Des del punt de vista psicoanalític, el pare i el seu paper en el desenvolupament integral del seu fill/a, ha estat un tema àmpliament desconegut i desatés. Un fet semblant passa des del punt de vista de la investigació empírica en la psicologia evolutiva, psicologia clínica, psicopatologia, etc. Però, les noves perspectives de la investigació sobre el desenvolupament i creixement de les criatures, tant des del punt de vista de l'observació sistemàtica i clínica, com dels estudis empírics, li atorguen cada cop més importància. Els canvis socials i psicosocials de la família han suposat indubtables canvis del paper de la mare i del paper del pare (i de les seves representacions mentals acompanyants) que fa poc temps han començat a considerar-seHan aparegut estudis i descripcions sobre la sèrie de canvis que pateix el pare dintre de la família, a partir de l'embaràs i del naixement de la criatura.En aquest treball presentarem una visió general sobre el tema, i resultats que hem obtingut en el nostre estudi sobre la transició a la paternitat en pares d'una llar d'infants del districte de Sant Martí de Barcelona.S'han investigat variables biològiques, psicològiques i psicosocials durant l'embaràs, als tres mesos de vida de la criatura, i quan aquesta tenia 12 mesos.En general, els resultats apunten cap la importància de la paternitat com una important transició psicològica, i que ens pot permetre parlar de crisi psicosocial. I ho fa en tres nivells: síndrome de covada, desequilibri emocional post-part i aspectes que continuen en la transició bio-psico-social als 12 mesos de vida de la criatura. / Desde el punto de vista psicoanalítico, el padre y el papel que realiza en el desarrollo integral de su hijo/a, és un tema ámpliamente desconocido y desatendido. Algo similar ocurre desde el punto de vista de la investigación empírica en psicología evolutiva, psicología clínica, psicopatología,.. Y sin embargo, las nuevas perspectivas de la investigación sobre el desarrollo y crecimiento de los niñios/as, tanto desde el punto de vista de la observación sistemática y/o clínica como de los estudios empíricos, le conceden una importancia cada vez mayor. Los cambios sociales y psicosociales que padece la familia han supuesto indudables cambios del papel de la madre y del papel del padre (y de sus representaciones mentales acompañantes), que sólo recientemente han comenzado a estudiarse.En este trabajo presentaremos una visión general sobre el tema, y los resultados que hemos obtenido en nuestro estudio sobre la transición a la paternidad en padres de una guarderia del distrito de Sant Martí de Barcelona.Se han investigado variables biológicas, psicológicas y psicosociales durante el embarazo, a los tres meses de vida del hijo/a, y a los 12 meses de vida de este/a.En general, los resultados apuntan hacia la importancia de la paternidad como una transición psicológica importante, y que nos permite hablar de transición psico-social en tres niveles. Estos puntos son: síndrome de covada, desequilibrio emocional post-parto y aspectos que continuan en la transición bio-psico-social a los 12 meses de vida de la criatura. / From the psychoanalytical point of view the subject of the father and the role he plays in the integral development of his child has been really unknown and neglected. The similar thing happens as far as the empirical investigation in the clinical psychology, evaluative psychology and psychopathology are concerned. Nevertheless, the perspectives in the investigation about the children development and growing up, from the systematically and/or clinical observation and the empiric studies points of view, consider them an increasing importance. The social and psychosocial changes that can be observed in the institution of the family cause undoubted changes in the role of the mother and in the role of the father (and their accompanying representations), changes that have been investigated very recently. Nowadays, there appear many studies and descriptions of the series of the changes that suffers the father and his role in the family, related with the pregnancy and the children's birth.Now we shall present a general vision of the topic and some of the results of a empiric research work carried out about the paternity transition among the fathers of a nursery in Sant Martí¬ district of Barcelona. Biological variables, psychological and psycho-socials ones were investigated during the pregnancy, in the first three months of the son's life and in the first birthday. In general, the results point toward the importance of fatherhood as a psychosocial transition more important than expected at the three levels, and including issues of a psychosocial crisis with elements of couvade syndrome, postpartum fragility and permanent (1 year) psychosocial changes.

Contrairement à d’autres groupes animaux, chez les primates, la hiérarchie de dominance ne détermine pas systématiquement le succès reproductif des mâles. Afin de comprendre pourquoi, j’ai étudié les stratégies de reproduction des mâles et des femelles dans un groupe de macaques rhésus de la population semi-libre de Cayo Santiago (Porto Rico), collectant des données comportementales, hormonales et génétiques pendant deux saisons de reproduction. Les résultats se résument en cinq points. 1. Les nouveaux mâles qui ont immigré dans le groupe d’étude occupaient tous les rangs les plus subordonnés de la hiérarchie de dominance et ont monté en rang suite au départ de mâles plus dominants. Ainsi, l’acquisition d’un rang supérieur s’est faite passivement, en absence de conflits. Par conséquent, les mâles dominants étaient généralement d’âge mature et avaient résidé plus longtemps dans le groupe que les mâles subordonnés. 2. L’accès des mâles aux femelles est en accord avec le « modèle de la priorité d’accès » selon lequel le nombre de femelles simultanément en œstrus détermine le rang de dominance du mâle le plus subordonné qui peut avoir accès à une femelle (p. ex. le mâle de rang 4 s’il y a quatre femelles en œstrus). Bien que les mâles dominants aient eu plus de partenaires et aient monopolisé les femelles de qualité supérieure (dominance, parité, âge) pendant leur période ovulatoire (identifiée grâce au profil hormonal de la progestérone), le rang de dominance n’a pas déterminé le succès reproductif, les mâles intermédiaires ayant engendré significativement plus de rejetons que prédit. Il est possible que ces jeunes adultes aient produit un éjaculat de meilleure qualité que les mâles dominants d’âge mature, leur donnant un avantage au niveau de la compétition spermatique. 3. Les mâles dominants préféraient les femelles dominantes, mais cette préférence n’était pas réciproque, ces femelles coopérant plutôt avec les mâles intermédiaires, plus jeunes et moins familiers (c.-à-d. courte durée de résidence). Au contraire, les femelles subordonnées ont coopéré avec les mâles dominants. La préférence des femelles pour les mâles non familiers pourrait être liée à l’attrait pour un nouveau bagage génétique. 4. L’intensité de la couleur de la peau du visage des femelles pendant le cycle ovarien était corrélée au moment de la phase ovulatoire, une information susceptible d’être utilisée par les mâles pour maximiser leur probabilité de fécondation. 5. Les femelles retiraient des bénéfices directs de leurs liaisons sexuelles. En effet, les femelles en liaison sexuelle bénéficiaient d’un niveau de tolérance plus élevé de la part de leur partenaire mâle lorsqu’elles étaient à proximité d’une source de nourriture défendable, comparativement aux autres femelles. En somme, bien que les mâles dominants aient bénéficié d’une priorité d’accès aux femelles fertiles, cela s’est avéré insuffisant pour leur garantir la fécondation de ces femelles parce que celles-ci avaient plusieurs partenaires sexuels. Il semble que l’âge et la durée de résidence des mâles, corrélats de leur mode d’acquisition du rang, aient confondu l’effet du rang de dominance. / In contrast to most animal groups, dominance hierarchy does not systematically determine male reproductive success in primates. In order to investigate why, I studied male and female reproductive strategies in a group of free-ranging rhesus macaques on Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico. I collected behavioural, genetic, and hormonal data during two consecutive mating seasons. My results are summarized below. 1. All new males who immigrated into the study group occupied the lowest-ranking position in the dominance hierarchy and rose in rank as the higher-ranking males left the group. Achieving a higher dominance rank occurred passively, without physical conflict. Thus, dominant males were mature individuals who resided longest in the group. 2. Male access to oestrus females followed the predictions of the ‘priority of access’ model, in which the number of females in oestrus determines the rank of the lowest-ranking male who can access a female (e.g. the fourth ranking male if four females are in oestrus). Even though dominant males obtained more mating partners and monopolised higher quality females (dominance, parity, age) during the ovulation window (as identified using progesterone profiles), dominance rank did not determine reproductive success, as intermediate-ranking males sired significantly more infants than predicted. It is likely that those young, intermediate-ranking adult males produced high quality ejaculate, giving them an advantage in sperm competition. 3. Dominant males preferred high-ranking females, but this preference was not reciprocal; high-ranking females cooperated with younger and less familiar intermediate-ranking males. Conversely, subordinate females cooperated with dominant males. Female preference for non-familiar males (i.e. short residency in the group) may be explained by an attraction to a novel genetic pool. 4. Female facial color intensity during the ovarian cycle was correlated with the timing of the ovulation window. This information may be used by males in order to maximize their fertilisation probability. 5. Consort females enjoyed a higher level of tolerance from their male partner when they were in proximity to a monopolisable food source, compared to other, non-consort females. This suggests that females obtained direct benefits from their sexual consorts. In conclusion, even though dominant males had priority access to ovulating females in the group, this was insufficient to guarantee fertilisation when females had several sexual partners. It appears that males’ age and length of residency, both correlates of their rank acquisition mode, may have been confounding factors in dominance rank.

Surrogacy arrangements have become an increasingly popular way for childless people to build a family. Yet many jurisdictions do not regulate surrogacy. Even in the ab-sence of surrogacy regulation, if a jurisdiction has no specific legal rules that clarify parenthood following surrogacy, the result is often uncertainty in relation to the legal parental status of the surrogate mother, her spouse or cohabitant, any possible donors, and the commissioning parents. This, in turn, leaves the surrogate-born child’s family law status uncertain.   This thesis examines the legal aspects of parenthood and how it is, or could be, determined in Sweden following surrogacy arrangements. Important aims are to estab-lish whether the current national laws regulating family law can sufficiently protect the interests of the surrogate-born child and the parties to surrogacy arrangements, with an emphasis on interests connected to family law status; to examine the ways in which other jurisdictions (England and Wales, and Israel) have responded to similar issues; and to identify problems and propose alternative solutions in relation to the specific issue of establishing legal parenthood following surrogacy at a domestic level, either with or without State regulation of surrogacy agreements.   Consideration is given to whether it might be appropriate to re-evaluate or qualify the existing presumptions of parenthood, in particular the unwritten presumption of maternity. Several alternatives for the transfer of legal parenthood from the surrogate mother, and her spouse or cohabitant as the case may be, to the commissioning parent or parents are also examined. In addition, the ethical implications of surrogacy ar-rangements are explored in order to provide an insight into the way in which subcon-scious or hidden values might make it difficult for a State to regulate certain areas of private life such as parenthood.   The starting point for the thesis is that it is in the best interests of the child to have parents at birth and that this interest must be prioritised over an intended parent’s interest in becoming a parent. This view is based on and is consistent with existing Swedish law and policy.

Au moment où le législateur s’apprête à ouvrir l’assistance médicale à la procréation aux couples de femmes, cette étude a pour objet de porter un regard critique sur l’analyse doctrinale du Titre VII du Livre premier du Code civil. Alors que la plupart des auteurs considèrent que le droit français est incohérent en ce qu’il recourt aux mêmes modes d’établissement de la filiation que l’enfant soit ou non lié biologiquement à ceux qui sont juridiquement reconnus comme ses parents, cette thèse propose de réenvisager le fondement de la filiation à partir d’une analyse causale de la parenté. Ce changement de perspective permet d’éclairer sous un jour nouveau les conditions d’accès à l’assistance médicale à la procréation ainsi que les enjeux tenant à leur éventuelle modification. Il permet aussi et surtout de réévaluer la cohérence du droit de la filiation et sa capacité à appréhender ces nouvelles figures de la parenté. / As the legislator gets ready to open medically assisted procreation to women couples, the purpose of this study is to take a critical look at the doctrinal analysis of the Title VII of the First Book of the French Civil Code. Most of the authors consider that French law is incoherent as it uses the same modes of establishment of filiation whether a child is biologically related to those who are recognized as his parents or not. This thesis proposes to reconsider the basis of filiation, using a causal analysis of parenthood. This change of perspective allows to cast a new light on the eligibility criteria to medically assisted procreation as well as on the stakes of their potential modification. It also leads to reevaluate the coherence of the law of filiation and its capacity to comprehend the new figures of parenthood.

Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo Convergente-assistencial, que teve como objetivo: conhecer as expectativas do pai em relação a sua participação nas orientações e cuidados de sua mulher e filho, incluí-lo nas orientações e cuidados, e conhecer sua percepção sobre sua inserção no alojamento conjunto. Participaram nove pais que tiveram seus filhos em sistema de alojamento conjunto em um hospital-escola de Porto Alegre. As informações foram coletadas através de entrevista semi-estruturada, observações e anotações em diário de campo, e, após submetidas a uma análise de conteúdo do tipo temática proposta por Bardin (1977). Os temas encontrados foram: expectativas de participação do pai nos cuidados da mãe e do bebê; a participação do pai nos cuidados da mãe e do bebê e a percepção do pai sobre sua participação nos cuidados da mãe e do bebê. Constatou-se que o pai tem expectativa de poder participar e ficar junto de sua mulher e filho . Os pais demonstraram que realizar os cuidados dos bebês não é difícil, mostraram-se companheiros e tranqüilizadores de suas mulheres, apresentaram dificuldades em realizar os cuidados puerperais e o auxílio à mulher na amamentação. Os pais consideraram válida a experiência, recomendando que seja permanente e extensiva a outros hospitais. / This research follows a qualitative perspective and is of a convergent approach kind. The research had three main aims: to know the father's expectarions regarding, their participarion on their women's and children 's guidance and care, to invesrigate the father's perceprions about their presence in the rooming-in and to work towards inc1uding them in the actual guidance and care of their women and children. The nine father 's who participated in the research, ali had their children in the rooming-in of a school-hospital in the city of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Infonnations was gathered through semi-sttuctured interviews, observarions and fieldnotes. Data was analysed through the content analysis proposed by Bardin (1977). Three themes has emerged from the analysis: the father's expectarions about his participarion on the care of the mother and the baby, his actual participation on the care of the mother and the baby and his perceprions on this participarion. One of the research findings was that father expect to be able to participate and stay together with his woman and child. The data analysis suggested that it is not difficult for interviewed fathers to take care of their babies. The fathers demonstrated to be companions and tranquilizers. However they had difficulties on puerperal cares and on helping the mother and the baby during the lactarion period. The fathers considered this experience to be valid and recomended that it should be made pemanent and extensi ve to other hospitals. / Se trata de una investigación cualitativa dei tipo Convergente-asistencial, que tuvo como objetivo: conocer las expectativas dei padre con relación a su participación en las orientaciones y cuidados hacia su mujer e hijo, incluirlo en las orientaciones y cuidados, y conocer su percepción sobre su inserción en el alojamiento conjunto. Participaron nueve padres que tuvieron a sus hijos en sistema de alojamiento -conjunto en un hospital-escuela de Porto Alegre. Las inforrnaciones fueron reunidas a través de entrevista semi-estructurada, observaciones y anotaciones en diario de campo, y después, sometidas a un analisis de contenido, temática propuesta por 8ardin (1977). Los temas encontrados fueron: expectativas de participación dei padre en los cuidados de la madre y dei bebé, la participación dei padre en los cuidados de la madre y dei bebé y la percepción dei padre sobre su participación en los cuidados de la madre y dei bebé. Se constató que el padre tiene expectativa de poder participar y quedarse junto a su mujer e hijo. Los padres demostraron que realizar los cuidados de los bebés no es difícil, se mostraron compaiíeros y tranquilizadores de sus mujeres, presentaron dificultades en realizar los cuidados puerperiales y a auxiliaria durante el arnamantamiento. Los padres consideraron válida la experiencia, recomendando que sea permanente y extensiva a otros hospitales.

Este estudo baseou-se no acompanhamento, por parte da pesquisadora como analista judiciária, de quatro casos de adoção de crianças entre quatro e 10 anos de idade, tramitados na Segunda Vara da Infância e Juventude de Recife, ao longo do ano de 2013. Nesses casos, constatamos a dificuldade de os adotandos filiarem-se às mães adotivas, às quais se gerou grande sofrimento, enquanto se aproximaram afetivamente dos pais adotivos sem aparentes percalços. Por tal razão, a fim de contribuir para o trabalho desenvolvido nas adoções de crianças acima de quatro anos (aqui referidos como adoções de criança maior), preparando os adotandos e auxiliando os adotantes no processo de filiação, buscamos identificar as particularidades dessa filiação. Além do mais, analisamos o modo de se vivenciarem a maternidade e a paternidade nos estágios de convivência e, ainda, de a relação do casal quanto ao desejo de adoção, relacionar-se com a interação da criança com as figuras parentais adotivas. Para isso, realizamos uma pesquisa de abordagem psicanalítica, analisando os relatos de acompanhamento dos estágios de convivência. Como resultado, em relação às crianças adotadas, constatamos que a precariedade na vivência do luto das imagos parentais prejudica o reinvestimento afetivo nas novas figuras maternas. Já em relação às famílias adotivas, percebemos que as dificuldades na vivência do luto do filho biológico interferem na filiação adotiva. Especificamente, para as mães adotivas, é necessário o luto do lugar de mãe como o lugar do objeto de amor primordial do filho, uma vez que, pelo desenvolvimento do adotando, a criança demandará um modelo de relação diferente daquela construída com infantes. Diante de tais constatações, esperamos contribuir para a construção de novos conhecimentos que embasem o trabalho de preparação das famílias adotivas, fundamental para o sucesso na adoção. / This study was based on the attendance, by this reasearcher as a judiciary analist, in four adoptions cases of children between four and ten years old, prosecuted at the Recifes Secound Childhood and Adolescece Court, along the year of 2013. On these cases, we verified the adoptees difficulty to filiate with the adoptive mothers, wich caused great suffering, while they affectively approached the adoptive fatherss without any apparent setbacks. For that reason, to contribute to the development of the work whith older than four year old childrens adoption (here refered as older child adoption), preparing the adoptees and assisting the adoptive parents on the filiation process, we sought to identify these filiations particularities. Furthermore, we analyzed how the maternity and paternity was experienced on the adaptation period and, more, and the relation of the couple regarding the will to adopt related to the childs interaction with the adoptive figures. Thereunto, we conducted a psychoanalytic approachs reaseach, analysing adaptation periods attendance reports. As results, regarding the adoptive children, we verified that the precariousness on experiencing the parental imagos mourning affects the emotional reinvestment upon the new maternal figures. As for the adoptive families, we noticed that the difficulties experiencing the biological childs mourning interferes on the adoptive filiation. Especially, for the adoptive mothers, it required mourn being a mother as being the sons primary love object, since, because of the childs development, he will demand a different relationship pattern than the one experienced with a baby. Upon the findings, we hope to contribute to the development of new knowledge to base te adoptive families preparation, essential to the adoptions success.

Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo Convergente-assistencial, que teve como objetivo: conhecer as expectativas do pai em relação a sua participação nas orientações e cuidados de sua mulher e filho, incluí-lo nas orientações e cuidados, e conhecer sua percepção sobre sua inserção no alojamento conjunto. Participaram nove pais que tiveram seus filhos em sistema de alojamento conjunto em um hospital-escola de Porto Alegre. As informações foram coletadas através de entrevista semi-estruturada, observações e anotações em diário de campo, e, após submetidas a uma análise de conteúdo do tipo temática proposta por Bardin (1977). Os temas encontrados foram: expectativas de participação do pai nos cuidados da mãe e do bebê; a participação do pai nos cuidados da mãe e do bebê e a percepção do pai sobre sua participação nos cuidados da mãe e do bebê. Constatou-se que o pai tem expectativa de poder participar e ficar junto de sua mulher e filho . Os pais demonstraram que realizar os cuidados dos bebês não é difícil, mostraram-se companheiros e tranqüilizadores de suas mulheres, apresentaram dificuldades em realizar os cuidados puerperais e o auxílio à mulher na amamentação. Os pais consideraram válida a experiência, recomendando que seja permanente e extensiva a outros hospitais. / This research follows a qualitative perspective and is of a convergent approach kind. The research had three main aims: to know the father's expectarions regarding, their participarion on their women's and children 's guidance and care, to invesrigate the father's perceprions about their presence in the rooming-in and to work towards inc1uding them in the actual guidance and care of their women and children. The nine father 's who participated in the research, ali had their children in the rooming-in of a school-hospital in the city of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Infonnations was gathered through semi-sttuctured interviews, observarions and fieldnotes. Data was analysed through the content analysis proposed by Bardin (1977). Three themes has emerged from the analysis: the father's expectarions about his participarion on the care of the mother and the baby, his actual participation on the care of the mother and the baby and his perceprions on this participarion. One of the research findings was that father expect to be able to participate and stay together with his woman and child. The data analysis suggested that it is not difficult for interviewed fathers to take care of their babies. The fathers demonstrated to be companions and tranquilizers. However they had difficulties on puerperal cares and on helping the mother and the baby during the lactarion period. The fathers considered this experience to be valid and recomended that it should be made pemanent and extensi ve to other hospitals. / Se trata de una investigación cualitativa dei tipo Convergente-asistencial, que tuvo como objetivo: conocer las expectativas dei padre con relación a su participación en las orientaciones y cuidados hacia su mujer e hijo, incluirlo en las orientaciones y cuidados, y conocer su percepción sobre su inserción en el alojamiento conjunto. Participaron nueve padres que tuvieron a sus hijos en sistema de alojamiento -conjunto en un hospital-escuela de Porto Alegre. Las inforrnaciones fueron reunidas a través de entrevista semi-estructurada, observaciones y anotaciones en diario de campo, y después, sometidas a un analisis de contenido, temática propuesta por 8ardin (1977). Los temas encontrados fueron: expectativas de participación dei padre en los cuidados de la madre y dei bebé, la participación dei padre en los cuidados de la madre y dei bebé y la percepción dei padre sobre su participación en los cuidados de la madre y dei bebé. Se constató que el padre tiene expectativa de poder participar y quedarse junto a su mujer e hijo. Los padres demostraron que realizar los cuidados de los bebés no es difícil, se mostraron compaiíeros y tranquilizadores de sus mujeres, presentaron dificultades en realizar los cuidados puerperiales y a auxiliaria durante el arnamantamiento. Los padres consideraron válida la experiencia, recomendando que sea permanente y extensiva a otros hospitales.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T20:12:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGEF14MA023.pdf: 1162043 bytes, checksum: 8432963324a52811e61e2d071eacc033 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Gene flow is a determining component of persistence and adaptation of local populations, and may influence their ecological properties. Understand the behavior of this flow in natural or altered populations is essential for developing effective conservation plans by the use of natural resources. We investigated the influence of Pinus plantations in the pollen dispersal patterns in remaining Araucaria angustifolia populations (patches), using paternity analysis with eight microsatellite locos. For this, we sampled two patches in the grassland area and two patches in the pine plantations area, located in southern Santa Catarina plateau. In the study areas all male reproductive individuals (68) and 400 seeds from 20 seed-tree (five per population) were mapped and genotyped. The paternity analysis revealed higher average distance of pollination for grassland area (170 m) than Pinus plantation area (67 m). The effective number of pollen donors (Nep) was 16.4 and 8.9 for grassland area and Pinus, respectively. Grassland areas showed a pollen immigration rate of 46%, and the plantation area showed a 36%. These results are an indication that the Pinus plantation can act as barrier to pollen flow, although, pollen dispersal occurs through plantings. There was no significant spatial genetic structure for adults, and high levels of genetic diversity were verified in both areas (He, ranging 0.16 to 0.829), with no significant differences, suggesting presence of historic gene flow between locals. While the seeds from natural grasslands seed-tree present no significant fixation index, the seeds from seed-tree located into Piuns plantations presented significant fixation indexes (F = 0.076, P<0.05). Both adult population and seeds showed private alleles, evidencing that not all possible reproductive individuals, in the remnants, contributed to seed sampled formation, however, pollen flow from outside contributed effectively to seed formation within patches / O fluxo gênico é um dos componentes determinantes da persistência e adaptação das populações locais, podendo influenciar em suas propriedades ecológicas. Entender o comportamento desse fluxo em populações naturais ou alteradas é essencial para elaboração de planos eficazes de conservação pelo uso dos recursos naturais. Investigou-se a influência de plantios de Pinus no padrão de dispersão de pólen em populações remanescentes de Araucaria angustifolia (capões), por meio análises de paternidade com oito locos microssatélites. Para isso, amostraram-se dois capões em área de campo e dois em área de plantios de Pinus, localizados no planalto sul catarinense. Nas áreas de estudo (capões) foram mapeados e genotipados todos os 68 indivíduos machos reprodutivos e mais 400 sementes retiradas de 20 plantas matrizes (cinco por população). A análise de paternidade revelou que a distância média de polinização para a área de campo (170 m), foi maior do que para área de plantios de Pinus (67 m). O número efetivo de polinizadores (Nep) foi de 16,4 e 8,9 para área de campo e plantio de Pinus, respectivamente. Áreas de campo apresentaram uma taxa de imigração de pólen de 46% e áreas de plantio apresentaram 36%. Esses resultados são um indicio de que os plantios de Pinus podem agir como barreira ao fluxo de pólen, embora ainda ocorre fluxo através dos plantios. Verificou-se a presença de estrutura genética espacial não significativa para os indivíduos adultos em ambas as áreas, além de uma elevada diversidade genética (He, variando de 0,16 a 0,829), sem diferenças significativas, sugerindo a presença de um fluxo gênico histórico entre as áreas. Enquanto as sementes oriundas das matrizes em meio as áreas de campo não apresentaram índice de fixação significativos, as sementes oriundas das árvores em meio aos plantios de Pinus apresentarem índices de fixação significativos (F = 0,076, P<0,05). Tanto a população adulta quanto as sementes apresentaram alelos exclusivos, evidenciando que nem todos os indivíduos reprodutivos presentes nos remanescentes contribuíram para a formação da amostra de sementes, entretanto o fluxo de pólen externo contribuiu efetivamente para formação das sementes de dentro do capão

Resumo: O Eucalyptus camaldulensis, espécie nativa da Austrália, é plantada com sucesso em vários países em função da sua superioridade na produção de madeira, em relação a outras espécies sob condições ambientais adversas, com destaque para tolerância ao déficit hídrico e à alta temperatura. Em abril de 1986 instalou-se uma população base de Eucalyptus camaldulensis, em Selvíria-MS, na Fazenda de Ensino e Pesquisa e Extensão - Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira/UNESP, constituída por 25 matrizes, sendo 13 (Lote 14517) procedentes da região de Nott's Crossing, Katherine River, Austrália, e as 12 restantes pertencentes ao lote 13923 da CSIRO. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi investigar a variabilidade genética da população base e do teste de progênies, baseado na caracterização molecular (locos microssatélites) e quantitativa (caracteres quantitativos DAP, altura, forma do fuste, volume, brotação, densidade básica da madeira e resistência à penetração), para fins de conservação e melhoramento genético. Os caracteres quantitativos foram avaliados dos 20 aos 23 anos após a instalação da população base, sendo que aos 21 anos desbastou-se 83,33% da população base, baseado no índice multi-efeitos, transformando-se em uma população de melhoramento ou pomar de sementes. Em outubro de 2008 instalou-se um teste de progênies a partir de sementes de 136 árvores oriundas da população de melhoramento, e avaliou-se altura total de plantas aos seis meses após instalação do teste de progênies. A caracterização molecular ocorreu em 250 indivíduos da população de melhoramento e em 500 indivíduos do teste de progênies. A população base e o teste de progênies possuem alta variabilidade genética para os caracteres avaliados, mesmo após o desbaste seletivo. Existe seleção para heterozigotos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Eucalyptus camaldulensis is Australian specie that is planted successfully in many countries in function of its superiority in production of wood in relation to other species in adverse environmental conditions, emphasis by tolerance to drought and high temperature. In April 1986 established a base population of Eucalyptus camaldulensis in Selvíria-MS in Experimental Research Station, Engineer School of Ilha Solteira, UNESP, with 25 seed-trees, 13 (lot 14517) coming from region of Nott's Crossing, Katherine River, Australia, and 12 belong to the lot 13923 CSIRO. The main objective of this study was to investigate the genetic variability of the base population and the progeny test based on molecular characterization (microsatellite loci) and quantitative (quantitative traits DBH, height, stem shape, volume, sprouting, wood basic density and penetration resistance), for purposes of genetic conservation and breeding. The quantitative traits were evaluated from 20 to 23 years after installation of the base population, and logging up 83,33% of the base population with 21 years, based multi-effect index selection, turning into a breeding population or seed orchard. In October 2008 it was installed a test progeny from seed of 136 trees coming from the breeding population, and evaluated total height at six months after installation of the progeny test. There was a molecular characterization in 250 individuals of the improvement population and in 500 individuals from progeny test. The base population and progeny test are highly variable genetic traits, even after selective thinning. There is selection for the heterozygous between progeny and adult phase, and the species has a mixed mating system, producing seeds by a combination of crosses with self pollination, with a predominance of crosses. The improvement population is isolated in terms of gene... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Mario Luiz Teixeira de Moraes / Coorientador: Edson Seizo Mori / Banca: Alexandre Magno Sebbenn / Banca: Miguel Luiz Menezes Freitas / Banca: Anete Pereira de Souza / Banca: Rinaldo César de Paula / Doutor

The work deals with the theme of faterhood from a historical, sociological, psychological and ethical perspective. The importance of the father in child care is defined as the general terms and in terms of specific developmental stages of the child and his female or male sex. The central part of the work consists of the basic characteristics of the ethical aspects that should be applied when the father is caring the child. Final summary is devoted to issue of gay fathers and the dilemma, which is associated with the possiblity to enable them to educate children.