Orientador: Antonio Carlos de Oliveira Ferraz / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-11T21:11:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gomes_Daniel_M.pdf: 1186683 bytes, checksum: e647d097dae9cb97c9fd9cbec690f24b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: A viticultura nacional encontra-se em pleno crescimento e desenvolvimento. É atividade de importância social necessitando de intensa mão-de-obra especializada e seu produto apresenta ótimo valor agregado. Dos dois tipos de uvas de mesa existentes, as 'Finas¿ e as 'Comuns¿, a 'Niagara Rosada¿ pertence ao último, sendo a uva de maior consumo no Brasil e considerada como referência de uva de mesa brasileira. É fruta sensível e pode sofrer danos na colheita, beneficiamento e transporte. Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal avaliar o efeito da vibração na qualidade da uva 'Niagara Rosada¿, das classes III e V, acondicionada em embalagens de madeira e papelão ondulado. As uvas foram submetidas a um período de vibração simulando transporte rodoviário; foram armazenadas e observadas segundo a variação temporal da qualidade avaliada, dando-se notas aos quesitos tais como dano profundo, doença, degrana, dano leve, aparência do engaço, perda de massa, firmeza do bago e força de destacamento do pedúnculo, num período de cinco dias de armazenamento. Durante as avaliações foram encontrados dois tipos de danos, classificados como atemporais, que podem ser caracterizados logo após a solicitação mecânica e representados pelo dano leve e dano profundo e os danos classificados como temporais que, sob determinadas condições, progrediram temporalmente tais como a degrana, doença e aparência do engaço. Observou-se, também, que as caixas de madeira e papelão ondulado ofereceram proteção semelhante à uva 'Niagara Rosada¿ em relação à vibração. O acondicionamento dos cachos em duas camadas provocou danos leves e profundos no contato entre os bagos de cada camada, especialmente nos cachos da classe V. A vibração provocou perda de massa diferenciada para as duas classes consideradas. As variações de firmeza e de força de destacamento dos bagos não discriminaram os distintos tratamentos. A perda de massa e a senescência apresentaram alta correlação com a aparência dos frutos mostrando-se como indicativos adequados da qualidade da uva / Abstract: The Brazilian viticulture is in full growth and development. It consists in a important activity for the society for it requires intensive specialized labor and it has excellent added value. Between the two existing sorts of table grapes American and Europeans, the 'Niagara Rosada¿ belongs to the first one. It is the most consumed grape in Brazil and considered as a Brazilian table grape reference. It is a sensitive fruit and most likely to be injured during harvest, grading and transportation. This work aimed as main objective to evaluate the effect of vibration on the quality of 'Niagara Rosada¿ grapes, in two different grades (Brazilian grades III and V) packed in wood and corrugated cardboard. The grapes were submitted to a vibration period to simulate road transportation followed by storage. They were evaluated from time to time considering severe mechanical damage, disease, natural berry detachment, light mechanical damage, appearance of the cluster, mass loss, berry firmness and detachment force, along five days. There were found two different types of damage. The ones the could be observed right after vibration represented by the severe and light damages were called time independent. The other type, temporal damage, consisted in those damages that progressed with time such as natural berry detachment, disease and appearance of the cluster It was also observed that either wooden or cardboard boxes offered similar protection to the clusters when submitted to vibration. Packing the clusters in two layers promoted light and severe damages between berries in contact of both layers, specially the bigger clusters. Vibration also promoted different mass loss for the two different cluster classes. The variation of the firmness and detachment force of the berries were not significant to discriminate among treatments. Values of mass loss and senescence showed high positive correlation with fruit appearance point to be good indicators of fruit quality / Mestrado / Tecnologia Pós-Colheita / Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola

Esta tese apresenta o estudo das placas recicladas provenientes de embalagens Longa Vida. São compostas principalmente por polietileno de baixa densidade, alumínio e resíduos de papel. Embora as placas recicladas sejam tratadas como sustentáveis e aplicadas nas edificações com resultados positivos, são poucos os dados publicados que apresentam sua caracterização geral. Outros problemas foram identificados, como a necessidade de melhoria na tecnologia para produção, dificuldade na aceitação estética e pouco design incorporado aos produtos e objetos resultantes. Apesar dos problemas, a observação do uso crescente dessas placas resultou no traçado da hipótese desta pesquisa: as placas podem ser mais eficientes e atrativas para especificação, se utilizadas com design incorporado aos componentes arquitetônicos. A partir disso, o trabalho busca dois objetivos essenciais: traçar um perfil de caracterização técnica e de design relacionados ao material e, a partir desse repertório, apresentar propostas projetuais alternativas para uso na arquitetura. Para tanto, foram estudadas as conceituações sobre materialidade, as abordagens técnicas, estéticas e culturais e a reciclagem e produção das placas, além de ensaios térmicos de condutividade térmica e calor específico, absortância, envelhecimento acelerado em câmera de UV e o ensaio complementar de transição vítrea. A caracterização estética gerou dados sistematizados sobre textura, tamanho, espessura e estudos compositivos com outros materiais. Por fim, foram criadas três propostas projetuais como indicativos de novas possibilidades de uso das placas. Este estudo concluiu que as placas de polietileno-alumínio podem ser utilizadas em várias superfícies arquitetônicas, desde que cuidadosamente incorporadas aos sistemas, prezando-se a qualidade da produção, projeto, design e acabamento. / This thesis presents the study of plates from recycled cartoon packaging. They are composed mainly of low density polyethylene, aluminum and paper waste. Although the plates are treated as recycled and sustainable, applied in building with positive results, there are few published data to show their general characterization. Other problems were identified: need for improvement of production technology, difficulty in accepting some design aesthetics and few design incorporated to the products and the resulting objects. Despite the problems, the observation of the growing use of these plates resulted in the design of the hypothesis of this research: the plates can be more efficient and attractive to specification if used with design incorporated into the architectural components. Based on this, the work seeks two essential goals: a profile of technical characterization and design-related material, and from this repertoire, present proposals about design alternatives for use in architecture. To this end, were studied the concepts of materiality, in technical, aesthetics and cultural approaches and the recycling and production of plates, besides the thermal tests of thermal conductivity and specific heat, absorptance, accelerated aging and UV camera and additional test of glass transition. The aesthetic characterizations generated systematic data on texture, size, thickness and compositional studies with other materials. Finally, were created three project proposals as indicative of new possibilities to use the plates. Through this study it can be concluded that the polyethylene-aluminum plates can be used in various architectural surfaces, as long as they are carefully incorporated into the systems, maintaining the quality the quality of production, design and finish.

The pollution of the oceans through plastics has received global wide media coverageover the last years. Also, micro-plastics in ground water and even in fish had beendetected, which leads to increased awareness of waste-reduction. Since the beginning ofthis decade, more bulk food stores open in Germany’s cities and provide an alternative toconventional, packaged products.Plastics and so-called micro-plastics have been found in the bodies of seabirds and in fish.There is an imminent danger of plastics ending up in the human bodies while it travels upthe food chain.In order to reduce their impact on the environment, an increasing number of customersengages in the zero-waste movement. To reduce single-use plastics, customers can shoptheir groceries in bulk-food stores, which allow shopping loose goods from largecontainers in contrast to individually packed items in regular supermarkets. Customerscan bring their own reusable packaging to buy mostly dry foods such as vegetables, pasta,nuts, grains but also some liquids such as oil, honey etc. The stores often also include anon-food section where additional consumable products can be bought.The paper identified a research gap in regards the store concept of bulk-stores which isan emerging trend in Germany since 2014.This thesis analyzes the motivators of bulk-food store shoppers in Germany based on anadapted version of the Theory of Planned Behavior by Izek Ajzen. The frameworkthereby builds upon research conducted by Maloney et al. (2014) who tested motivatorsof organic clothing customers.The research identified a significant positive influence of the Personal Norm and asignificant negative correlation between Perceived Expensiveness on the PurchaseIntention of the customers.The main barriers for bulk food shoppers were identified as the distance to the next store,the product portfolio and perceived high prices. Other issues have been discovered butwere – in comparison –only of secondary relevance.The paper contributes to closing the gap in literature between bulk foods and othersustainability-related topics, such as organic products and their production. Furthermore,it provides a foundation for future research on the topic.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2017-08-02T16:14:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Valentina Marques Da Rosa_.pdf: 1176563 bytes, checksum: 7ee335112074ee2dcdf24845d4d1517e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-02T16:14:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Valentina Marques Da Rosa_.pdf: 1176563 bytes, checksum: 7ee335112074ee2dcdf24845d4d1517e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-30 / Nenhuma / Compreender mais profundamente o usuário e a sua experiência com os objetos é crucial para o design, já que a partir desse conhecimento é possível projetar focando em necessidade específicas. Com esse propósito, devem entender como as pessoas, através da percepção, entrarão em contato com os produtos, e como será esse encontro. Não só o produto em si é importante para a experiência. A embalagem é o primeiro contato que o usuário terá com ele, e pesquisas mostram que a sua cor e forma podem aumentar a preferência por um produto específico. Com isso em mente, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo geral mensurar o impacto das variáveis tangíveis da embalagem – forma e cor – na experiência do usuário. Para tanto, foi utilizado um delineamento experimental, contando com dois estudos. O primeiro manipulou duas variáveis independentes intragrupos, forma (arredondada e angular) e cor (escalas de cinza, de cores quentes e de cores frias), e as variáveis dependentes de preferência e associações de sabor, com uma amostra de cinquenta pessoas. Utilizou, para tanto, embalagens sem a identificação do produto. Os resultados encontrados indicaram que a cor é mais significativa do que a forma para as variáveis estudadas, não havendo diferença entre quentes e frias, com as cinzas apresentando médias muito menores quando comparadas às outras duas. Sobre os sabores, não houve efeito significativo para forma, enquanto a cor foi significativa em todos eles menos no sabor amargo. No segundo experimento foram manipuladas três variáveis independentes, também intragrupos: forma (arredondada e angular), cor (escalas de cores quentes e de cores frias) e tipo de produto (biscoito amanteigado e de cereal). Como variáveis dependentes, a percepção de o quão saudável um produto aparenta ser foi mensurada, assim como preferência, com uma amostra de cento e duas pessoas. Nesse experimento, foram utilizadas imagens de embalagens mais realistas, contendo a identificação do produto. Como resultados para preferência, a cor foi significativa, com as frias apresentando médias maiores, assim como o tipo de produto, com as amanteigadas apresentando médias maiores. Sobre o quão saudável um produto aparenta ser, todas as variáveis independentes apresentaram efeitos significativos, com as embalagens angulares, frias e amanteigadas apresentando médias maiores quando comparadas às outras. / Understanding the user more deeply and their experience with objects is crucial for design, since from this knowledge it is possible to design focusing on specific needs. With this purpose, they must understand how people, through perception, will come into contact with products, and what that encounter will be like. Not only is the product itself important for the experience. Packaging is the first contact the user will have with it, and research shows that packaging’s color and shape may increase the preference for a specific product. With this in mind, this research has as a general objective to measure the impact of the tangible variables of packaging - shape and color - in the user experience. For this, an experimental design was used, counting on two studies. The first one manipulated two independent intragroup variables, shape (rounded and angular) and color (gray scales, warm colors and cool colors), and the dependent variables of preference and flavor associations, with a sample of fifty people. For it, packaging without product identification were used. The results indicated that color is more significant than shape for the studied variables, with no difference between warm and cool, with the gray having much lower averages when compared to the other two. About the flavors, there was no significant effect for shape, while color was significant in all of them, except in the bitter taste. In the second experiment, three independent variables were manipulated, also intragroups: shape (rounded and angular), color (warm and cool scales) and type of product (buttery biscuit and cereal). As dependent variables, the perception of how healthy a product appears to have been measured, as well as preference, with a sample of one hundred and two people. In this experiment, more realistic packaging images were used, containing the product identification. As results for preference, the color was significant, with the cool ones having higher averages, as well as the type of product, with the butters presenting higher averages. Regarding how healthy a product appears to be, all the independent variables had significant effects, with the angular, cool and buttery packages presenting higher averages when compared to the others.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-10-01T11:47:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Márcio Rafael Stracke_.pdf: 1667083 bytes, checksum: 7f8c37d9c5a822527980feaaec50278e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-01T11:47:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Márcio Rafael Stracke_.pdf: 1667083 bytes, checksum: 7f8c37d9c5a822527980feaaec50278e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-06 / HT Micron / Com o avanço da microeletrônica, cada vez mais surgem dispositivos eletrônicos portáteis. Isso traz diversos desafios à cadeia de semicondutores, desde o projeto, no desenvolvimento de circuitos integrados menores e mais eficientes até o encapsulamento, uma vez que os componentes tem ficado menores, mais finos e com um número maior de pinos de entrada e saída. Esses desafios estão presentes em todos os processos de fabricação de um chip e podemos citar a moldagem como um processo crítico em especial. A tecnologia de moldagem por transferência, que está consolidada e é a principal utilizada neste processo, necessita de cuidados especiais na otimização de seus parâmetros e materiais, tendo em vista os fatores citados e a consequente redução do diâmetro dos fios que realizam a interconexão do die com o substrato. Neste cenário, o wire sweep, que é o arraste destes fios de solda devido ao escoamento do encapsulante, acaba se tornando um problema, já que perdas no processo de moldagem implicam em sucatear o componente. A taxa de falhas devido a este tipo de falha podem chegar a 2,5%, segundo estudos de grandes fabricantes da cadeia de semicondutores divulgado em (SANDGREN; ROTH, 2004). Neste trabalho foi simulado o processo de moldagem de memórias DRAM com encapsulament do tipo BOC BGA, utilizando o módulo de FSI do software COMSOL. Os resultados da razão de wire sweep obtidos na simulação ficaram dentro do intervalo da média com um desvio padrão, na comparação com os valores reais medidos em peças fabricadas na condição simulada, tendo como erro máximo 15,26%. / The advancement of microelectronics makes more and more portable electronic devices emerge in our daily lives. This brings a number of challenges to the semiconductor chain, from design, to the development of smaller and more efficient integrated circuits to encapsulation, since the components have become smaller, thinner, and with a larger number of input and output pins. These challenges are present in all chip fabrication processes and we can define molding as a critical process in particular. The transfer molding technology, which is consolidated and the main one used in this process, requires special care in the optimization of its parameters and materials, since there are more and shorter wires realizing the connection between the die and the substrate. The wire sweep, which is the entrainment of the wires due to the flow of the mold compound, becomes a problem, since losses in the molding process imply scrapping the component. The failure rate due to this type of failure can reach 2.5%, according to studies by major semiconductor chain manufacturers disclosed in (SANDGREN; ROTH, 2004). In this project the DRAM memory molding process with BOC BGA encapsulation type was simulated using the FSI module in COMSOL software. Results of wire sweep ratio obtained are within the average adding or subtracting one standard deviation and the maximum error rate ranging was 15.26% considering manufactured boards using the simulation parameters.

Submitted by William Justo Figueiro (williamjf) on 2015-07-28T21:13:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 29d.pdf: 5062715 bytes, checksum: cd88833943fdda76934cc4aaa6dba937 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-28T21:13:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 29d.pdf: 5062715 bytes, checksum: cd88833943fdda76934cc4aaa6dba937 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Nenhuma / Um dos principais objetivos das empresas da área de alimentação consiste em desenvolver e introduzir produtos com embalagens inovadoras no mercado, num período de tempo reduzido. A possibilidade de criar e sustentar uma vantagem competitiva, baseada na criação de embalagens, com design inovador e estratégico, faz com que este estudo investigue quais são as metodologias ou processos utilizados para o desenvolvimento de embalagens pelas empresas/escritórios de design do extremo oeste de Santa Catarina e busca construir, com base no comparativo, uma proposta de Design Estratégico para o setor, trazendo como questão de fundo a problemática da sustentabilidade. Com base no estudo realizado, foi possível identificar que a embalagem e a capacidade de inovação são fatores decisivos na seleção de um produto alimentar; além disso, observou-se que todas as características identificadas na literatura sobre a embalagem são importantes na sua definição. A par dessas constatações, faz-se necessário um estudo aprofundado sobre as características do processo de desenvolvimento de embalagens realizado pelas agências e escritórios de design da região extremo oeste de Santa Catarina, em específico, nas cidades de Xanxerê, Chapecó e São Miguel do Oeste. O estudo busca contribuir para que o processo de Desenvolvimento de Embalagens seja aprimorado e mais eficiente. / A major objective of companies is to develop and introduce products with innovative packaging in the market in a short period of time. The ability to create and sustain a competitive advantage, based on the creation of packages with innovative design and strategy, makes this study investigates what are the methods or processes used to develop packages for companies / offices of Design of the western tip of Santa Catarina and seeks to build on the basis of comparison, a proposal for a Strategic Design for the sector, as a matter of bringing back the issue of sustainability. Based on this study, we observed that the packaging and innovative capacity are critical factors in selecting a food product, in addition, we observed that all the characteristics identified in the literature on the packaging are important in their definition. In addition to these findings, it is necessary a detailed study of the characteristics of the Development Process of Packaging held by agencies and offices of Design westernmost region of Santa Catarina, in particular in the cities of Xanxerê, Chapecó and São Miguel do Oeste. The study seeks to contribute to the process of development is improved and more efficient packaging.

[pt] O novo sistema de consumo estabelecido pela sociedade moderna, atribuído pela cultura do desenvolvimento ilimitado, gerou um cenário insustentvel com impactos ambientais evidentes. Esses impactos são manifestados pela ampla disseminação de resíduos, principalmente, os resíduos plásticos. Sendo assim, esse trabalho se fundamenta na discussão das implicações resultantes do consumo demasiado de embalagens plásticas no Brasil. Para tanto, parte-se da análise do mercado atual de plásticos, os setores envolvidos na fabricação e consumo de embalagens derivadas do produto, assim como das determinações da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos. A qual preceitua a redução, o reuso e reciclagem dos produtos como princípio orientador de ações socioambientais corretas, além de apontar - como uma das formas de operacionalização do processo - a celebração de Acordos Setoriais como um instrumento legal para cumprir o princípio de poluidor-pagador, contando com a participação das cooperativas de materiais recicláveis como integrantes no processo da reciclagem desse setor. Consubstanciadas nesse contexto, a ideia é propor, no estudo, alternativas de consumo de embalagens menos agressivas e mais sustentáveis, apoiadas por uma revisão conceitual dos materiais plásticos oriundos de fontes renováveis, visando à construção de novas formas de uso do plástico que impactem menos o meio ambiente. Dessa forma, permitindo a construção de formas mais sustentáveis do uso mais consciente de embalagens de modo geral. / [en] The current Brazilian economic development is associated with the stimulus to consumerism, which favors the waste and rapid disposal of products. This consumption trend is driven by the technological innovation of products, defined as a growth strategy established by companies. As a result, this system contributes to the intense generation of Urban Solid Waste (USW) and the exploitation of natural resources, which become increasingly scarce, generating clear environmental impacts. These impacts are manifested by the spread of waste in the environment, especially plastic waste. Thus, the study aims to discuss the current market for plastics besides the impacts associated with the consumption of plastic packaging in Brazil. In addition, the National Solid Waste Policy from 2010 (NSWP/2010) is examined, which establishes the actions of reduction, reuse and recycling of products, with a focus on appropriate socio-environmental practices. The NSWP / 2010 describes in its art. 6th: (...) the recognition of reusable and recyclable solid waste as an economic good and of social value, generator of work and income and promoter of citizenship (Brazil, 2010). It establishes a means of the operationalization of compliance with the guiding principles process, as the use of Sector Agreements as a legal means to comply with the polluter-pays principle, relying on the participation of cooperatives of recyclable material collectors as part of the process of recycling. Therefore, through a conceptual review of plastic materials from renewable sources, the idea is to propose less aggressive alternatives, regarding the consumption of plastic packaging in Brazil, considering more sustainable ways in the use of plastic products.

<div>The objective of this doctoral research was to develop a versatile inverse heat transfer approach, that would enable the solution of small scale problems present in microelectronics, as well as the analysis of the complex heat flux in turbines. An inverse method is a mathematical approach which allows the resolution of problems starting from the solution. In a direct problem, the boundary conditions are given, and using the governing physics principles and equations you can calculate the solution or physical effect. In an inverse method, the solution is provided and through the physical equations, the boundary conditions can be determined. Therefore, the inverse method applied to heat transfer means that we know the variation of temperature (effect) over time and space. With the temperature input, the geometry, thermal properties of the test article and the heat diffusion equation, we can compute the spatially- and temporally-varying heat flux that generated the temperature map.</div><div><br></div><div>This doctoral dissertation develops two inverse methodologies: (1) an optimization methodology based on the conjugate gradient method and (2) a function specification method combined with a regularization technique, which is less robust but much faster. We implement these methodologies with commercial codes for solving conductive heat transfer with COMSOL and for conjugate heat transfer with ANSYS Fluent.</div><div><br></div><div>The goal is not only the development of the methods but also the validation of the techniques in two different fields with a common purpose: quantifying heat dissipation. The inverse methods were applied in the micro-scale to the dissipation of heat in microelectronics and in the macro-scale to the gas turbine engines.<br></div><div><br></div><div>In microelectronics, we performed numerical and experimental studies of the two developed inverse methodologies. The intent was to predict where heat is being dissipated and localized hot spots inside of the chip from limited measurements of the temperature outside of the chip. Here, infrared thermography of the chip surface is the input to the inverse methods leveraging thermal model of the chip. Furthermore, we combined the inverse methodology with a Kriging interpolation technique with genetic algorithm optimization to optimize the location and number of the temperature sensors inside of the chip required to accurately predict the thermal behavior of the microchip at each moment of time and everywhere.<br></div><div><br></div><div>In the application for gas turbine engines, the inverse method can be useful to detect or predict the conditions inside of the turbine by taking measurements in the outer casing. Therefore, the objective is the experimental validation of the technique in a wind tunnel especially designed with optical access for non-contact measurement techniques. We measured the temperature of the outer casing of the turbine rotor with an infrared camera and surface temperature sensors and this information is the input of the two methodologies developed in order to predict which the heat flux through the turbine casing. A new facility, specifically, an annular turbine cascade, was designed to be able to measure the relative frame of the rotor from the absolute frame. In order to get valuable data of the heat flux in a real engine, we need to replicate the Mach, Reynolds, and temperature ratios between fluid and solid. Therefore, the facility can reproduce a large range of pressures and flow temperatures. Because some regions of interest are not accessible, this researchprovides a significant benefit for understanding the system performance from limited data. With inverse methods, we can measure the outside of objects and provide an accurate prediction of the behavior of the complete system. This information is relevant not only for new designs of gas turbines or microchips, but also for old designs where due to lack of prevision there are not enough sensors to monitor the thermal behavior of the studied system.<br></div><div><br></div>

Les micro-dispositifs comportant des structures libérées et mobiles sont d’une part très sensibles aux variations de leur environnement de travail, et d’autre part très fragiles mécaniquement. L’étape de découpe du substrat en plusieurs puces est extrêmement agressive et peut entrainer la destruction totale des micro-dispositifs. L’encapsulation avant la découpe va alors prémunir les micro-composants lors de cette étape critique et continuer à garantir leur bon fonctionnement tout au long de leur utilisation en conservant la stabilité et la fiabilité de leur performance. Le conditionnement doit en outre interfacer les micro-dispositifs encapsulés avec le monde macroscopique en vue de leur utilisation. De nombreux procédés de fabrication ont déjà été développés pour l’élaboration d’un conditionnement. C’est le cas de l’encapsulation puce par puce, substrat - substrat, par couche sacrificielle par exemple. Ils sont toutefois très contraignants (encombrement, compatibilité, coût, …). Nous avons étudié, au cours de cette thèse, un procédé innovant de conditionnement hermétique par transfert de film utilisant une couche à adhésion contrôlée. Cette technologie consiste à élaborer des capots protecteurs sur le substrat moule puis à les reporter collectivement pour encapsuler les micro-dispositifs. Ce procédé est totalement compatible avec un interfaçage électrique de composant qui traverse les cordons de scellement ou le capot. Ce procédé nécessite la maîtrise de la croissance de divers films (C, CxFy, Ni, AlN, parylène, BCB, Au-In) et permet d’obtenir des boitiers étanches, hermétiques et robustes qui devraient très rapidement pouvoir être utilisés pour le conditionnement de MEMS. / Micro-devices which are composed of free standing or mobile structures are very sensitive to the working condition and mechanically very fragile. The saw dicing steps is very aggressive and it can destroy the micro-devices. Packaging will prevent the micro devices from any damage during this critical step and also take care of it all along its life by controlling its performance stability and reliability. Moreover, the suited devices use needs a connection to the macroscopic word through the packaging. Many packaging process flow has already developed such as pick and place, wafer to wafer, thin film packaging with a sacrificial layer. Nevertheless, they have got many drawbacks (footprint, process compatibility, cost …). We have developed an attractive wafer level hermetic packaging process by film transfer technology during this these. It relies on a transferred molded film cap from a carrier wafer to the donor wafer. Electrical path can be done through the cap or the bonding ring. Cap manufacturing need a high layer growth skill for example in C, CxFy, Ni, AlN, parylène, BCB, Au-In films to make robust, hermetic encapsulation which should be soon used for MEMS packaging.

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / O setor que vem crescendo nos Ãltimos anos à o de bebidas. Em todos os paÃses os levantamentos estatÃsticos revelam nÃmeros crescentes de consumo, tanto per capita quanto global. Esses valores sÃo mais expressivos quando se refere a bebidas obtidas de frutas, pelo fato das mesmas se constituÃrem fontes importantes de vitaminas e minerais para a dieta humana, alÃm de seus atrativos sabores. O Norte e Nordeste do Brasil, por exemplo, sÃo regiÃes privilegiadas neste particular. Portanto, pode-se dizer que à ainda muito inibida, a iniciativa de desenvolver formas de exploraÃÃo desses potenciais, com o objetivo de desenvolver nÃctares. Este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver um nÃctar misto a base de suco integral de caju e polpa de aÃaÃ. Foi realizado atravÃs de um planejamento experimental composto central 22, onde as variÃveis foram percentuais de polpa de aÃaà (20 a 80%), percentual de suco de caju integral (20 a 80%) e percentual de polpa total (30 a 60%). O teor de sÃlidos solÃveis totais foi fixado em 11ÂBrix. As onze formulaÃÃes foram submetidas a testes sensoriais de impressÃo global, aparÃncia, sabor e intenÃÃo de compra, realizadas com 70 provadores nÃo treinados. A melhor formulaÃÃo selecionada atravÃs das respostas dadas pelos provadores, com auxilio da ferramenta estatÃstica de anÃlise de superfÃcie de resposta, foi aquela com 30,0% do teor de polpa total, sendo, 54,2% de polpa de aÃaÃ, e 45,8% de suco de caju integral. O nÃctar elaborado foi envasado em embalagens de vidro e PET. O nÃctar final selecionado foi submetido Ãs anÃlises quÃmicas, fÃsico-quÃmicas, microbiolÃgicas e sensoriais. Os resultados para as anÃlises quÃmicas e fÃsico-quÃmicas nÃo apresentaram interaÃÃo significativa (p>0,05) entre embalagens e tempo de armazenamento exceto para os aÃÃcares totais que apresentaram interaÃÃo significativa (p&#8804;0,05). Os resultados microbiolÃgicos foram satisfatÃrios para coliformes (35ÂC e 45ÂC) e salmonella sp. Para os resultados sensoriais, realizados com 100 provadores nÃo treinados, nÃo ocorreram alteraÃÃes significativas ao nÃvel de 5% de probabilidade, entre as embalagens (PET e vidro) e os tempos (zero e trinta dias), nos parÃmetros de aparÃncia, sabor, impressÃo global e intenÃÃo de compra. / The sector of beverages is increasing in recent years. In the majority of countries the statistical data show increasing consumption per capita and global. These values are more expressive when are related to beverage obtained from fruits, due to the fact that they constitute important source of vitamins and minerals for the human diet besides as possessing flavors. The northeast and north regions of Brazil occupy important place due large cultivation of the fruits particularly tropical and sub-tropical fruits. Therefore it can be said still there is very little initiative for exploration of this potential including the obtaining of nectars. This study had the purpose to develop mixed nectar based on cashew apple juice and acai pulp, through an experimental model of 22 where the variables were percentage of aÃaà pulp (20 to 80%) and percentage of cashew juice (20 to 80 %) and total pulp percentage (30 to 60%). The amount of total soluble solids contents was fixed at 11ÂBrix. The eleven formulations were submitted to sensorial analysis of global impression, appearance, flavor and buying intention, performed by 70 non trained panelists. The best formulation selected through the responses given by the panelists, with the help of statistical analysis of surface response methodology was that 30% of total pulp content, being 54.2% aÃaà pulp and 45.8% cashew apple juice. The nectars were packed in glass and PET bottles. The results of chemical and physicochemical analysis donât presented significant interaction (p > 0.05) between packaging and storage time, except for the total sugars that presented significant interaction (p < 0.05). The microbiological results were satisfactory for coliforms (35  C and 45  C) and Salmonella sp. There were no significant interaction (p > 0.05) between packaging (PET and glass) and storage time (zero and 30 days) to the sensory attributes of appearance, taste and overall impression and to intention to purchase.