidarity and family security and the refusal to undertake actions which may endanger group harmony. On the practical level, this research displays the necessity to reinforce professional socialization which includes ethics and values in the training of Senegalese academic librarians.

Pastaruoju metu vis dažniau kalbama apie neskaidrią žiniasklaidą, jos komercialėjimą, mažėjantį visuomenės pasitikėjimą ja, taip pat pasigirsta pranešimų apie profesinei etikai nusižengusius žurnalistus. Vis garsiau prabylama ir apie iš��ūkius pačiai žurnalisto profesijai, nes dėl technologijų evoliucijos, interneto teikiamų galimybių plečiasi „žurnalisto“ samprata – dabar kone kiekvienas rašantis gali publikuoti savo straipsnius internetinėje erdvėje ir vadintis žurnalistu. Todėl galima teigti, jog žurnalistinį išsilavinimą turintys profesionalai yra ta grandis, kuri gali ir turi išlaikyti, įtvirtinti bei apginti profesinius standartus, profesionaliąją žurnalistiką. Todėl šio darbo tikslas – įvertinti teorinį žurnalistikos mokymo vaidmenį ugdant profesines vertybes ir jų pritaikomumą praktinėje veikloje bei pateikti šiandienos žurnalisto profesinį portretą. Tyrimo objektas – žurnalisto profesinių vertybių ugdymas ir jų taikymas praktikoje. Pirmoji darbo dalis skirta žurnalisto profesinės etikos problematikai bei normatyvinių profesinių vertybių aptarimui. Rinkos sąlygų įtakos objektyvumo, teisingumo, sąžiningumo, tikslumo, atsakingumo, demokratiškumo ir humanizmo principų taikymui praktikoje atskleidžiamos antrajame darbo skyriuje. Pristačius pasirinktą teorinę perspektyvą, trečiojoje darbo dalyje kalbama apie žurnalistų rengimą, keliamus tikslus, ugdomas kompetencijas, etikos bei vertybinius ugdymo elementus. Be to, šioje dalyje, atlikus empirinį tyrimą, aptariami... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / It can be noticed recently that more and more often discussions about media transparency problems, its commercialization trends, and the succeeding decrease in public trust arise. One can hear news about journalists who have violated canons of professional ethics. Therefore, not surprisingly more attention is paid to possible challenges the journalist’s profession faces itself, also having in mind that the technological evolution and the possibilities provided by internet broadens the concept of journalist allowing everyone who writes to place his or her article on internet and call himself or herself a journalist. Thus, it can be claimed that professionals who have journalistic education is the very link that can and must retain, strengthen and defend professional standards, as well as professional and qualitative journalism. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to evaluate the role of the theoretical aspect of the journalistic education in shaping the understanding of professional values and their applicability in practice, and also to present a realistic professional portrayal of today’s journalist. The object of the research is the education of journalist’s professional values and their application in practice. The first part of the paper is devoted to discuss the topic of journalist’s professional ethics and the seven normative professional values. The influence market-driven forces can have on the application of the values of objectivity, fairness, honesty, accuracy... [to full text]

The article starts with observations about an increasing marginalization of professional journalism in public communication. This development is mainly driven by two factors, decreasing interest in the public sphere and increasing selective exposure. Based on these observations, the author develops a definition of the core societal functions of journalism, that is, validation and shared reality. Assigning to professional journalism the role of the ‘new knowledge profession’ he looks for areas of competence that would need to be taught in academic programs to furnish the profession with the necessary skills and make journalism a ‘de facto profession’. Finally, he discusses constraints on such a strategy in educational philosophies, the trade, and the changing demand of professional news.

Social work's wish to do good is situated in the core of the profession, and doing good and helping others is the reason that attracts people to social work in the first place. But what does the profession consider to be good and kind social work?  Good intentions and kindness are often connected to the professions values but values shift and differ over time and circumstances, so does the work itself. This literature study attempts to use the framework established by Leslie Margolin to capture what the profession views as a kind and well intended work, question its motives and analyze the findings through a critical lens. The study comprises a seemingly varied material to try to show how good intentions can be found in all aspects of social work. Good intentions are an integral part of how social work understands itself on several different levels, but at the same time the idea of good intentions as a professional value seems to create a disconnect from its professional expertise.