Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:08:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silvana Molina.pdf: 1246055 bytes, checksum: 4c2a5e767f9df562655c2c6ab8aced63 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-29 / Most studies about parents discuss the lack of interest by fathers, in emotional way, in their son s duties. However, these studies have shown trends towards the construction of a father s new role based on new gender perspectives. It raises a sensible father, and opened to dialogue. The military father and his family are not isolated from these social cultural modifications. As an Army Officer he will deal with hierarchy and discipline, as father, he will transmit delegations about personal and professional projects to their sons. The main focus of this research is to analyze the Army officer; fathers influence on his son s decision whether or not to follow the military career. This way 20 (twenty) cadets sons and grandsons of Army militaries form, that are studying at AMAN, were interviewed. The data were then transcribed and analyzed according to the technique to analyze content (MINAYO, 2004) where 12 (twelve) core of meaning was identified. These cores were categories that were spoted by the frequency that the cadets talked about, showed in accordance with the specific aims of the search, that were: to investigate, from military s sons view, the motivations and the feeling about the military career, as well, to identify easier and worst critical factors in this career and to analyze his expectations about his own son s future. So, we conclude through the cadet s interviews, how much powerful is the father s influence on the son s, decisions about personal and professional projects and choose to be an Army combatent officer. The frequency and the intensity of this image, of the father, military man is cultivated and legitimated as an object to be passed by through generation by generation was observed. Since a little boy, he understood the maybe identity as force and courage, represented, as well as, by rusticity of the male life and the uniform. Al though we know that we can t generalize the collected data, once it s a research of qualitative nature, we can any that this father systematically drives his son s routine, creating ouch a kind of mith these families around the to be a military establishing that the familiar goal ought to be to keep, at least, one of the sons as an Army s combatent officer in each generation. In order to have the delegation fulfilled and so to keep the commitment of to have Army officer sons it s necessary to be moved away, the son s move out from home to exclusive dedication to the militaries activities through the boarding school system in the Academy. It seems that should be, between family and son of agreement that once expulses the son and in the same time regency his way of life. Sons expect that this essay could contribute to the Military Psychology and other studies once there are few researches about this subjected, in Brazil / A maioria dos estudos sobre pais discute o desinteresse dos homens, em termos afetivos, pelos afazeres de seu filho. Porém, muito se tem falado sobre a construção de um novo papel de pai, embasado em novas perspectivas de gênero. Surge um pai sensível aos seus filhos e aberto ao diálogo. E o pai com formação militar e sua família não estão isentos dessas modificações sócio-culturais. Enquanto Oficial do Exército lidará com hierarquia e disciplina e, enquanto pai irá transmitir delegações, nos projetos pessoais e profissionais dos filhos. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa consistiu em analisar a influência exercida pelo pai, Oficial do Exército, na decisão do filho homem para seguir carreira militar. Para isso, entrevistamos 20 (vinte) cadetes filhos e netos de militares do Exército e que estão cursando a AMAN. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevista semidirigida realizada com os participantes individualmente. Elas foram transcritas e analisadas com base na técnica de Análise de Conteúdo (MINAYO, 2004), tendo sido identificados 12 (doze) núcleos de sentido . Esses núcleos foram categorias que se destacaram pela freqüência com que os cadetes as verbalizaram, apresentados em consonância com os objetivos específicos da pesquisa, que foram: investigar, na perspectiva do filho militar, as motivações e os sentimentos acerca da carreira militar, assim como, identificar os fatores facilitadores e críticos de sua carreira profissional e analisar as expectativas dele a respeito do futuro do próprio filho. Conclui-se, através dos cadetes entrevistados, o quanto é poderosa a influência do pai nas decisões dos projetos pessoais e profissionais do filho que escolhe ser oficial combatente do Exército. Observou-se o quanto a imagem do pai, homem militar é cultuada e legitimada como objeto a ser perpetuado nas gerações. O menino desde pequeno compreende a identidade masculina como símbolo de força e destemor, representada, inclusive, pela rusticidade da vida militar e o uniforme. Embora saibamos que não podemos generalizar os dados coletados, uma vez que se trata de uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, podemos afirmar que esse pai direciona sistematicamente o cotidiano do filho, existindo uma espécie de mito inserido nestas famílias em torno do ser militar , estabelecendo que a meta familiar deverá manter, em pelo menos um dos filhos do sexo masculino um oficial combatente do Exército em cada geração. Observou-se também o modo de interação / expulsão estabelecido na família. Para que a delegação seja cumprida, e assim manter o compromisso de se ter um filho oficial do Exército , é necessário o afastamento, a saída do filho de casa para dedicação exclusiva as atividades militares através do sistema de internato na Academia. Parece - nos existir entre a família e o filho uma espécie de pacto que ora expulsa o filho e ao mesmo tempo rege o modo de vida deste. Esperamos que esse trabalho possa contribuir para a Psicologia Militar e outros estudos, uma vez que quase não há pesquisas voltadas para esse tema

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:18:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_romero.pdf: 1647478 bytes, checksum: 07145d24fb8e9851fe1bd57d62340d9f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-11 / This study seeks to discuss the relativization of res judicata in actions of investigation of paternity. It deals with the exceptional hypothesis in which the objective the deconstitution of a sentence wich become already finished, with a deadline for bringing the rescission has passed, due to the advent of a new evidence, the DNA exame, which can demonstrate that the sentence undercover the mantle of res judicata may be flawed. The lawyers, facing this situation, often joining with an autonomous action aimed at reform of the decision, because there is no other remedy applicable, for the duration of action for rescission have been exhausted. In these legal actions often requires the examination of DNA, now joins the other application the report of the examination, because it has already been done (and demonstrates that the sentence, covered up the mantle of res judicata, is wrong) .Given this situation, extraordinary and unusual, there was a great concern in doctrine, but also in the courts, because what is the best solution: to relativize the res judicata or keep it? In answering this question the lawyers always end up saying the conflict between security and justice. The relativistic point that justice must prevail, since the non-relativistic point that should place the principle of legal certainty. The study includes some innovative features, such as the detailed study of all cases decided by the Superior Court of Justice (STJ), which is made a detailed percentage of cases that were for and against the theory of relaxation of res judicata, which enables understanding of how they developed the theory of relativity of res judicata before the Supreme Court. Another innovation is the attempt to show the conflict between security and justice on another aspect, something already done by other scholars, in works on other subjects (such as the legal philosophy), but not done yet in the case of relativization of res judicata in actions of paternity / O presente trabalho visa discutir sobre a relativização da coisa julgada, nas ações de investigação de paternidade. Trata de hipótese excepcional na qual se objetiva a desconstituição de uma sentença já transitada em julgado, com prazo para interposição da rescisória transcorrido, em virtude do advento de um novo meio de prova, o exame de DNA, o qual pode demonstrar que a sentença acobertada pelo manto da coisa julgada material pode estar equivocada. Os advogados, diante de tal situação, costumam ingressar com uma ação autônoma objetivando a reforma da decisão, porque não há outro remédio aplicável, pois o prazo da ação rescisória já foi esgotado. Em aludidas ações muitas vezes se requer a realização do exame de DNA, em outras já se junta à petição inicial o laudo do exame, pois o mesmo já foi realizado (e demonstra que a sentença, acobertada pelo manto da coisa julgada, está equivocada). Diante desta situação, extraordinária e atípica, surgiu uma grande inquietação na doutrina, como também nos Tribunais, pois qual será a melhor solução: relativizar a coisa julgada ou mantê-la? Ao responder esta indagação os juristas acabam sempre alegando o conflito existente entre segurança e justiça. Os relativistas apontam que a justiça deve prevalecer, já os nãorelativistas apontam que deve prevalecer o princípio da segurança jurídica. O presente estudo traz alguns aspectos inovadores, como o estudo detalhado de todos os casos decididos pelo Superior Tribunal de Justiça (STJ), onde é feito um detalhamento percentual dos casos que foram favoráveis e contrários à teoria da flexibilização da coisa julgada, o que possibilita o entendimento de como se desenvolveu a teoria da relativização da coisa julgada perante o STJ. Outra inovação é a tentativa de mostrar o conflito entre segurança e justiça sobre outro aspecto, algo já realizado por outros doutrinadores, em obras sobre outras matérias (a exemplo da filosofia jurídica), mas não realizado ainda em se tratando de relativização da coisa julgada nas ações de investigação de paternidade

Testes de paternidade geralmente são feitos analisando amostras de DNA do suposto pai, mãe e criança. Para realizar esse exame antes de a criança nascer era preciso recorrer à métodos invasivos, tais como amniocentese e biópsia de vilo corial. Com a descoberta de DNA fetal livre (fcfDNA) no soro e plasma materno, hoje é possível utilizar técnicas que usem esse fcfDNA diminuindo assim os riscos à saúde do feto e da mãe. Testes de pa- ternidade que analisam Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) do fcfDNA, embora possíveis, não são confiáveis, pois muitas vezes há degradação do DNA. Por sua vez, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) têm sido demonstrados como bons candidatos para identificação humana e podem ser obtidos de fragmentos pequenos de DNA (ou seja, mesmo com o DNA degradado). No entanto, SNPs possuem um número limitado de alelos diferentes (entre dois e quatro). Micro-haplótipos são segmentos cromossomais menores do que 200 pb (pares de bases), contendo dois ou mais SNPs que formam pelo menos três haplótipos distintos. Ao utilizá-los como marcadores genéticos, aumentamos o número de possíveis alelos formados a partir dos SNPs. Como o fcfDNA possui um tamanho de aproximada- mente 145 pb, isso é suficiente para conter micro-haplótipos que podem ser sequenciados usando tecnologia de Sequenciamento de Nova Geração (NGS). O objetivo desse projeto é determinar a probabilidade de paternidade usando SNPs dentro de micro-haplótipos. Os micro-haplótipos foram escolhidos com base em literatura prévia e as frequências relativas destes foram calculadas com base nos grupos étnicos dos dados do 1000 Genomes. Dados brutos de sequenciamento de três amostras de DNA são analisados: o suposto pai, a mãe e o plasma materno (mistura de DNA livre da mãe e do feto). Em seguida, desenvolvemos scripts para obter e analisar os genótipos do suposto pai e da mãe, para cada um dos micro-haplótipos escolhidos. Combinando informação genotípica, frequências populacio- nais e frações fetais (plasma), desenvolvemos um método para calcular a probabilidade de paternidade em casos de não exclusão da mesma. / Paternity tests are usually done by analyzing DNA samples from the alleged father, the mother, and the child. To perform this exam before the birth, invasive methods such as am- niocentesis and chorionic villus sampling are usually necessary. Fortunately, the discovery of fetal cell-free DNA (fcfDNA) in maternal plasma and serum, and the development of te- chniques to analyze this fcfDNA have allowed researchers to reduce the health risk for both fetus and mother. Although paternity tests that analyze Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) from fcfDNA are possible, they are not reliable because DNA degradation often occurs. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) have been demonstrated as good candidates for human identification and they can be obtained from small DNA fragments (even from de- graded DNA). However, SNPs have a limited number of different alleles (between two and four). Microhaplotypes are chromosomal segments smaller than 200 bp (base pairs) con- taining two or more SNPs that form at least three distinct haplotypes. By using them as genetic markers, we increased the number of possible alleles formed from the SNPs. Since fcfDNA has approximately 145 bp, this is sufficient to contain microhaplotypes that can be sequenced using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology. The aim of this project is to determine the probability of paternity using SNPs within microhaplotypes. Microha- plotypes were chosen based on previous literature review. The haplotype frequencies were calculated based on the ethnic groups from 1000 Genomes database. Raw DNA sequence data from three DNA samples were analyzed: the alleged father, the mother, and the maternal plasma (mixture of mother and fcfDNA). Then, we developed scripts to analyse and obtain the genotypes of the alleged father and mother, for each microhaplotype. By combining genotypic information, population frequencies, and fetal fractions (plasma), we developed a method to calculate the probability of paternity in cases of non-exclusion.

Bakgrund: Föräldraskapet inkluderar fysiska och mentala utmaningar, vilket kan vara påfrestande för båda föräldrarna. Då peripartum depression (PPD) drabbar modern kan både föräldraskapet och upplevelsen av att vara förälder påverkas negativt. Faderns upplevelser av situationen då modern drabbas av PPD innebär ofta ett lidande även för honom, vilket är ett perspektiv som länge försummats. Syfte: Att beskriva fäders erfarenheter av föräldraskapet då modern drabbats av peripartum depression. Metod: En litteraturstudie innehållandes tio vetenskapliga artiklar av kvalitativ metod, utvalda genom systematiska sökningar i flera databaser. Analysen utfördes med en kvalitativ analysmodell, där jämförelser av likheter och skillnader genererade teman och subteman. Resultat: Fäderna påverkades främst av partnerns PPD genom att de upplevde utmaningar i faderskapet och behovet av stöd från samhället efterfrågades. Följande teman och subteman identifierades, (1) Utmaningar i faderskapet, subteman: Effekten av att inte vara förberedd, PPDs påverkan på familjelivet och Möjligheter till anknytning. (2) Samhällets inverkan, subteman: Stödbarriärer - Hinder att övervinna förnödvändigt stöd och Behovet av stöd och resurser. Konklusion: Ett begrepp genomsyrade studiens samtliga teman; barriärer. Fäder stötte på flera hinder som motverkade ambitionen att vara den fadersfigur de ville vara. Dessa barriärer har formats utifrån samhälleliga normer samtur ett vårdsystem som påvisar brister gällande kunskap och förståelse för PPDs inverkan på familjelivet, samt inkludering av fadern, den bortglömda föräldern. / Background: Parenting includes physical and mental challenges, which can be stressful for both parents. As peripartum depression (PPD) affects the mother, both parenting and the experience of being a parent can be negatively affected. The fathers’ experiences of the situation when the mother suffers from PPD often mean suffering even for him, which is a perspective that has long been neglected. Aim: To describe fathers' experiences of parenthood when the mother suffered from peripartum depression. Method: A literature study involving ten scientific articles of qualitative method, selected through systematic searches in several databases. Analysis was carried out using a qualitative analysis model where comparisons of similarities and differences generated themes and sub themes. Result: Fathers were primarily affected by their partner’s PPD by experiencing challenges in paternity and the need for support from society was highlighted. Following themes and sub themes were identified, (1) Challenges in paternity, sub themes: The impact of not being prepared, PPD´s impact on family life and Opportunities for Attachment (2) Societal impact, sub themes: Support barriers – Obstacles to overcome for necessary support and The need for support and resources. Conclusion: A concept permeated all the themes of the study; Barriers. Fathers encountered several obstacles that thwarted the ambition to be the father figure they wanted to be. These barriers have been constructed by societal norms as well as from a care system that demonstrates a lack of knowledge and understanding of PPD's impact on family life and the inclusion of the father, the forgotten parent.

El objetivo de la investigación fue describir la paternidad desde la perspectiva de mujeres con esposos con una larga jornada laboral. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo de diseño fenomenológico, aplicando la entrevista semi estructurada a 10 mujeres con edades entre los 30 y 50 años, que tienen esposos con un horario de trabajo mayor a 8 horas diarias y de 2 a 4 hijos. Los principales resultados evidencian que, según las participantes, los padres están presentes en la vida de los hijos desde el momento de la concepción (noticia del embarazo). Asimismo, si bien los padres están presentes, las madres esperan que la figura paterna tenga mayor presencia en el desarrollo de los hijos. Por otro lado, las madres prefieren un nuevo modelo de paternidad, donde el padre se involucra más en el cuidado de los hijos. Se concluye, que las funciones de paternidad y maternidad siguen siendo dirigidas en función a los roles tradicionales de género. / The objective of the research was to describe paternity from the perspective of women with husbands with a long working day. A qualitative study of phenomenological design was carried out, applying the semi-structured interview to 10 women aged between 30 and 50 years, who have husbands with a work schedule greater than 8 hours a day and 2 to 4 children. The main results show that, according to the participants, parents are present in their children's lives from the moment of conception (pregnancy news). Likewise, although fathers are present, mothers hope that the father figure will have a greater presence in the development of their children. On the other hand, mothers prefer a new model of parenting, where the father is more involved in caring for the children. It is concluded that the functions of fatherhood and motherhood continue to be directed according to traditional gender roles. / Tesis

MSc (Zoology) / Department of Zoology

This diploma thesis analyses the questions that were put in to the Gender Studies, o. p. s. online law centre between the years 2006 and 2014. This online law centre is primarily dedicated to answer questions on the topic of discrimination in the labour market, especially on issues relating to maternity or paternity leave as well as reconciliation of personal and working life. The theoretical part is devoted to putting this issue into the appropriate social and legal context. The main aim of this thesis is to answer the research question on what are the topics of the questions asked in this online law centre within the above mentioned time period, and also to determine whether men and women are interested in diverse topics. The chosen research method is quantitative content analysis. The outputs of this analysis are rather descriptive due to the high number of analysed queries. Keywords: discrimination, maternity leave, paternity leave, paternal allowance, reconciliation of personal and working life.

In recent years Germany had to deal with demographical changes on his own territory, pointing an increasingly aging population and on the other hand with a low birth rate that could not normalize this trend. Family policy deals with these issues because one of its current goals is to raise birth rates and ensure and strengthen the position of women in the market. As a possible solution, the family policy sees it in the contribution of men to the share of parental leave. Therefore this diploma thesis will have this topic in the focus. The turning point for Germany and especially for fathers was the year 2007 when the so called "Elterngeld" was introduced with the goal to encourage men to take parental leave and support the woman with raising children. Thanks to this fact that a man help a woman with an upbringing child and household, to women is given the possibility to return to the working environment earlier (at least for a half-time job). This partnership should ensure greater stability in the relationship and possibly ensuring next offspring that Germany necessarily needs. Since 2007 can be noticed interesting numbers of men entering the parental leave. Noteworthy is that one of the highest figures is reported by Saxony with Dresden and Leipzig. Since the man is now seen as one of possible...

The aim of this work was the construction of set of microsatellites for the Grey Partridge (Perdix perdix). I succeeded in isolation of seven new specific microsatellites. Another microsatellite markers were passed from close relative galliform species (Galliformes). On the whole I gained 18 microsatellite loci which were used for study of population charakteristics of three partridge populations from Stodůlky, Písecko and Milešín. The analysis showed conspicuous structuredness of these populations and surprisingly low values (less then 100) of their effective population sizes. Seven of the microsatellites were chosen for analysis of paternity. Indeed I found the evidence of extrapair paternity in this putatively monogamous bird. Finally I conclude, on the basis of sequenation of mitochondrial control region that our populations belong to the western linage of mitochondrial DNA.

Solicitud de envío manuscrito de artículo científico. / Esta investigación analiza el dadvertising, el nuevo tipo de publicidad paternal que promueve representaciones cercanas y multifacéticas de los hombres en su rol de padre dentro del hogar. Al ser una tendencia emergente, no hay suficientes estudios para construir mensajes publicitarios empáticos e inclusivos dirigido a los padres; siendo relevante identificar los códigos del dadvertising asociados a la equidad de género que muestre imágenes más equitativas de los padres en la industria publicitaria alejada de los estereotipos tradicionales. La metodología cualitativa analiza el fenómeno de dadvertising a través del spot publicitario “Más tiempo para crecer” de la marca bancaria Interbank. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 15 padres de familia de 25 a 39 años de edad. Como resultado, se sostiene que los códigos de dadvertising orientados a la equidad de género contribuyen a la construcción de un discurso publicitario con características más profundas y consistentes de los padres de familia para generar una identificación y actitud positiva de marca con ellos. / This research analyzes dadvertising, the new type of paternal advertising that promotes close and realistic representations of men associated with gender equality in their role as father within the home. Being an emerging trend, there are not enough studies to build empathetic and inclusive advertising messages directed at parents; it is relevant to identify the dadvertising codes associated with gender equality that show more equitable images of parents in the advertising industry away from traditional stereotypes. The qualitative methodology analyses the phenomenon of dadvertising through the advertising spot “Más tiempo para crecer” from the Interbank banking brand. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 parents from 25 to 39 years of age. As a result, it is argued that dadvertising codes oriented to gender equality contribute to the construction of an advertising discourse with deeper and more consistent characteristics of parents to generate a positive brand identification and attitude with them. / Tesis