L’objectif de cette étude est de caractériser des altérations de qualité de la viande du porc et de la dinde. Chez porc, la qualité de la viande est handicapée par une lésion de type de myopathie exsudative appelée PSE ou viandes déstructurées dans sa forme localisée. La transformation de ces viandes conduit à de faible rendements suite à une perte d’eau importante et un grave défaut de présentation du produit fini et donc à des pertes économiques importantes. Parmi les facteurs conditionnant l’apparition de la lésion, la génétique des animaux aux loci HAL et RN occupe un premier plan. Au second plan, l’environnement pre-mortem a une influence tout aussi importante et en particulier les conditions d’abattage. L’histologie comparative des muscles montre que la structure du réseau vasculaire et la typologie des fibres musculaires chez le porc des différents génotypes HAL et RN sont responsables de leur vulnérabilité. Chez la dinde, les expressions du problème PSE dans le muscle sont vraisemblablement similaires à celles observées chez le porc. Les caractéristiques de qualité de 3 souches de dinde (Hybride, Nicholas et BUT9) ont été étudiées : la chute du pH post mortem et la couleur de la viande évaluée dans le système L*a*b* nous confortent dans cette position / The objective of this study is to characterize the alteration of meat quality of the pork and the turkey. In pork, the quality of the meat is handicapped by a lesion exsudative myopathy called PSE (Pale Soft Exsudative) or localized destructured meats. The transformation of these meats leads to a reduced performance following an important water loss and a serious defect of presentation of the end product will cause massive losses in economy. Among the factors influencing the appearance of the lesion, HAL and RN genotypes occupy the first plan to limit these effects in pork. In the second plan, the pre-mortem environment has an all-important influence also and in particular the slaughter conditions. Comparative histology of muscles shows that the structure of the vascular network and the typology of muscle fibers of various genotypes HAL and RN in pork are responsible for their vulnerability. In turkey, the expressions of PSE muscle problem are probably similar to those observed in pork. Quality characteristics of 3 lines of turkey (Hybride, Nicholas and BUT9) were studied. The rate of pH fall post-mortem and the colour of the meat (which were evaluated in the L*a*b* system) have reinforced us in this position.

The aim of this diploma thesis was to determine the rutin content in springs and leaves of 19 elderberry species (Sambucus nigra L.) with use of liquid chromatography. Furthermore the rutin content was determined in its significant sources – rue and buckwheat. The observed values were compared in order to answer the question whether it is useful to use the elderberry spring and leaves as a new source of rutin. Theoretical part of the thesis describes elderberry in general, its chemical composition and its usage in medicine. Following part concentrates on important substances contained in elderberry – flavonoids. Also principles of extraction techniques and HPLC are discussed. In practice the rutin was gained from plant matrix with use of pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) which was performed in three five minutes long cycles. Conditions during the PHWE were set up to 80 °C and 150 bars. Obtained extract was purified with use of SPE columns and analyzed by HPLC with DAD detector (wave length – 360 nm). HPLC was performed with SUPELCOSILTMLC-8DB column. The mobile phase was composed of MeOH, H2O, and HCOOH in ration of 36:61,5:2,5. The set up flow of mobile phase was 1 ml/min. In the leaves the highest rutin content was determined in Pregarten – 26,34 ± 0,50 mg/g. On the other hand the lowest rutin content in leaves was determined in Körsör – 3,74 ± 0,13 mg/g. In springs the obtained results were as follow. The highest content was determined in Samyl – 4,87 ± 0,01 mg/g and the lowest content was determined in Heidegg 13 springs – 0,56 ± 0,01 mg/g. Also the HPLC detection limit – 6,3 . 10-5 mg/ml and quantitation limit – 2,1 . 10-4 mg/ml were determined for rutin.

I denna uppsats undersöks relationen mellan tilltro till föräldraförmåga och föräldrabeteenden över tid och huruvida föräldrars depression och föräldrastress modererar relationen. Tidigare forskning har konstaterat att tilltro till föräldraförmåga är en stark prediktor för föräldrabeteenden, och att föräldrars depression och föräldrastress minskar positiva och ökar negativa föräldrabeteenden. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka om föräldrars välmående är en omständighet då tilltro till föräldraförmåga inte är en lika stark prediktor för positiva föräldrabeteenden. Studiens hypotes är att högre nivåer av föräldrars depression och föräldrastress försvagar associationen mellan tilltro till föräldraförmåga och positiva föräldrabeteenden över tid. Urvalet i studien kommer från ett större projekt som undersökt föräldrars användning av internet och sociala medier, och hur det associerade till föräldraskap. I denna uppsats inkluderas föräldrar (N = 247) till barn i åldrarna 0-5 år och datan är insamlad vid två tillfällen via enkäter. Resultatet av moderationsanalysen går i linje med tidigare forskning och visade en predicerande effekt av tilltro till föräldraförmåga på positiva föräldrabeteenden över ett års tid. Den aktuella studien adderar kunskap om det longitudinella sambandet mellan tilltro till föräldraförmåga och positiva föräldrabeteenden hos föräldrar med barn under sex år. Resultatet visade inga signifikanta modererande effekter av föräldrars depression eller föräldrastress i associationen. Resultaten indikerar att föräldrars välmående inte leder till förändringar i deras föräldrabeteenden över tid, oavsett tilltro till föräldraförmåga. Framtida forskning bör fortsätta undersöka sambandet och använda ett normalfördelat urval gällande föräldrars depression, föräldrastress, tilltro till föräldraförmåga och föräldrabeteenden. / This thesis examined the relationship between parental self-efficacy (PSE) and parental behavior, and whether levels of parents' depression or parental stress can moderate the relationship over time. Previous research has inferred that PSE is a strong predictor for parental behaviors, further research suggests that depression and parental stress, decrease positive and increase negative parental behaviors. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate whether parents' well-being, such as parents' depression or parental stress, could be circumstances in which PSE decreases its predicting effect on positive parenting behaviors. The hypothesis is that higher levels of parents' depression or parental stress decreases the strength of the association between PSE and positive parental behavior over time. The sample is drawn from a larger longitudinal study in Sweden that investigated parents' use of internet and social media, and its link to parenting. This study included parents (N = 247) of children 0-5 years old and data was collected at two times via survey responses. Research questions were tested using moderation analysis. Results supported previous findings of a significant predicting effect of PSE on positive parenting behavior over time. In addition, the current study contributes with knowledge that a longitudinal association also exists for parents with children under six years of age. Furthermore, results showed no significant moderating effects of parents' depression or parental stress on the association of PSE and positive parenting behaviors. Findings indicate that levels of parents' depression and parental stress does not change positive parenting behaviors over time, regardless of PSE in this sample. Future research should further investigate parents’ well-being and the effects of PSE and parenting behavior and use a normally distributed sample regarding levels of depression, parental stress, parental self-efficacy and positive parenting behavior.

The development and use of web-enabled tools for watershed modeling and decision-making have gained popularity lately with the increase in internet speed and accessibility. Most of the web-enabled tools available today address the watershed problems related to a narrow discipline like hydrology, or ecology etc. This thesis presents the work done in the development of a web-enabled integrated system, named WebL2W, which can address watershed problems in a more holistic approach. WebL2W integrates models from hydrology, economics, and biology in a single shell. The integration is performed using GIS as a common platform for database and interface management. A user accesses the system over the web and chooses pre-selected land development patterns to create a 'what if' scenario. The hydrologic model simulates effects of the scenario on annual runoff volume, flood peaks of various return periods, and ground water recharge. The economics model evaluates the changes in land value, tax revenue, and government expenditures as a result of the new land development scenario. The biology model evaluates effects of new land uses to fish habitats in the watershed. The design of the system is based on current software engineering practices such as object oriented programming (OOP) and relational database management system (RDBMS). The implementation uses the Visual Basic programming environment and Active Server Pages. / Master of Science

For decades noise-induced hearing loss has been a concern of the Department of Defense (DoD). My research investigates noise generation and dispersion in supersonic jets and focuses on the fluid-dynamic regime typical of high-performance turbojet and turbofan engines. The goal of my research is to understand how dispersion and propagation of wavepackets can be modified by noise reduction strategies based on secondary injections of fluid with a different temperature from the main jet. The research is organized into three studies that focus on instability, large eddy simulations, and resolvent modes. The first study is a computational investigation of the role of thermal non-uniformity on the development of instability modes in the shear-layer of a supersonic $M= 1.5$, $Re=850,000$ jet. Cold fluid is injected at the axis of a heated jet to introduce radial non-uniformity and control the spatial development of the shear layer. The mean flow is analyzed with an efficient 2D and 3D Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach using the SU2 code platform for 3 different cases -baseline, centered, and offset injection. Different turbulence models are tested and compared with the experiments. The coherent perturbation is analyzed using linear parallel and parabolized stability equations (PSEs). The second study investigates novel formulations of large eddy simulation models using an arbitrary high order discontinuous Galerkin scheme. The LES analysis focuses on both numerical issues (such as convergence against the polynomial order of the mesh), modeling issues (such as the choice of subgrid model), and underlying physics (such as vortex stretching and noise generation). Wall models are used to capture the viscous sublayer at the nozzle. The Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) method is used for far-field noise predictions for all cases. Three-dimensionality is studied to investigate how injection in the shear layer acts to create a rotational inviscid core and affects the mixing of the cold fluid and noise dispersion. The third study extends the (first) instability study by considering (global) resolvent modes. Such optimally forced modes of the turbulent mean flow field will identify the turbulent coherent structures (wavepackets) for different turbulence models at $M=1.5$. The LES simulations performed in the second study will be used to extract the mean flow and the dynamic modes for comparison. My research plan is to perform the resolvent analysis of the axisymmetric mean flow fields for the thermally activated case (i.e., the centered injection) and compare it to the baseline jet case. Different turbulence models will be investigated to determine the correct alignment of dynamic and resolvent modes. Finally, I will consider the three-dimensional, non-axisymmetric mean flow created by offset injection described in the second study, which requires evaluating the convolution products of resolvent modes and base flow. Such three-dimensional resolvent compressible modes have never been identified in the context of supersonic jets. / Doctor of Philosophy / For decades noise-induced hearing loss has been a concern of the Department of Defense (DoD). Research in this area is critical to US national security and valued by both the aircraft industry and government. The noise generated during take-off and landing is hazardous to the crew personnel who work around this vicinity. A reduction of noise can significantly decrease medical expenditure and allow the aircraft industry to meet the stringent community noise requirements. Among the various techniques of noise reduction analyzed over the years, thermal non-uniformity stands out for its simple implementation and cost-effectiveness, especially in after-burner turbojets. Thermal non-uniformity with a cold secondary stream introduces low-velocity fluid in a supersonic jet by locally increasing the density while matching the mass flow rate. Changes to the velocity profile are localized; different regions of the jet emit sound at different frequencies and radiation angles, thus the link between injection location and noise control is not well understood. Using different computational tools this research investigates the link connecting thermal non-uniformity, turbulent production, and sound generation. Injection at different radial locations affects the two mechanisms of sound radiation in different ways. The first mechanism, the Kelvin Helmholtz instability, can be studied as an eigenvalue problem that represents the spatial growth of normal modes. De-coherence of these modal fluctuations can be obtained by injecting secondary fluid directly into the shear layer. This injection mode is called offset injection. The present research shows that the thickening of the shear layer due to low-velocity fluid delays the formation of Kelvin-Helmholtz modes in the offset case. Thus, the outskirts of the jet produce pressure fluctuations with a lower spectral energy density. The second mechanism, the Orr instability, can be analyzed as non-modal growth of acoustic perturbation forced by the breakdown of the core of the jet. LES and stability analysis shows that centered injection is highly effective in reducing the Orr radiation. Resolvent modes explain that the rationale is the delay and reduction of a secondary resonant peak between spatial eddies and forcing caused by changes in the mean profile responsive to secondary injection. Our analysis also explains why the offset injection is more effective at a low polar angle, while centered injection reduces acoustic radiation towards high polar angles. Parametric studies of different injection strategies, i.e., location and number of injection ports are performed to demonstrate the best strategy for noise level reductions.

Recently, there has been an increase in the incidence of pale soft and exudative poultry meat. Pale, soft, and exudative (PSE) meat is caused by a decline in pH early postmortem while carcass temperatures are still high. This decrease in pH leads to protein denaturation attributing to the pale color and poor water holding capacity (WHC) that is characteristic of this lesser quality meat. Pale, soft, and exudative meat has economic implications for processors with losses ranging between $2-4 million each year. Marination with salt and phosphates has been shown to improve protein functionality, thereby reducing lost meat yield and improving meat color, WHC, and texture. However, there are few studies relating marination with phosphates to improvements in PSE meat. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if color, WHC, and texture improvements could be obtained in PSE meat via marination with various phosphate and NaCl treatments without altering the quality and oxidative stability of normal or PSE meat. In Experiment 1, 12 phosphates were evaluated for improvements in pH, color, and WHC of PSE meat. From these, five phosphates were chosen based on pH, color, and WHC improvements for Experiment 2. The marinades used in Experiment 2 increased the pH, decreased the L* values of the pale fillets, and improved water holding capacity. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, sensory, and microbial analysis studies concluded that marination with high pH phosphates can reduce the undesirable characteristics of PSE meat without increasing the development of oxidation, altering flavor, or reducing shelf-life. / Master of Science

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:16:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joana Maria Gouveia Franco Duarte.pdf: 1430577 bytes, checksum: 28761ab2f725218d9c227eb62f0de64e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation object of study is the Special Social Protection (PSE) and some of its dilemmas and challenges in the contemporary reconfiguration of social assistance policy in Brazil. The general objective aimed to deepen theory on issues surrounding the PSE and to offer subsidies for reflection, discussion and action strategies to employees of the SUAS to put in effect, in order to achieve the critical perspective of Social Service in the contemporary ethnical project. The driving question of such study was the definition of what are the current dilemmas and challenges to PSE and how one can improve quality of attention to violation of rights and risks observed in the National Social Police Plan (PNAS). The main conceptual references were based on works and authors that emphasize critical perspective. The methodology included a literature review, documental research and empirical approach to the research subjects, and participant observation, since the author of this dissertation coordinates a Special Social Protection in the city of Diadema. The study focused on defining the PSE area of action and the ambience of PNAS rights violation that characterizes it, defining the path that led to PSE and shedding light contemporary issues such as: requirements for the new thinking in PSE; the multiple determinants of Specialized Care and Protection of Families and Individuals (PAEFI); current requirements for PSE professionals; the National Grading of Social Services; the interface with Law and the expression of conservative ideas by some PSE care providers The subjects of this study were: social service workers, psychologists and educators, all employees of SUAS. The main conceptualreferences were: Social Policy, Social Assistance, Social Protection in Brazil and Social Rights, Social Aid Rights, Social Security. The research confirmed the hypothesis of the need to go deeper on issues related to PSE through durable qualification processes in order to understand and lead this process of reordering PSE / A presente dissertação tem como objeto de estudo a Proteção Social Especial (PSE) e alguns dos seus dilemas e desafios contemporâneos na reconfiguração da política de assistência social brasileira. O objetivo geral visou um aprofundamento teórico sobre as questões que envolvem a PSE bem como oferecer subsídios para a reflexão, os debates e as estratégias de ação aos trabalhadores do Sistema Único de Assistência Social (Suas) para sua efetivação, contribuindo para a concretização da perspectiva crítica do Serviço Social posta no projeto ético-político contemporâneo. Formulou-se, como pergunta norteadora, quais os dilemas e desafios hoje postos à PSE e como se pode avançar na qualidade da atenção à violação de direitos e do risco previstos na Política Nacional de Assistência Social (PNAS). As principais referências conceituais foram fundamentadas em obras e autores que privilegiam a perspectiva crítica. A metodologia abrangeu pesquisa bibliográfica, pesquisa documental e aproximação empírica com os sujeitos da pesquisa, além da observação participante, uma vez que a pesquisadora coordena a Proteção Social Especial no Município de Diadema. Centrou-se em delimitar o lugar da PSE e a ambiência da violação de direitos na PNAS, o que a caracteriza, trilhando o percurso de como se chegou na PSE, e trazendo à baila questões contemporâneas como: as exigências de se pensar o novo na PSE, as múltiplas determinações do Proteção e Atendimento Especializado à Famílias e Indivíduos (Paefi), as atuais exigências profissionais para os trabalhadores da PSE, a Tipificação Nacional dos Serviços Socioassistenciais, a interface com o direito e a expressão de idéias conservadoras na atenção prestada por alguns profissionais da PSE. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram: assistentes sociais, psicólogos e educadores, todos trabalhadores do Suas. As referências conceituais principais foram: Política Social, Assistência Social, Proteção Social no Brasil e Direitos Sociais, Direitos Socioassistenciais, Seguranças Sociais. A pesquisa corroborou a hipótese da necessidade de aprofundamento das questões que envolvem a PSE por processos de qualificações mais duradouros para entender e conduzir esse processo de reordenamento da PSE

This diploma thesis follows the bachelor thesis and it?s task is to processing analysis of the occurrence of PSE meat in a population of the Czech white breed as a pigs stress syndrome impact. General problem of congenital diseases is processed in literature review. Further, this work deals with pigs stress syndrome and stress, which causes the meat defects as an external factor. Molecular - genetic methods, which are used in the practical part, are described as well. The research focused on genotyping of loci selected panel of samples, to determine the frequency of alleles and genotypes of selected locus and the statistical relationship between genotype and expression of PSE meat. Results were statistically processed and evaluated at the end.

[pt] O presente estudo se propõe a problematizar o monitoramento da imple-mentação do Programa Saúde na Escola (PSE) executado no município do Rio de Janeiro - PSE Carioca. Trata-se de uma política intersetorial municipal derivada de uma política federal com potencial para se constituir em instrumento efetivo na construção de uma Rede de Proteção Integral principalmente para as crianças da Educação Infantil. O trabalho apresenta a trajetória histórica da relação entre saú-de e escola para discutir o conceito de intersetorialidade utilizado no Programa Saúde na Escola e a relevância de sua implementação na Educação Infantil. Anali-samos os dados disponibilizados publicamente para avaliação e monitoramento do Programa em uma região específica do município do Rio de Janeiro. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental e bibliográfica que conclui que o referido programa dentro da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, em especial na Educação Infantil, tem pro-blemas no registro de suas informações, o que prejudica a avaliação e o monito-ramento do Programa. Com base nas informações disponíveis também pudemos notar indícios de desigualdades em sua implementação, o que seria justamente o oposto do objetivo do Programa. Os dados obtidos em consonância com a literatu-ra sobre o tema nos levam a questionar se estamos diante de um programa de fato intersetorial ou se o que existe é apenas uma ação de saúde pontual que ocorre no espaço físico da escola. / [en] This study aims to problematize the monitoring of the implementation of the Health at School Program (PSE) in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro - PSE Carioca. This is an intersectoral municipal policy derived from a federal policy with the potential to become an effective instrument in the construction of a Com-prehensive Protection Network, especially for children in Early Childhood Educa-tion. The paper presents the historical trajectory of the relationship between health and schools in order to discuss the concept of intersectoriality used in the Health at School Program and the relevance of its implementation in Early Childhood Education. We analyzed publicly available data for evaluating and monitoring the Program in a specific region of the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. This is a doc-umentary and bibliographical study which concludes that this program in the city of Rio de Janeiro, especially in Early Childhood Education, has problems in re-cording its information, which hinders the evaluation and monitoring of the Pro-gram. Based on the information available, we also noticed signs of inequalities in its implementation, which would be the exact opposite of the program s objective. The data obtained, in line with the literature on the subject, leads us to question whether we are dealing with a truly intersectoral program or whether what exists is just a one-off health action that takes place in the physical space of the school.

High rates of obesity are seen across the country with rural areas disproportionately affected. Based on the socio-ecological model, policy, system, and environmental approaches targeted at the population level have the potential to create more sustainable health behavior change than individual level approaches. Historically, the Cooperative Extension Service (CES) has provided direct education related to healthy eating and active living in response to high obesity rates. Utilizing the resources and infrastructure of the CES, the Centers for Disease Control challenged CESs across the country to implement PSE strategies in counties with obesity rates greater than 40% through the CDC 1416 High Obesity Project. This qualitative study examined the experiences of Family and Consumer Science (FCS) Cooperative Extension Agents in conducting PSE strategies in addition to their direct education roles within their rural counties in an effort to reduce the high prevalence of obesity. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews with ten FCS Extension agents from Kentucky and Tennessee were conducted upon completion of the project and were analyzed thematically. These FCS agents encountered several barriers while implementing PSE strategies including inadequate training and poor communication regarding responsibilities and available resources. In addition, FCS agents found PSE work to be overwhelming and time consuming. Agents felt that support from project staff and their community partners allowed them to be successful. Findings from this study will be used to better prepare FCS agents in other rural counties across the country to conduct PSE work in an effort to reduce obesity prevalence in their communities.