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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Contribuição da genética de populações à investigação sobre o tráfico de fauna no Brasil: desenvolvimento de microssatélites e análise da estrutura genética em Paroaria dominicana e Saltator similis (Aves: Passeriformes: Thraupidae) / Contribution of population genetics to investigation efforts on wildlife trafficking in Brazil: development of microssatelites and analysis of the genetic structure of Paroaria dominicana and Saltator similis(Aves: Passeriformes: Thraupidae)

Juliana Machado Ferreira 13 August 2012 (has links)
O comércio ilegal de fauna é hoje uma das principais ameaças aos animais silvestres brasileiros, junto com a perda e degradação de habitats. O grupo pelo qual existe maior demanda é o das aves, principalmente as canoras. Paralelamente, o número de apreensões de aves provenientes do comércio ilegal tem crescido a cada ano. Apesar de um grande número de indivíduos não sobreviver, dos que sobrevivem, muitos são recuperados e estão, em teoria, aptos a voltarem à vida livre. Contudo, esforços de repatriação devem ser vistos com extrema cautela, já que grandes prejuízos podem ser trazidos para as populações naturais se inseridos nelas indivíduos de grupos genéticos diferentes. Com isso, tornam-se extremamente necessários estudos demográficos e de estrutura genética de espécies com grande demanda no comércio ilegal. Além de auxiliar tomadas de decisões sobre possíveis esforços de repatriação, estes estudos contribuirão com o maior conhecimento das espécies. Este projeto teve como objetivo o estudo da genética de populações de quatro espécies de passeriformes sabidamente de grande interesse para o comércio ilegal, procurando abranger a maior área possível de suas distribuições: o azulão (Cyanoloxia brissonii), o trinca-ferro (Saltator similis), o galo-da-campina (Paroaria dominicana) e o pixoxó (Sporophila frontalis). Foram realizadas 19 viagens a campo, coletadas 522 amostras (entre amostras de apreensão e de populações naturais) e outras foram obtidas por colaboração com diversas instituições. Foram construídas quatro bibliotecas genômicas com o intuito de desenvolver oligonucleotídeos iniciadores (primers) de marcadores microssatélites espécie-específicos, que foram posteriormente testados para as outras três espécies. Partido de mais de 700 clones sequenciados, foram descritos oito locos informativos para P. dominicana, nove para S. similis, sete para C. brissonii e quatro para S. frontalis. Por conta de dificuldade de obtenção de amostragens representativas, as análises populacionais foram realizadas com P. dominicana e S. similis. As análises de estrutura genética populacional (com 74 amostras) indicaram estruturação populacional sutil, porém significativa (p<0.01) para P. dominicana, com a descrição de três clusters: (1) nordeste, que englobou as localidades de coleta Paraíba, Trindade e Petrolina, e apresentou heterozigose observada (Ho) média de 0.736 e heterozigose esperada (He) média de 0.753; (2) sudoeste, composto pelas localidades Parnaguá, Beira Rio e Vitória da Conquista, com Ho 0.624 e He 0.731; e (3) leste, composto por Canudos e Feira de Santana, Ho 0.750 e He 0.768. A presença de estrutura genética nos marcadores nucleares e ausência no DNA mitocondrial (observada em estudos anteriores) podem indicar que existe filopatria dos machos e dispersão diferencial em P. dominicana. O teste kg não identificou sinal de expansão populacional, portanto, a hipótese de expansão populacional recente da espécie com base na expansão da Caatinga datada de quinze mil anos não foi corroborada. Foram encontrados sinais significativos de gargalo populacional recente com dois testes diferentes (Bottleneck e M-ratio) condizentes com a ocupação e degradação da Caatinga e a super-exploração da espécie nos últimos 200 anos. Além disso, os resultados permitiram o surgimento de uma nova hipótese, interessante para ser tratada em trabalhos futuros: um possível corredor de fluxo gênico entre os clusters nordeste e sudoeste, ao longo do Rio São Francisco. Por fim, foram também realizados testes de atribuição com 49 amostras de indivíduos da espécie provenientes de apreensões de fauna comercializada ilegalmente em São Paulo e todas foram atribuídas com probabilidade que variou de a 0.554 e 0.713 ao cluster nordeste. Essa tendência é relevante, e deverá ser levada em conta tanto para esforços de prevenção do tráfico da espécie, quanto o desenvolvimento de planos de repatriacão dos indivíduos apreendidos. Contudo, vale mencionar que, mesmo sempre sendo de suma importância que indivíduos apreendidos e reabilitados sejam soltos o mais próximo possível de sua real população de origem, dificilmente a mistura entre indivíduos de clusters diferentes levaria a uma depressão por exocruzamento. Não foi encontrada estrutura genética populacional significativa para S. similis (66 amostras) nem com a análise de diferenciação com populações definidas a priori, e nem através de duas análises de partição de amostras (análise discriminante de componentes principais e a realizada pelo Structure, baseada em algoritmo Bayesiano). Logo, não foi possível refutar a hipótese nula de pan-mixia. A espécie apresentou heterozigose média observada 0.643 enquanto que a esperada foi de 0.757. Os altos níveis de Hardy-Weinberg detectados sugerem que o cenário observado possa ser devido a efeitos demográficos. Os testes kg não identificaram sinal de expansão populacional recente. Entretanto, dois testes de gargalo populacional (Bottleneck e M-ratio) indicaram sinais de redução populacional recente, condizentes com a maior ocupação e degradação da Mata Atlântica e do Cerrado nos últimos 200 anos. A variação nos dialetos do canto observada para a espécie provavelmente está ligada à propagação do som nos diferentes ambientes e não a um isolamento genético entre populações. A ausência de estrutura genética permite afirmar que a probabilidade de ocorrência de depressão por exocruzamento causada por fluxo gênico entre indivíduos de origens diferentes é praticamente nula para S. similis / Wildlife trafficking is a major threat to Brazilian biodiversity, with millions of specimens withdrawn from nature every year to supply the consumer markets. In Brazil, the pet trade generates a major demand for birds. After seizure from the illegal trade, rehabilitation and release is one way of mitigating the negative impacts on wild bird populations, but those releases could create more problems for the natural populations. Knowledge of the species\' genetic structure is crucial to help avoid the possibility of outbreeding depression and to guide responsible releases. This project´s main goal was the study of the genetic structure of four passerine species, among the most trafficked birds in Brazil: ultramarine grosbeak (Cyanoloxia brissonii), green-winged saltator (Saltator similes), red-cowled cardinal (Paroaria dominicana) and buffy-fronted seedeater (Sporophila frontalis). We obtained 522 tissue/blood samples (from individuals with known orginin as well as those seized from the ilegal trade) both in field work trips and through collaboration with various institutions. We built four species-specific genomic libraries, all of which were cross-tested in the other three sepcies. From over 700 sequenced clones, we developed eight informative microsatellite loci for P. dominicana, nine for S. similes, seven for C. brissonii and four for S. frontalis. Genetic structure analyzes were performed only for P. dominicana and S. similis due to the difficulty of obtaining representative samples for the other two species. Data was analyzed both with and without a priori definition of populations using discriminant analysis of principal components, Bayesian clustering algorithms, and fixation indices. Genetic structure of P. dominicana was inferred using 71 samples with known origin and subtle but significant (p<0.01) genetic structure was found, with the description of three clusters: (1) northeast, which encompass the sampling localities of Paraíba, Trindade e Petrolina, with mean observed heterozigosity (Ho) of 0.736 and mean expected heterozigosity (He) of 0.753; (2) southwest, which encompass the localites Parnaguá, Beira Rio e Vitória da Conquista, with Ho 0.624 and He 0.731; and (3) east, which encompass Canudos and Feira de Santana, with Ho 0.750 and He 0.768. Occurrence of outbreeding depression for this species is unlikely due to high gene flow among clusters. The presence of genetic structure for nuclear markers not detected for mtDNA (previous studies) indicates male philopatry and different dispersion patterns between male and females. No population expansion signal was detected using kg tests, which precludes us from corroborating a previously proposed hypothesis of population expansion congruent with the Caating expansion 15 thousand years ago. Two tests (Bottleneck e M-ratio) indicated the occurrence of recent population bottlenecks for P. dominicana, which can be explained by the intense occupation, habitat degradation and over-exploitation of the Caatinga in the last 200 years. We also propose a new hypothesis, to be tested in future studies: the existence of a dispersion route along the Sao Francisco river, promoting gene flow between northeast and southwest clusters. Furthermore, we performed assignment tests in 49 samples from specimens seized from the illegal trade in Sao Paulo. All of them were assigned to the same \"northeast\" cluster with probability 0.554-0.713, showing a clear trend and a relevant result which corroborates police intelligence information. For S. similis, no significant genetic structure was detected (using 66 samples), so we could not refut the pan-mixia null hypothesis. Although this species\' range is a large, and now fragmented area, the possibility of outbreeding depression resulting from mixing populations is higly unlikely, which does not preclude consideration of other characteristics prior to release into the wild. The observed heterozigosity was 0.643 while the expected was 0.757. High levels of deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium may be due to population fluctuations. No population expansion signal was detected (kg test), but two tests (Bottleneck e M-ratio) indicate the occurrence of recent population bottlenecks, which could be related to the intense occupation, habitat degradation and over-exploitation of the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest in the last 200 years. Variation in song dialects observed in this species is probably related to characteristics of sound propagation in different environments, rather than to genetic isolation. Knowledge of genetic structure is one of the most important steps towards intelligent management of rehabilitated seized animals
22

Breaking barriers of regeneration examining the effectiveness of bird perches in facilitiating seed dispersal in a tropical dry forest /

Muldrow, Milton, January 2007 (has links)
The entire thesis text is included in the thesisfinalFINAL_(2).doc file; the title page, table of contents, and figures and illustrations list are included in the coverpages_(2).doc file. Title from title page of Word Document (University of Missouri--St. Louis, viewed March 1, 2010). Includes bibliographical references (p. 22-27).
23

Sistemática y especiación en los Capuchinos (Aves: sporophila)

Areta, Juan I. January 2010 (has links)
Los Capuchinos (Sporophila spp.) constituyen un grupo formidable de pequeños semilleros del Neotrópico. En este trabajo presento evidencia de la existencia de 16 formas diagnosticables de Capuchinos: Grupo A (S. castaneiventris, S. melanogaster y S. “xumanxu”), Grupo B (S. minuta), Grupo C (S. hypoxantha, S. “uruguaya”, S. hypochroma, S. cinnamomea, S. ruficollis, S. “caraguata”, S. palustris y S. “zelichi”) y Grupo D (S. nigrorufa, S. bouvreuil, S. pileata y S. “andorinha”). Las hembras de todas las formas son muy similares en sus tonos pardoamarillentos, y son idénticas para la visión humana en el Grupo C (Grupo ruficollis). Los coloridos machos de estas formas responden a un modelo común de diseño (bauplan) con los siguientes bloques de plumaje: capucha, mejillas, nuca, espalda, rabadilla, garganta, vientre y flancos. Los miembros de espalda gris de las parejas S. melanogaster/S. “xumanxu”, S. hypoxantha/S. “uruguaya”, S. hypochroma/S. cinnamomea, S. ruficollis/S. “caraguata”, S. palustris/S. “zelichi”, S. nigrorufa/S. bouvreuil y S. pileata/S. “andorinha” pueden ser convertidos en los miembros de espalda coloreada mediante la aplicación de un algoritmo de transformación de patrón de reflexión ventrodorsal, donde “cuando la nuca tenga el mismo color que la garganta, la espalda y rabadilla tendrán el mismo color que el vientre”. Los miembros de las parejas S. melanogaster/S.“xumanxu”, S. hypoxantha/S. “uruguaya”, S. ruficollis/S. “caraguata”, S. palustris/S. “zelichi” y S. pileata/S. “andorinha” son indistinguibles en vocalizaciones y hábitat reproductivo, y cada pareja debe ser reconocida como una especie distinta (especies machodimórficas). Los miembros de las parejas S. hypochroma/S. cinnamomea y S. nigrorufa/S. bouvreuil, así como S. castaneiventris y S. minuta son considerados especies distintas por sus diferencias en vocalizaciones y hábitat reproductivo (especies macho-monomórficas). Alternativamente, basado solamente en la falta de diferencias genéticas, es posible sugerir que las formas del Grupo ruficollis son parte de una única especie ultrapolimórfica. El patrón iterativo puede deberse a un proceso iterativo que ocurriría repetidamente en la evolución de los Capuchinos, generando las formas observadas. El patrón iterativo, los datos de historia natural y en menor medida la evidencia molecular, sugieren un esquema filogenético para todas las formas. Las vocalizaciones de las formas ampliamente distribuídas mostraron variación geográfica estructurada en regiolectos y, las formas con información previa, mostraron variación temporal en cronolectos. Las formas ampliamente distribuídas mostraron variación geográfica en uso de hábitat de cría en alopatría, y divergencia en uso de hábitat de cría con respecto a otras formas en simpatría. Las formas no se segregan en uso de hábitat durante el invierno ni en migración. Propongo un modelo de diversificación en cuatro pasos: 1) improntado sexual, 2) improntado de hábitat, 3) colonización de nuevos hábitats y 4) modificación de cantos y plumajes. Este modelo es consistente con los patrones de asociación morfología-voces-hábitat encontrados y con la falta de diferenciación genética en los Capuchinos del Grupo ruficollis, y es aplicable a los casos de diferenciación en simpatría (sin sintopía), alopatría y parapatría en todos los Capuchinos. La evolución de los Capuchinos parece haber ocurrido concomitantemente con sus movimientos migratorios y con cambios en la disposición espacial de sus hábitats de cría preferidos. La diferenciación de las formas involucradas en la radiación evolutiva de los Capuchinos ocurrió con poca divergencia genética, cambios en los parches de color de los patrones de plumaje de los machos, divergencias en uso de hábitat y voces, pero escaso cambio morfológico en tamaño y forma. Especialmente en el Grupo ruficollis, las limitaciones al libre intercambio genético entre las formas de Capuchinos parecen ser exclusivamente pre-apareamiento y no post-apareamiento. El límite al flujo genético entre formas, estaría dado porque las distintas formas, y sus morfos correspondientes, se reproducirían preferentemente entre sí de acuerdo a sus vocalizaciones, hábitat preferido y plumajes, y no por incompatibilidades genéticas intrínsecas entre las diferentes formas o por algún tipo de problema derivado de características en los híbridos. Aún si las formas hibridizan regularmente, las diferencias en hábitat, plumaje y voces se mantienen a lo largo del tiempo, y justifican el reconocimiento de especies macho-dimórficas y especies macho-monomórficas dentro de los Capuchinos. Es necesario poner minuciosamente a prueba el rol de la hibridación en la diferenciación y generación de morfologías en los Capuchinos y la importancia del aprendizaje de voces, plumajes y características de hábitat en la segregación de formas.
24

Characteristics of breeding passerine communities at Earlshallmuir and Tentsmuir, North-East Fife

Dougall, Thomas William January 1986 (has links)
The literature pertaining to a variety of methods for estimating the abundances of songbirds is reviewed, and the use of two of the main methods - mapping and transects - is described and discussed. The mapping method is found to be the most efficient and reliable in the context of the present study, and work elsewhere in the British Isles suggests that the method has wide applicability in the region. Various methods for describing the habitats in which birds occur are discussed. In the present study the method chosen involved measuring various parameters of the vegetation within a limited area at each of several sampling points in five study plots in North-east Fife. It proved a useful method in the habitats studied - dune grassland, commercial and semi-natural coniferous woodlands, and deciduous scrub and mature woodland - and results of the vegetation sampling are discussed in terms of habitat structure and succession, and in the relationship of this structure to the breeding bird communities. The composition of these communities in the study plots is described, as are the changes over the three breeding seasons 1979-1981, which followed on from a meteorologically "hard" winter. Over the study period there was an overall increase in the populations of all five study plots, and this increase was greatest in the poorest habitat - the dune grassland - and least in the richest habitat - the mature deciduous woodland. Using indices to compare the study plots a major difference was found between the grassland plot and all four woodland plots, amongst which the two coniferous ones were most similar. Of the more abundant bird species, Robin, Song Thrush and Coal Tit were more prevalent in coniferous habitats; Willow Warbler and Blue Tit were more prevalent in the deciduous habitats. In relation to habitat structure, the more diverse bird communities were found in the more complex habitats, and there was evidence of succession in the bird communities concomitant with habitat succession. The present study is one of very few in Europe involving woodland habitats especially of a commercial nature near sea-level, and it was found that the four woodland study plots were rich in terms of the diversities and densities of their passerine breeding populations when compared with other European studies.
25

Mass-dependent behaviour and the starvation-predation risk trade-off in passerine birds

MacLeod, Ross January 2003 (has links)
No description available.
26

Avaliação física, epidemiológica e molecular da infecção por Cryptosporidium spp. em passeriformes

Silva, Deuvânia Carvalho da [UNESP] 18 December 2009 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-12-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:55:52Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_dc_me_araca.pdf: 457686 bytes, checksum: 955900a36656c74b3d4e888ce706efe1 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Devido à carência de informações relacionadas à epidemiologia da infecção por Cryptosporidium spp. em passeriformes, neste trabalho objetivou-se determinar a periodicidade da eliminação fecal de oocistos de Cryptosporidium, os sinais clínicos, a presença de mortalidade, e a caracterização molecular desse coccídio. Foram colhidas 480 amostras de fezes, provenientes de 40 aves, sendo 372 amostras de 31 aves adultas e 108 amostras de nove filhotes até 12 semanas de vida, com periodicidade mensal, no período de setembro de 2007 a setembro de 2008, com exceção do mês de abril. As aves estavam alojadas em cinco criatórios, com criação de bicudo (Oryzoborus maximiliani), curió (Oryzoborus angolensis), azulão (Passerina brissonii) e coleira do brejo (Sporophila collaris). As amostras foram conservadas em bicromato de potássio 2,5%, a 4ºC, até o processamento. Os oocistos foram purificados por centrífugo-flutuação em solução de Sheather, seguindo-se a extração do DNA genômico dos oocistos e a classificação molecular, por meio da reação em cadeia de polimerase-nested, para amplificação de fragmentos da subunidade 18S do gene do RNA ribossômico. Eliminação fecal intermitente de Cryptosporidium spp. foi observada em 91 (24,5%) amostras de aves adultas, com maior ocorrência nos períodos que se aproximam dos períodos de muda de penas e de reprodução das aves e em 14 amostras (13%) de aves jovens. O sequenciamento dos fragmentos de DNA amplificados possibilitou a identificação de somente Cryptosporidium galli. Embora em todos os criatórios houvesse aves positivas para C. galli, a presença de morbidade ou mortalidade foi observada em aves de somente um criatório, e estava associada à infecção concomitante com Escherichia coli e Isospora spp..Este é o primeiro relato de infecção por C. galli em P. brissonii, O. maximiliani e S. collaris / Due to the lack of information related to the epidemiology of Cryptosporidium infection in passerine birds, this study aimed to determine the frequency of fecal shedding of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts, after natural infection, the clinical signs and the presence of mortality, and accomplish its molecular characterization. Four hundred and eighty fecal samples were collected from 40 birds, 372 samples from 31 adult birds and 108 samples from young birds (up to 12 months old), housed in five herds, monthly, from September 2007 to September 2008, with the exception of the April. The birds were originated from flocks were the following species were herd: great-billed seed-finch (Oryzoborus maximiliani), lesser seed-finch (Oryzoborus angolensis), ultramarine grosbeak (Passerina brissonii) and rusty-collared seedeater (Sporophila collaris). The samples were preserved in 2.5% potassium dichromate 2.5% at 4°C, until processing. The oocysts were purified by centrifugal flotation in Sheather solution, followed by genomic DNA extraction from oocysts and molecular characterization using the nested polymerase chain reaction for amplification of fragments of the 18S subunit ribosomal RNA gene. Intermittent fecal shedding of Cryptosporidium spp. was observed in 91 (24.5%) samples from adult birds, with more frequent in periods approaching the periods of moulting and reproduction of birds and 14 samples (13%) of young birds.The sequencing of the amplified fragments allowed the identification of Cryptosporidium galli. Although all the aviaries had birds positive for C. galli, morbidity or mortality was observed in birds from only one aviary, and was associated to concomitant infection with Escherichia coli and Isospora sp. This is the first report of infection by C. galli in Oryzoborus maximiliani, Passerina brissonii, and Sporophila collaris
27

Food theft by deceptive alarm calls in the fork-tailed drongo

Flower, Thomas Patrick January 2012 (has links)
Why do animals make false alarms; are false alarms truly deceptive; and if, just as in Aesop's fable 'The boy who cried wolf' , animals can learn to ignore false alarms, why doesn't deception break down? I investigated these questions in a population of habituated and individually recognisable fork-tailed drongos (Dicrurus adsimdis), in the South African Kalahari Desert. Drongos either self-foraged, when they hawked and gleaned small insects, or followed other species stealing large terrestrial prey that hosts excavated. Stealing food from other species enabled drongos to capture prey otherwise unavailable to them and accounted for over 20% of their biomass intake. This was of greatest benefit during the morning and on colder days when payoffs from stealing remained stable while those from self-foraging declined (Chapter 3). Drongos stole food using two strategies, either by physical attack or by producing false alarm calls in response to which hosts fled to cover, enabling drongos to fly down and collect abandoned food. False alarms increased overall success, and were produced when stealing small food items unprofitable to gain by physical attack, or when stealing from larger species more likely to defend food (Chapter 4). Drongos produced both their own alarm calls and mimicked alarm calls of other species in their false alarm repertoire. Playback experiments on two host species, pied babblers (Turdoides bicolor) and meerkats (Suricata suricatta), confirmed that these false alarm calls were deceptive because they were as effective at alerting hosts as true alarms given to approaching predators (Chapter 5). Further playbacks showed that hosts were more likely to be deceived by mimicked false alarm calls, including mimicry of the host species alarms, than by a drongo' s own alarms. In addition, host species habituated to repeated playback of the same alarm but resumed their response when a new alarm call was played, and drongos naturally changed their alarm calls when hosts failed to respond to a previous false alarm. Therefore, by employing vocal mimicry to vary their alarm calls drongos were both more likely to deceive hosts, and to maintain deception. Consequently drongos evaded the frequency dependent constraints which typically limit payoffs from deception when species produce only one signal (Chapter 6). The drongos sophisticated communication strategy raises questions for future research regarding the mechanisms leading to the production of complex behaviour.
28

Identifica??o e densidade de cocc?dios parasitas (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) de aves silvestres no Distrito de Cacaria, Munic?pio de Pira?-RJ / Identification and density of parasitic coccidia (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) of wild birds in the District of Cacaria, Municipality of Pira?-RJ

Oliveira, Mariana de Souza 31 August 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2018-08-23T18:54:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Mariana de Souza Oliveira.pdf: 2345749 bytes, checksum: 613f695368567431340caa1eae7f5872 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T18:54:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Mariana de Souza Oliveira.pdf: 2345749 bytes, checksum: 613f695368567431340caa1eae7f5872 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Brazil is one of the 5 most megadiverse countries in the world, presenting 14% of all the biodiversity known worldwide. Brazil also has a greater tropical vegetation covering the world, presenting a high number of endemic species, becoming one of the most important countries in the world for investments in bird conservation. The district of Cacaria, in the municipality of Pira?, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, has an extensive vegetation cover area, but is affected by local cattle breeding, as well as other anthropogenic actions. Birds can have a high diversity of parasites, such as ectoparasites, helminths and coccidia. Coccidian parasites are the main cause of enteritis, behavioral and reproductive changes in most species of birds. . Coccidia studies are relevant both to animal health and to knowledge of the biodiversity of these parasites. In this context, the objective of this study was to examine the feces of wild birds captured in fragments of Atlantic Forest in the district of Cacaria, in southeastern Brazil, to identify and quantify the coccidian parasites that were present, besides relating them to some ecological characteristics of birds. 14 expeditions were carried out on three fragments of Atlantic Forest in Cacaria, resulting in the capture of 143 birds, with 20 of them positive for coccidia. Among the positive samples, coccidia of Isospora and Eimeira classification were found in 12 species of birds. These coccidia were identified according to the literature, species of coccidia not described in the literature until the present moment were considered morphotypes. There was no relation between the bird species and the positive samples, with their respective oopds (Oocyst by defecation). Regarding the ecological characteristics, only living habits in forest environments were significant, showing that the birds of forest environments are less susceptible to infection. Regarding eating habits, there were no significant results / O Brasil ? um dos 5 pa?ses mais megadiversos do mundo, apresentando 14% de toda a biodiversidade conhecida mundialmente. O Brasil tamb?m tem uma maior vegeta??o tropical cobrindo o mundo, apresentando um elevado n?mero de esp?cies end?micas, tornando-se um dos pa?ses mais importantes do mundo para investimentos em conserva??o de aves. O distrito de Cacaria, no munic?pio de Pira?, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, tem uma extensa ?rea de cobertura vegetal, mas ? afetado pela cria??o de gado local, al?m de outras a??es antr?picas. As aves podem ter uma alta diversidade de parasitas, como ectoparasitas, helmintos e coccidia. Os parasitas coccidianos s?o a principal causa de enterite, altera??es comportamentais e reprodutivas, na maioria das esp?cies de aves. Os estudos de coccidia s?o relevantes tanto para a sa?de animal quanto para o conhecimento da biodiversidade desses parasitas. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi examinar as fezes de aves silvestres capturadas em fragmentos de Mata Atl?ntica no distrito de Cacaria, no sudeste do Brasil, para identificar e quantificar os parasitas coccidianos que estavam presentes, al?m de relacion?-los a algumas caracter?sticas ecol?gicas das aves. Foram realizadas 14 expedi??es em 3 fragmentos de Mata Atl?ntica em Cacaria, resultando em captura de 143 aves, com 20 delas positivas para cocc?dios. Dentre as amostras positivas foram encontradas cocc?dios de classifica??o Isospora e Eimeira, em 12 esp?cies de aves. Esses cocc?dios foram identificados de acordo com a literatura, as esp?cies de cocc?dios n?o descritas na literatura at? o presente momento foram consideradas morfotipos. N?o se obteve rela??o entre as esp?cies de aves e as amostras positivas, com seus respectivos oopds (Oocisto por defeca??o). Em rela??o as caracter?sticas ecol?gicas, apenas h?bitos de viv?ncia em ambientes florestais foi significante, apresentando que as aves de ambientes florestais s?o menos suscept?veis a infec??o. J? em rela??o aos h?bitos alimentares, n?o se obteve resultados significativos.
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Habitat relationships in passeriform birds in eastern New Brunswick /

Beauchamp, Christine Lorraine. January 1984 (has links)
Thesis (M.Sc.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland. / Typescript. Bibliography : leaves 58-67. Also available online.
30

The Influence of Energetic Condition on Flight Initiation and Orientation of Migratory Passerines in the Gulf of Maine Region

Covino, Kristen M. January 2008 (has links) (PDF)
No description available.

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