Les architectures de microservices sont considérées comme une architecture qui promet pour réaliser DevOps dans les organisations informatiques, car elles divisent les applications en services pouvant être mis à jour indépendamment. Toutefois, pour protéger les propriétés SLA (Service Level Agreement) lors de la mise à jour des microservices, les équipes de DevOps doivent gérer des scripts d'opérations complexes et sujets aux erreurs. Dans cet article, on utilise une approche basée sur l'architecture pour fournir un moyen simple et sûr pour mettre à jour les microservices. / Microservice architectures are considered really promising to achieve DevOps in IT organizations, because they split applications into services that can be updated independently from each others. But to protect SLA (Service Level Agreement) properties when updating microservices, DevOps teams have to deal with complex and error-prone scripts of management operations. In this paper, we leverage an architecture-based approach to provide an easy and safe way to update microservices.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-07-12T12:20:38Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Thesis - André Luis Cavalcanti Moreira.pdf: 3666881 bytes, checksum: 956e0e6be2bd9f076c0d30eea9d3ea25 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-12T12:20:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Thesis - André Luis Cavalcanti Moreira.pdf: 3666881 bytes, checksum: 956e0e6be2bd9f076c0d30eea9d3ea25 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-28 / Several works study the performance of Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) under various network infrastructure and demand conditions. Many strategies have been proposed to deal with aspects inherent to the CDN distribution model. Though mostly very effective, a traditional CDN approach of statically positioned elements often fails to meet quality of experience (QoE) requirements when network conditions suddenly change. CDN adaptation is a key feature in this process and some studies go even further and try to also deal with demand elasticity by providing an elastic infrastructure (cloud computing) to such CDNs. Each Content Provider (CP) gets served only the amount of storage space and network throughput that it needs and pays only for what has been used. Some IaaS providers offer simple CDN services on top of their infrastructure. However, in general, there is a lack of PaaS tools to create rapidly a CDN. There is no standard or open source software able to deliver CDN as a service for each tenant through well-known managers. A PaaS CDN should be able to implement content delivery service in a cloud environment, provision and orchestrate each tenant, monitor usage and make decisions on planning and dimensioning of resources. This work introduces a framework for the allocation of resources of a CDN in a multi-tenant environment. The framework is able to provision and orchestrate multi-tenant virtual CDNs and can be seen as a step towards a PaaS CDN. A simple dot product based module for network change detection is presented and a more elaborate multi-tenant resource manager model is defined. We solve the resulting ILP problem using both branch and bound as well as an efficient cache slicing algorithm that employs a three phase heuristic for orchestration of multi-tenant virtual CDNs. We finally show that a distributed algorithm with limited local information may be also offer reasonable resource allocation while using limited coordination among the different nodes. A self-organization behavior emerges when some of the nodes reach consensus. / Vários trabalhos estudam o desempenho de Redes de Distribuição de Conteúdo (CDN) em diferentes condições e demanda e de infraestrutura. Muitas estratégias têm sido propostas para lidar com aspectos inerentes ao modelo de distribuição de CDN. Embora essas técnicas sejam bastante eficazes, uma abordagem tradicional de elementos estaticamente posicionados numa CDN muitas vezes não consegue atender os requisitos de qualidade de experiência (QoE) quando as condições da rede mudam repentinamente. Adaptação CDN é uma característica fundamental neste processo e alguns estudos vão ainda mais longe e tentam lidar com a elasticidade da demanda, proporcionando uma infraestrutura elástica (computação em nuvem) para a CDN. Cada provedor de conteúdo obtém apenas a quantidade de armazenamento e de rede necessários, pagando apenas pelo efetivo uso. Alguns provedores IaaS oferecem serviços de CDN sobre suas estruturas. No entanto, em geral, não existe padrão ou softwares de código aberto capazes de entregar serviços de CDN por meio de gerenciadores. Uma CDN PaaS deve ser capaz de fornecer um serviço de entrega de conteúdo em um ambiente de nuvem, provisionar e orquestrar cada tenant, monitorar uso e tomar decisões de planejamento e dimensionamento de recursos. Este trabalho apresenta um framework para alocação de recursos de uma CDN em ambiente multi-tenant. O framework é capaz de provisionar e orquestrar CDNs virtuais e pode ser visto como um passo em direção a uma PaaS CDN. Um módulo baseado em simples produto escalar para detecção de mudanças na rede é apresentado, bem como um modelo mais elaborado de gerenciamento de recursos. Resolvemos o problema ILP resultante dessa abordagem por meio de um algoritmo de divisão de cache que emprega uma heurística em três fases para a orquestração de CDN virtuais. Por fim, mostramos uma outra abordagem com algoritmo distribuído que usa informação local e que também oferece uma alocação razoável usando coordenação limitada entre os diferentes nós. Um comportamento de auto-organização surge quando alguns desses nós chegam a um consenso.

We present an architecture for a fully decentralized peer-to-peer collaborative computing platform, offering services similar to Cloud Service Provider’s Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) model, using volunteered resources rather than dedicated resources. This thesis is motivated by three research questions: (1) Is it possible to build a peer-to-peer col- laborative system using a fully decentralized infrastructure relying only on volunteered resources?, (2) How can light virtualization be used to mitigate the complexity inherent to the volunteered resources?, and (3) What are the minimal requirements for a computing platform similar to the PaaS cloud computing platform? We propose an architecture composed of three layers: the Network layer, the Virtual layer, and the Application layer. We also propose to use light virtualization technologies, or containers, to provide a uniform abstraction of the contributing resources and to isolate the host environment from the contributed environment. Then, we propose a minimal API specification for this computing platform, which is also applicable to PaaS computing platforms. The findings of this thesis corroborate the hypothesis that peer-to-peer collaborative systems can be used as a basis for developing volunteer cloud computing infrastructures. We outline the implications of using light virtualization as an integral virtualization primitive in public distributed computing platform. Finally, this thesis lays out a starting point for most volunteer cloud computing infrastructure development effort, because it circumscribes the essential requirements and presents solutions to mitigate the complexities inherent to this paradigm.

This thesis discusses the increasing performance of Platform as a Service using virtualiza-tion. It focuses on the new trends in the provision of IT services, which is virtualization. Possibility of huge savings and improvement of performance of the hardware is interesting for every company, that's why a lot of companies want to migrate to the vir-tual infrastructure. The first part defines IT service and its categories. It describes the development of IT service and brings definitions based on multiple resources. The second part characterizes cloud computing services. This part focuses on the actual composition of the various forms of technology deployments and distribution models. Further focuses on the main benefits and disadvantages of the types of cloud computing. The focus of third part is virtualization. This part presents a five-step procedure for that matter the transition to virtualization. Chapter helps to understand the value that may pose to the enterprise virtualization. The fourth section deals with virtualization in a particular environment. This part brings specific solution of infrastructure virtualization together with the creation of the virtual machine for a new user.

In a world where software systems are essential for our everyday life, a vast amount of software errors have led to severe consequences, almost causing a nuclear war. Ensuring the quality of software systems has increasingly come into demand due to the rising complexity of technologies used in today´s solutions such as cloud computing, internet of things (IoT). Companies strive to ensure the quality of their softwares and have different approaches to do so. Some companies follow an industry standard such as ISO 9000, others develop their own standards and implement a software to ensure conformance. Quality Assurance (QA) has traditionally been implemented in the later stages of the development process. Research suggests however that early or constant implementation of QA is more likely to provide better end results. Current studies explore the stages of implementation for QA, the effects of QA and approaches for QA. Few studies however investigate how QA is approached within private companies. This study investigates the implementation of QA within private companies, the use of QA and which stage of the development process QA should be implemented. The investigation was done through suggesting a suitable approach to achieve QA for the case company Sogeti. The challenge that Sogeti faced was to ensure the quality of their PaaS components configurations. To further understand the problem, a QA plan was developed with the use of Robert P. Elliots ten steps of developing a QA specification. The QA plan indicated that a software would be a suitable approach due to the specific demands that Sogeti provided, the software would then implemented in the later stages of the QA development process before the components reach the end customer. The final prototype of the software helped discovering the amount of improper configurations that exists (38,46% components with improper configurations). Early QA might have been a better approach, assuming that the problems were discovered early. When the problems are dicovered late, the stage of QA implementation might not matter as the approach for QA is reactive. In order to draw that conclusion however, further research is needed where multiple companies are analyzed to visualize the qualitative and quantitative effects of QA.

System integration is the given solution to connecting and making different softwares and applications of today to collaborate without the need to create completely new programs or systems.       In this thesis, a component created for system integration with the purpose of being run on-premise will be the base on how a cloud based solution could be constructed and what benefits this would present, both in matters of scalability, elasticity and distribution as well as expenses. The cloud platform provider will be Microsoft Azure with the resources that are provided within and the presented solutions will primarily follow the cloud service model PaaS, presenting the benefits this provides for development within system integration.

A Computação em Nuvem (CN) é um dos temas mais abordados por profissionais de TI atualmente. Com um forte apelo econômico, a CN torna possível a ideia da computação como uma utilidade, na qual recursos computacionais (processamento e armazenamento, por exemplo) podem ser consumidos e pagos com a mesma conveniência que a energia elétrica. Com este novo paradigma, uma empresa, ao iniciar suas atividades, não necessita mais investir antecipadamente um alto capital em equipamentos de TI. Os recursos computacionais são adquiridos conforme são necessários e o consumidor paga apenas pelo que utiliza. Esta pesquisa traz uma contribuição para as organizações e para o meio acadêmico, uma vez que analisa a adoção da CN por empresas brasileiras. A pesquisa abrange empresas privadas de diversos portes e setores que tenham adotado pelo menos um serviço de TI no modelo de CN. O modelo de pesquisa foi elaborado com base nos objetivos específicos, os quais se originaram das lacunas existentes sobre o uso de serviços de CN no Brasil. A pesquisa utilizou uma amostra não probabilística contendo 96 casos, os quais contemplaram aspectos do respondente, da organização e do serviço de CN mais importante para a organização. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário e tratados estatisticamente usando técnicas não paramétricas e Análise de Agrupamentos. A pesquisa se caracteriza por ser exploratória, verificando frequências e ligações entre as características organizacionais e os serviços de CN. A pesquisa identificou as características dos serviços de CN utilizados no Brasil e o grau de aderência de cada serviço à definição de CN proposta. Adicionalmente, foram apresentadas as relações entre as características organizacionais e as características dos serviços de CN. Além disso, foi possível identificar três grupos distintos de empresas, em relação às características dos serviços de CN utilizados, e descrever às características organizacionais e dos serviços associados a cada grupo. Finalmente, a CN foi discutida à luz das Teorias de Terceirização. / Cloud Computing (CC) is one of the most discussed topics among IT professionals today. With a strong economic appeal, CC makes possible the idea of computing as a utility, in which computing resources (processing power and storage, for example) can be consumed and paid with the same convenience as electricity. In this new paradigm, a startup company does not need up-front capital to invest in advanced IT assets. The computing resources are acquired as needed and the customer pays only for what is used. This research makes an important contribution to organizations and academia, since it analyzes CC adoption by Brazilian companies. The survey covers private companies of all sizes and sectors that have adopted at least one IT service in CC model. The research model was designed based on the research specific objectives, which were made from the gaps of CC services usage in Brazil. This paper used a not randomly picked sample with 96 cases, which specified aspects of the respondent, organization and the most important CC service to the organization. Data was collected through a questionnaire and statistically analyzed using nonparametric techniques and Cluster Analysis. This research is characterized as exploratory, checking frequencies and links between organizational characteristics and CC services characteristics. This research identified the characteristics of CC services used in Brazil and the compliance degree of each service to the proposed CC definition. Additionally, we presented and discussed the relationships between organizational characteristics and characteristics of CC services. Furthermore, it was possible to identify three distinct groups of companies in relation to the characteristics of CC services they use, and describe organizational characteristics and services associated with each group. Finally, CC was discussed in the light of the Outsourcing Theories.

A Computação em Nuvem (CN) é um dos temas mais abordados por profissionais de TI atualmente. Com um forte apelo econômico, a CN torna possível a ideia da computação como uma utilidade, na qual recursos computacionais (processamento e armazenamento, por exemplo) podem ser consumidos e pagos com a mesma conveniência que a energia elétrica. Com este novo paradigma, uma empresa, ao iniciar suas atividades, não necessita mais investir antecipadamente um alto capital em equipamentos de TI. Os recursos computacionais são adquiridos conforme são necessários e o consumidor paga apenas pelo que utiliza. Esta pesquisa traz uma contribuição para as organizações e para o meio acadêmico, uma vez que analisa a adoção da CN por empresas brasileiras. A pesquisa abrange empresas privadas de diversos portes e setores que tenham adotado pelo menos um serviço de TI no modelo de CN. O modelo de pesquisa foi elaborado com base nos objetivos específicos, os quais se originaram das lacunas existentes sobre o uso de serviços de CN no Brasil. A pesquisa utilizou uma amostra não probabilística contendo 96 casos, os quais contemplaram aspectos do respondente, da organização e do serviço de CN mais importante para a organização. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário e tratados estatisticamente usando técnicas não paramétricas e Análise de Agrupamentos. A pesquisa se caracteriza por ser exploratória, verificando frequências e ligações entre as características organizacionais e os serviços de CN. A pesquisa identificou as características dos serviços de CN utilizados no Brasil e o grau de aderência de cada serviço à definição de CN proposta. Adicionalmente, foram apresentadas as relações entre as características organizacionais e as características dos serviços de CN. Além disso, foi possível identificar três grupos distintos de empresas, em relação às características dos serviços de CN utilizados, e descrever às características organizacionais e dos serviços associados a cada grupo. Finalmente, a CN foi discutida à luz das Teorias de Terceirização. / Cloud Computing (CC) is one of the most discussed topics among IT professionals today. With a strong economic appeal, CC makes possible the idea of computing as a utility, in which computing resources (processing power and storage, for example) can be consumed and paid with the same convenience as electricity. In this new paradigm, a startup company does not need up-front capital to invest in advanced IT assets. The computing resources are acquired as needed and the customer pays only for what is used. This research makes an important contribution to organizations and academia, since it analyzes CC adoption by Brazilian companies. The survey covers private companies of all sizes and sectors that have adopted at least one IT service in CC model. The research model was designed based on the research specific objectives, which were made from the gaps of CC services usage in Brazil. This paper used a not randomly picked sample with 96 cases, which specified aspects of the respondent, organization and the most important CC service to the organization. Data was collected through a questionnaire and statistically analyzed using nonparametric techniques and Cluster Analysis. This research is characterized as exploratory, checking frequencies and links between organizational characteristics and CC services characteristics. This research identified the characteristics of CC services used in Brazil and the compliance degree of each service to the proposed CC definition. Additionally, we presented and discussed the relationships between organizational characteristics and characteristics of CC services. Furthermore, it was possible to identify three distinct groups of companies in relation to the characteristics of CC services they use, and describe organizational characteristics and services associated with each group. Finally, CC was discussed in the light of the Outsourcing Theories.

Internet of things (IoT) which was once a vision is now reality in many sectors. Platform in the IoT ecosystem plays an important role in service provisioning journey by creating business value for the actors and enabling data management for the user. Service provisioning on IoT platform are application centric and is more focused on vertical development. Amalgamation of services, applications in IoT platform is the key in bringing data and society together. Interoperability and scalability is posing as hindrance for this hypothesis. On high level, identifying the cost drivers in these IoT platforms can be key for an actor to bring this hypothesis to reality. This work is one such attempt in providing cost breakdown and identifying cost drivers in IoT platform. A generic framework is proposed which dimensions the platform hardware and software to apprehend the design, development and operation cost of services considered. The framework is designed to proffer three deployment cloud strategies, On-premises, Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) and Platform as a Service (PaaS). Three business use cases are tested on this framework to arrive at the cost structure, which in turn states the cost drivers. The results suggest storage, hardware replacement and software development are major chunk of cost in the structure driven by devices/sensors in the platform and message transmission rate from those devices. Additionally, a suggestion of deployment strategies are made on each use cases to avail cost efficient services. / Internet of Things (IoT) som en gång var en vision är nu verklighet i många sektorer. Plattformen i IoT-ekosystemet spelar en viktig roll i researrangemanget genom att skapa affärsvärde för aktörerna och möjliggöra datahantering för användaren. Tjänsteleverantörer på IoT-plattformen är applikationscentriska och är mer fokuserade på vertikal utveckling. Sammanslagning av tjänster, applikationer i IoT-plattformen är nyckeln till att föra data och samhället samman. Interoperabilitet och skalbarhet utgör hinder för denna hypotes. På hög nivå kan identifiering av kostnadsdrivarna i dessa IoT-plattformar vara nyckeln för en aktör för att få denna hypotes till verklighet. Detta arbete är ett sådant försök att tillhandahålla kostnadsfördelning och identifiera kostnadsdrivare i IoT-plattformen. Ett generiskt ramverk föreslås som dimensionerar plattformshårdvaran och programvaran för att fånga konstruktions-, utvecklingsoch driftkostnaderna för betraktade tjänster. Ramverket är utformat för att erbjuda tre implementeringsmolnstrategier, lokala, infrastruktur som en tjänst (IaaS) och plattform som en tjänst (PaaS). Tre fall för affärsanvändning testas enligt denna ram för att komma fram till kostnadsstrukturen, vilket i sin tur anger kostnadsdrivarna. Resultaten tyder på att lagring, hårdvarutbyte och mjukvaruutveckling är en stor del av kostnaden i strukturen som drivs av enheter / sensorer i plattformen och överföringshastighet för meddelanden från dessa enheter. Dessutom görs ett förslag om distributionsstrategier för varje användningsfall för att utnyttja kostnadseffektiva tjänster.

I en värld där tjänstefieringsprocessen blivit alltmer vanlig och där konsumenterna börjar övergå i en förändring från att äga produkter till att i stället äga rätten att använda dem, har flera typer affärsmodeller uppstått som gör detta möjligt. En av dessa är produkt som en tjänst (Product as a Service - PaaS), som är ett relativt nytt koncept där kunden inte äger produkten, utan snarare betalar för tillgången till den. I och med att PaaS är ett relativt nytt fenomen och få studier har gjorts gällande implementationen av PaaS, syftar det här examensarbetet till att undersöka hur företag kan utföra en lyckad implementation av PaaS. Närmare bestämt ämnas följande frågeställningar besvaras: vilka är drivkrafterna och utmaningar för övergången till en PaaS-modell, samt vilka åtgärder måste vidtas och vilka förmågor krävs för att utföra en lyckad PaaS-implementation.  Referensramen är uppbyggd av relevanta artiklar inom områdena tjänstefiering, funktions-försäljning och PaaS. Utöver att förklara och koppla ihop relevanta begrepp beskrivs även de drivkrafter, utmaningar, åtgärder och förmågor som presenterats i tidigare litteratur. Det empiriska arbetet består av en kvalitativ studie där 14 respondenter med relevant kunskap inom ämnet, och som är verksamma inom företag som på något sätt stött på PaaS, intervjuas. Utifrån intervjuerna sammanställs empiriska data för att sedan i analysen jämförs mot den data som beskrivs i referensramen. I analysen resoneras det även om vilka drivkrafter, utmaningar, åtgärder och förmågor som anses vara mest relevanta. Analysen mynnar sedan ut i fyra slutsatser som svarar på frågeställningarna och besvarar syftet kring hur företag kan gå till väga för att lyckas med en PaaS-implementation. Den första slutsatsen är att de främsta drivkrafterna är att komma närmare sina kunder, bredda sitt erbjudande och ökad lönsamhet. Den andra är att de främsta utmaningarna är finansieringen och att det är svårare att sälja tjänster än produkter. Den tredje slutsatsen mynnar ut i att de främsta åtgärderna är att påvisa fördelarna med erbjudandet och att utbilda säljarna i en PaaS-försäljning. Den fjärde och sista slutsatsen kommer fram till att för en PaaS-lösning är det viktigt att inneha förmågor som gör det möjligt att transformera organisationen och paketera PaaS-lösningen, förslagsvis genom att använda insamlade data. / In a world where the servitization process has become increasingly common and where consumers are beginning to transition from owning products to instead owning the right to use them, several types of business models have emerged that make this possible. One of these is Product as a Service – PaaS, which is a relatively new concept where the customer does not own the product, but rather pays for the access to use it. As PaaS is a relatively new phenomenon and few studies have been done on the implementation of PaaS, this thesis aims to investigate how companies can conduct a successful implementation of PaaS. More precisely, the following research questions aims to be answered: what are the driving forces and challenges for a transition to a PaaS-model, and what actions and capabilities are required to perform a successful PaaS-implementation.  The frame of reference is made up of relevant articles in the areas of servitization, function sales, and PaaS. In addition to explaining and connecting relevant concepts, the driving forces, challenges, actions, and abilities presented in previous literature are also described. The empirical work consists of a qualitative study where 14 respondents, with relevant knowledge of the subject, who also are active in companies that have encountered PaaS in some way, were interviewed. The empirical data from the interviews are compiled and later in the analysis compared against data described in the frame of reference. The analysis also discusses which driving forces, challenges, actions, and capabilities are considered most relevant. The analysis is later synthesised into four conclusions that answer the research questions and fulfils the purpose of this thesis. The first conclusion is that the most important driving forces are: getting closer to their customers, broadening their offer, and increasing profitability. The second conclusion is that the main challenges are: financing, and that it is more difficult to sell services than products. The third conclusion is that the main actions are: highlight the benefits of the PaaS-offer and educate the salesforce in PaaS-selling. The Fourth and final conclusion is that the main capabilities are: transforming the organization and packaging the PaaS solution.