Defines State Hope Scale.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is an extremely prevalent and concerning social issue, with limited current intervention and prevention strategies. Batterer intervention programs (BIPs) have demonstrated some small effects of programs in reducing offender recidivism, however there is a growing understanding that not all offenders respond similarly to batterer intervention and the problem of IPV persists. Restorative justice programs including impact panels may be an important addition to BIPs, but research is extremely limited on impact panel effectiveness and whether panels are appropriate for IPV or pose additional safety risks to survivors. The current study consists of a naturalistic mixed-methods evaluation of the use of IPV impact panels in the context of batterer intervention. Data collection methods include an ethnographic inquiry of the program setting and participant experiences, archival data analysis of offender responses to the panel (N = 287), and focus groups (k = 4) with survivors, offenders, and BIP providers to investigate the panel's impact on survivors and offenders and generate potential indicators of panel outcomes for survivors and offenders. Findings suggest that panel impacts on survivors include reaching new understandings, healing, and empowerment; panel impacts on offenders include connection with survivor speakers, reaching new understandings, and healing. Implications, limitations, and future aims of this program of research are discussed.

This dissertation identified and developed indicators of a new potential predictor of relationship satisfaction and intimate partner violence (IPV): discrepancies between the ideal and perceived gendered characteristics of romantic partners. Past research has overlooked the implicitly gendered nature of these "partner-ideals." Two pilot studies were conducted to develop measures of gendered partner-ideals and -perceptions based on existing measures of gender ideology. The main study examined survey data collected online from adults (n = 643) living in the U.S. who were in a heterosexual romantic relationship for at least six months. Three main hypotheses were tested regarding the associations among gender ideology, gendered partner-ideals, gendered partner-perceptions, gendered partner-ideal discrepancies, relationship satisfaction, and experiences with IPV. While confirmatory factor analyses supported the reliability of the new measures of masculine-ideals and -perceptions, results did not support the hypothesized factor structure of the feminine measures. Thus, only hypotheses utilizing women's data were tested. This measurement limitation resulted in an unanticipated focus on women's IPV perpetration for Hypothesis Two. However, these data are valuable in their uniqueness. Hypothesis One was supported: women's masculinity ideology positively correlated with the corresponding masculine-ideal for each subscale of the respective measures as well as for the aggregate measures. Tests of Hypothesis Two showed that women's masculine-ideal discrepancies predicted their emotional abuse perpetration, but not their physical assault or injury perpetration, mediated by relationship satisfaction. However, this effect was small. Hypothesis Three had mixed support. Women's aggregate masculine-partner perceptions were positively associated with their reports of emotional abuse victimization. Additionally, women's reports of most types of IPV victimization positively correlated with perceptions of their male partners' conformity to the specific norms of negativity toward sexual minorities and restrictive emotionality. Contributions of this dissertation and implications of the results are discussed. A major contribution is the creation of masculine-ideals and -perceptions measures that can be used in future research on relationships. Study results suggest that gendered partner-ideals and -perceptions, beyond gender-ideology, have relevance to the functioning of romantic relationships--including both relationship satisfaction and some kinds of IPV. Future research should continue to investigate the validity of the created measures and explore the possibility of using discrepancies between gendered partner-ideals and -perceptions to prevent and intervene in abusive romantic relationships.

<p>The purpose of this study was to do a narrative survey of the discussion about violence in partner relationships that is held in research literature. The question at issue was: How do research literature discuss violence in partner relationships, with focus on heterosexual relationships? The eight primary documents that have been chosen are written by researchers, professional therapists, National Counsil for Women's protection (Nationellt Råd för Kvinnofrid, NRK) and Swedish Government Official Report (Statens Offentliga Utredningar, SOU). To investigate the theories, discover the similarities and differences between them and how they can complement each other, the documents statements has been analyzed with a dialectic-hermeneutic approach and social constructionism and discourse theory.</p><p>The research findings showed that the gender perspective theory, the psychodynamic theory and the social psychology theory have a few things in common, but that they on the whole are different and contradict each other. The gender perspective theory dominates the discussion but needs to be combined with the other theories to give a more all-embracing understanding. A multidimensional model seems to be necessary.</p>

The purpose of this study was to do a narrative survey of the discussion about violence in partner relationships that is held in research literature. The question at issue was: How do research literature discuss violence in partner relationships, with focus on heterosexual relationships? The eight primary documents that have been chosen are written by researchers, professional therapists, National Counsil for Women's protection (Nationellt Råd för Kvinnofrid, NRK) and Swedish Government Official Report (Statens Offentliga Utredningar, SOU). To investigate the theories, discover the similarities and differences between them and how they can complement each other, the documents statements has been analyzed with a dialectic-hermeneutic approach and social constructionism and discourse theory. The research findings showed that the gender perspective theory, the psychodynamic theory and the social psychology theory have a few things in common, but that they on the whole are different and contradict each other. The gender perspective theory dominates the discussion but needs to be combined with the other theories to give a more all-embracing understanding. A multidimensional model seems to be necessary.

Hjärtinfarkt är ett av de största folkhälsoproblemen i Sverige. Nästan 37 000 personer insjuknade i akut hjärtinfarkt år 2006. Livet efter en hjärtinfarkt kan innebära stora förändringar för den drabbade. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva hur patienter efter en genomgången hjärtinfarkt upplever att relationen och vardagen med partnern förändras. Litteraturstudien har en kvalitativ ansats. Vetenskapliga artiklar söktes i databaser. De artiklar som inkluderades till analysen genomlästes och genomgick en kvalitetsbedömning. Analysen baserades på 12 artiklar och resulterade i sex teman: hjärtinfarktens inverkan på relationen; undanhållande av känslor; rollbyte och ansvarsfördelning inom relationen; överbeskydd; stöd samt sexualitet och beröring. Huvudfyndet i analysen är att patienter av olika anledningar upplever överbeskydd från sina partners efter en hjärtinfarkt. Andra fynd är att patienter upplever att partnern är en viktig resurs för att få stöd och uppmuntran. Patienter uppskattar tiden med sin partner mer efter en hjärtinfarkt. Många patienter väljer att undanhålla känslor och information för sin partner. Sjuksköterskor kan använda resultatet när de informerar patienter och deras partner efter en hjärtinfarkt. Information om aktivitetsnivå och problem som kan uppstå inom den sexuella samlevnaden efter en hjärtinfarkt kan troligtvis minska patientens oro och sexuella ängslan samt partnerns överbeskydd. / Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the largest Public health problems in Sweden. Almost 37 000 were afflicted by a MI 2006. Life after a MI can cause major changes for the patient. The aim of this literature review was to describe how patients' relationship and daily life with their partner changes after a MI experience. The literature review has a qualitative approach. The authors searched for scientific articles in databases. Included articles were read thoroughly and quality assessed. The analysis is based on 12 articles and revealed six themes: MI impact on the relationship; withholding of feelings'; changing role and responsibilities within the relationship; overprotection; support and sexuality and contact. The main finding is that patients feel overprotected by their partners related to different causes. Other findings are that the partner is seen as an important source of support by the patients. Patients appreciate the time with their partner more after a MI. Many patients choose to withhold feelings and information for their partners. Nurses can use the result when they inform patients and their partners. Information about activity level and sexual intercourse problems which can arise following a MI may reduce the patient's concerns and sexual anxiety and the overprotection by the partner.

Syfte: Syftet med denna tvärsnittsstudie var att undersöka hur prostatacancer patienter och deras partner skattar sina eventuella nivåer av ångest och depression samt att undersöka om skattningen mellan dessa två grupper skiljer sig åt. Syftet är även att kvalitetssäkra frågeformuläret Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) enligt ”Question-and-Answer”-modellen. Metod: Kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie med deskriptiv- och jämförande metod användes. Studien innefattade sex patienter samt sex partners, sammanlagt 12 personer. Datainsamlingen skedde med hjälp av enkäter. Resultat: Både patienterna och deras partners skattar relativt låga nivåer av ångest och depression. Vid deskriptiv analys av skattningen framkommer att partners skattar högre nivåer av både ångest och depression än vad patienterna gör. Studiedeltagarna har i de flesta fall angett att de ej påverkats av faktorerna i ”Question-and-Answer” modellen. Detta då de flesta av deltagarna var helt säkra på sina svar och de ansåg enkäten ej innehålla svårförståeliga ord eller att påståendena var otydligt formulerade. Slutsats: I denna förstudie sågs att partners skattade något högre nivåer av ångest och depression än patienterna. Detta är intressant och väcker behov av fortsatt forskning för att kunna dra några slutgiltiga slutsatser samt för att eventuellt kunna förbättra hjälp- och stödinsatser för dessa personer inom vården. Kvalitetssäkringen som utfördes visade att deltagarna ej påverkades av de fyra faktorerna i ”Question-and-Answer” modellen vilket tyder på att frågeformuläret HADS är väl utformat. / Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate how prostate cancer patients and their partners estimate levels of anxiety and depression and whether the estimated levels differ between these two groups. The aim was also to assure quality of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) according to “Question-and-Answer” model. Method: A cross-sectional study with quantitative method was used. The study included six patients and six partners, a total of 12 people. Data collection was done using questionnaires. Results: Both patients and their partners reported relatively low levels of anxiety and depression. Partners reported higher levels of both anxiety and depression, than the patients themselves. The participants do not seem to have been influenced by the four factors in the "Question-and-Answer" model to a greater extent when they answered the HADS. The participants reported that they were confident of their answers and they considered that the survey did not contain incomprehensible words or that the allegations were vague formulated. Conclusion: In this preliminary study we found that partners estimated slightly higher levels of anxiety and depression than patients. This is interesting and raises the need for further research in order to draw any definitive conclusions and to improve the help and support interventions for these persons in care. Quality assurance that was carried out showed that the participants were not affected by the four factors in the "Question-and-Answer" model, which suggests that the HADS questionnaire is well designed.

The study was conducted in northern Ghana to determine the scope of male partner violence (MPV) against women, identify the factors associated with this problem as well as point out the health implications of MPV. In a sample of 443 married women drawn from outpatient populations across six district health centers we found that nearly 7 out of 10 women have experienced some MPV: 62% have experienced psychological violence; 29% have experienced physical violence; and 34% have experienced sexual violence. A multiple regression analysis showed that male controlling behavior, number of children, presence of concubines, partner appreciation, and very good health significantly predicted Total Violence. The results showed that the more controlling a husband is the more likely his wife is to experience severe violence and that more children in the marriage is associated with more violence for the women. Marriage duration was significantly positively correlated with violence, indicating that the longer the time since a woman got married, the more likely she experiences violence. Husband’s education was significantly negatively correlated with violence, indicating that husband education has a decreased effect on violence. Logistic regression and ANOVA models identified a number of socio-demographic factors as significant correlates of MPV. These include couple’s unemployment, particularly husband unemployment, being young – under 30 years and being younger than the husband, presence of concubines, being Muslim or Traditional, living in a rural setting, husband alcohol use, being a healthy woman, and not being appreciated by the husband. We found that MPV is associated with physical and mental health difficulties among women. Some 47 women reported having sustained multiple injuries, including sprains, broken bones and teeth, cuts, and burns. Mental health difficulties among these women included partner phobia, sleep deprivation, and thoughts of suicide. We make recommendations that call on government and other stakeholders to initiate policy that provides services to women experiencing MPV and that implements education and campaign programs to eventually eliminate MPV in Ghana generally.

Uppsatsens syfte var att nå en större teoretisk förståelse av samkönat partnervåld, genom att analysera olika forskningsartiklars narrativa konstruktioner av våldet. De två frågeställningarna var: 1. Hur diskuterar forskningslitteraturen samkönat partnervåld med fokus på temana relationsdynamik, karaktär hos parterna, kön, genus och sexualitet samt betydelsen av social kontext? 2. Hur diskuterar forskningslitteraturen det professionella bemötandet av samkönat partnervåld? De 21 valda primärdokumenten som analyserats är artiklar som granskats vetenskapligt via peer-review och författats av forskare och professionella terapeuter och behandlare. Materialet har bearbetats utifrån en hermeneutisk ansats, socialkonstruktionism och psykodynamisk teori. Resultatet visade att individuella faktorer är av stor betydelse rörande relationens båda parter såväl som de professionella som i sin yrkesutövning träffar parterna. Det är dock nödvändigt att sätta både relationen och mötena med professionella i en social kontext för att nå en djupare och mer omfattande förståelse av samkönat partnervåld och de professionellas bemötande av våldet. En flerdimensionell analys, exempelvis en socialpsykologisk, verkar därför nödvändig. / The purpose of this study was to get a deeper theoretical understanding of same-sex partner violence by doing an analysis of the narrative constructions in research articles. The two questions at issue was: 1. How does research literature discuss same-sex partner violence with focus on relationship dynamics, the characteristics of the two parties, sex, gender and sexuality and the social context? 2. How does research literature discuss the professional treatment of same-sex partner violence? The 21 primary documents that were chosen are peer-reviewed articles written by researchers and professional therapists and counsellors. To investigate the narrative constructions the primary documents were analyzed with a hermeneutic approach, social constructionism and the psychodynamic theory. The research findings showed that individual factors are significant to the understanding of the violent relationships as well as the professionals who meet the relationships parties in their profession. It is, however, also necessary to put the relationship and the professionals in a social context to get a deeper and more extensive understanding of same-sex partner violence and the professionals treat of the parties. A multidimensional analysis, for example a social psychological one, therefore seems necessary.

<p>Hjärtinfarkt är ett av de största folkhälsoproblemen i Sverige. Nästan 37 000 personer insjuknade i akut hjärtinfarkt år 2006. Livet efter en hjärtinfarkt kan innebära stora förändringar för den drabbade. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva hur patienter efter en genomgången hjärtinfarkt upplever att relationen och vardagen med partnern förändras. Litteraturstudien har en kvalitativ ansats. Vetenskapliga artiklar söktes i databaser. De artiklar som inkluderades till analysen genomlästes och genomgick en kvalitetsbedömning. Analysen baserades på 12 artiklar och resulterade i sex teman: hjärtinfarktens inverkan på relationen; undanhållande av känslor; rollbyte och ansvarsfördelning inom relationen; överbeskydd; stöd samt sexualitet och beröring. Huvudfyndet i analysen är att patienter av olika anledningar upplever överbeskydd från sina partners efter en hjärtinfarkt. Andra fynd är att patienter upplever att partnern är en viktig resurs för att få stöd och uppmuntran. Patienter uppskattar tiden med sin partner mer efter en hjärtinfarkt. Många patienter väljer att undanhålla känslor och information för sin partner. Sjuksköterskor kan använda resultatet när de informerar patienter och deras partner efter en hjärtinfarkt. Information om aktivitetsnivå och problem som kan uppstå inom den sexuella samlevnaden efter en hjärtinfarkt kan troligtvis minska patientens oro och sexuella ängslan samt partnerns överbeskydd.</p> / <p>Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the largest Public health problems in Sweden. Almost 37 000 were afflicted by a MI 2006. Life after a MI can cause major changes for the patient. The aim of this literature review was to describe how patients' relationship and daily life with their partner changes after a MI experience. The literature review has a qualitative approach. The authors searched for scientific articles in databases. Included articles were read thoroughly and quality assessed. The analysis is based on 12 articles and revealed six themes: MI impact on the relationship; withholding of feelings'; changing role and responsibilities within the relationship; overprotection; support and sexuality and contact. The main finding is that patients feel overprotected by their partners related to different causes. Other findings are that the partner is seen as an important source of support by the patients. Patients appreciate the time with their partner more after a MI. Many patients choose to withhold feelings and information for their partners. Nurses can use the result when they inform patients and their partners. Information about activity level and sexual intercourse problems which can arise following a MI may reduce the patient's concerns and sexual anxiety and the overprotection by the partner.</p>