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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
51

Making Them Laugh: Elements of the Comic in the Peasant Revel Scenes of Pieter Bruegel the Elder, 1550-1580

LANGUSI, DANIELA 21 August 2008 (has links)
No description available.
52

Memorial das Ligas Camponesas: preservação da memória e promoção dos direitos humanos

Alves, Janicleide Martins de Morais 29 August 2014 (has links)
Submitted by Viviane Lima da Cunha (viviane@biblioteca.ufpb.br) on 2016-02-18T11:40:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 5966675 bytes, checksum: f26922cef212a8cd28e40812c9d558e2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-18T11:40:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 5966675 bytes, checksum: f26922cef212a8cd28e40812c9d558e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-29 / The study sought to analyze the performance of the Memorial of the Peasant Leagues in memory preservation and promotion of human rights. We used literature sources, electronic sites, desk research and fieldwork with the oral history methodology, which provided a further insight into what this Memorial represents in the lives of its creators, current members and residents of the Barra de Antas Community. It was done an outline of the economic, social and cultural human rights birth, which globally were born late regarding to the civil rights. It was also treated the policy directed to the Rights of Memory and Truth, that was strengthened by the approval of the National Human Rights Program (NHRP-3) and creation of the National Commission for Truth, which has been trying to repair the suffering caused to the victims of the civil-military regime with the clarification of the facts that prove Human Rights violation by political motivation. We conducted a historical investigation about the origin of the Peasant Leagues in Brazilian northeast. The expansion, actions and achievements of the Ingenuity Galileia's Leagues, from Pernambuco and Sapé, Paraíba, were analyzed until the Civil-Military Coup of 1964 when they were eliminated. The history of the Memorial of the Peasant Leagues was reconstructed since 2006 up to the current days, particularly based on testimonials of people who attended his birth and who act in their activities. It was found that the Memorial of the Peasant Leagues is not only a memory space or historical heritage, but a space of identity formation, politics and struggle for human rights especially in Barra de Antas. It was found that violence is still strong in the Brazilian countryside and despite progress there are obstacles to the realization of Agrarian Reform in Brazil. Although democratic, the Federal Constitution is not present in its fullness in the daily lives of all Brazilians, particularly those who live in the countryside. / O estudo buscou analisar a atuação do Memorial das Ligas Camponesas na preservação da memória e promoção dos direitos humanos. Utilizou-se fontes bibliográficas, sítios eletrônicos, pesquisa documental e pesquisa de campo com a metodologia da história oral, que proporcionou uma visão mais aprofundada sobre o que representa este Memorial na vida dos seus idealizadores, atuais integrantes, e moradores da Comunidade Barra de Antas. Fez-se um esboço do nascimento dos direitos humanos econômicos, sociais e culturais que, no plano mundial, nasceram tardiamente em relação aos direitos civis. Tratou-se também da política direcionada ao Direito à Memória e à Verdade, que se fortaleceu com a aprovação do Programa Nacional de Direitos Humanos (PNDH-3), e a criação da Comissão Nacional da Verdade, que vêm tentando reparar o sofrimento causado às vítimas do regime civil-militar com o esclarecimento dos fatos que comprovam a violação de Direitos Humanos por motivação política. Realizou-se uma investigação histórica sobre a origem das Ligas Camponesas no Nordeste. A expansão, ações e conquistas das Ligas do Engenho Galileia, em Pernambuco, e de Sapé, na Paraíba, foram analisadas até o Golpe Civil-Militar de 1964, quando elas foram eliminadas. Reconstruiu-se a história do Memorial das Ligas Camponesas, de 2006 até os dias atuais, especialmente, a partir dos depoimentos de pessoas que participaram do seu nascimento e que atuam nas suas atividades. Constatou-se que o Memorial das Ligas Camponesas não é apenas um espaço de memória ou um patrimônio histórico, mas um espaço de formação identitária, política e de luta pelos direitos humanos, sobretudo em Barra de Antas. Verificou-se que a violência ainda é forte no campo brasileiro e que, apesar dos avanços, existem entraves para a efetivação da Reforma Agrária no Brasil. Apesar de democrática, a Constituição Federal não está presente em sua plenitude no cotidiano de todos os brasileiros(as), especialmente dos que vivem no campo.
53

« Nous on se sauve nous-mêmes… ». Sécularisation et identité paysanne en France de 1940 à nos jours : le cas de l’agriculture paysanne / « We are our own saviors… ». Secularization and peasant identity in France, from 1940 until today : the case of peasant farming

Gervais, Mathieu 04 November 2015 (has links)
Quelle place occupe la religion dans l'engagement des agriculteurs-paysans français, soucieux de la nature ? Pour répondre à cette question, nous déployons une approche sociologique historicisée de la construction d'une identité paysanne militante depuis la fin des années 1940. À partir de la philosophie de Jacques Maritain, une pensée nouvelle de la modernité infuse le mouvement paysan via l'Action catholique. Contre le traditionalisme s'élabore une personnalisation de l’engagement chrétien et paysan, moteur de la modernisation des campagnes dans une mise à distance d'un ordre naturel, politique et social lié au catholicisme. Plus tard, sous l’influence majeure d’un marxisme diffusé et retravaillé par des traducteurs chrétiens, une partie des agriculteurs progressistes radicalise ses analyses politiques et se rapproche de nouvelles luttes et de nouveaux acteurs sociaux tels que l’écologie. Dans ce rapprochement, les institutions religieuses et le discours qu’elles entretiennent sur la nature se trouvent mis à distance. Toutefois, les conceptions politiques, sociales et économiques embrassées – conceptualisées dans l’agriculture-paysanne – conservent la trace d’un héritage religieux de plus en plus éthicisé. Cette éthique prend comme objet central le respect de la vie, et légitime des pratiques agricoles alternatives selon le primat du spirituel contre l'anomie moderne. Autour de ce thème se fédèrent des profils variés, enfants d'agriculteurs et néoruraux, catholiques, agnostiques et adeptes de spiritualités diverses. / What part does religion play in the practices of farmers concerned about the environment? To answer this question, we shall employ a sociological yet historical approach to the building of an activist peasant identity since the end of the 1940s. At the time, based on the philosophical perspective developed by Jacques Maritain, a new understanding of modernity influenced the peasant movement via the Catholic Action. In reaction to traditionalism, this approach soon gave way to a more personal and individual conception of peasant and Christian activism, providing a new impetus for the modernisation of rural areas while marginalizing the natural, political and social order inherited from Catholicism. Later, under the significant influence of a revised version of Marxism spread by Christian translators, some progressive farmers radicalised their political analyses and showed a growing interest in new battles and new social operators such as ecology. As a consequence, this new interest edged out religious institutions and their positions about nature. Yet, today, the intertwined political, social and economic conceptions–conceptualised all together in peasant-farming–still retain the mark of a religious heritage in an increasingly ethical way. This ethical stance considers the right to life a core value, and finds legitimacy in alternative farming approaches on the basis of the prevalence of spirituality over modern anomie. This topic brings together people from various horizons, such as farmers’ children, neo-rural individuals, Catholics, agnostics and spiritually diverse people.
54

Conflitos de interesse e a escola camponesa : análise das práticas agroquímicas e agroecológicas na visão de jovens estudantes do Assentamento Córrego da Areia, São Mateus – ES /

Santos, Edgar Soares dos January 2017 (has links)
Orientador: Raul Borges Guimarães / Resumo: Esta investigação tem o propósito de discutir o papel da educação do campo no enfrentamento dos conflitos de uso da terra em assentamentos rurais, a partir da visão dos jovens estudantes sobre as práticas agroquímicas e agroecológicas. Para isto, o ponto de partida e de chegada da análise dessa realidade foi o conflito entre esses dois modelos de agricultura expresso no descontentamento dos jovens estudantes da Escola Camponesa, cujo projeto político-pedagógico se opõe ao modelo do capitalismo no campo e defende a agroecologia. Trata-se de um debate que nasce do enfrentamento de três questões cruciais para os educadores e educadoras da Reforma Agrária: a primeira diz respeito à relação entre a Educação do Campo e a Saúde Ambiental; a segunda, a relação entre a utilização de práticas agroquímicas no assentamento e suas consequências; a terceira a relação entre a práxis pedagógica desenvolvida pela escola do assentamento e o projeto agroecológico defendido pelo MST. Para buscar possíveis respostas, o estudo teve por base uma pesquisa de campo de base qualitativa vivenciada no cotidiano do Assentamento Córrego da Areia, localizado no Município de São Mateus, norte do Espírito Santo, com o objetivo de compreender os alcances e os limites da práxis educativa, cultural e sociopolítica no contexto da escola do campo e seus reflexos no trabalho dos assentados na agricultura camponesa, mais especificamente com o manuseio de agrotóxicos e seus reflexos na saúde da família e no ambiente... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This research has as aim to discuss of countryside education role at confrontations of conflicts about the usage of land at the rural settlements. It was considered from the young student’s point of view about agrochemical and agroecological techniques. The methodology chooses as starting and ending point of this reality was between two models of agriculture expressed at the discontent of the Young students of Peasant School, whose political pedagogical project is against to the capitalism model at the countryside, defending the agroecology. It is about a debate which starts at the of three crucial topics for the Agrarian Reform teachers. The first is about Countryside Education and Environment Health. The second is there lotion between the agrochemical techniques at the settlements and its consequences. The thirst is the relation between pedagogical practice developed by the settlement school and the agroecological Project defended by MST (Movimento Sem Terra, in portuguese, which means Landless Movement). In order to find possible answers, this study had as methodology a qualitative field surveys lived at routine of Córrego de Areia Settlement, located at countryside of São Mateus, north of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Its objective is to understand how long the educative, cultural and socio political praxis can be and what are its limits. It intends also to reflect about its impacts on the settlement work at peasant agriculture, more specifically at the application of agrotoxic... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Resumen: Esta investigación tiene como objetivo discutir el papel de la educación del campo para hacer frente a los conflictos del uso de la tierra en asentamientos rurales a partir de la visión de jóvenes estudiantes sobre las prácticas agroquímicas y agroecológicas. Para eso, el punto de partida y de llegada del análisis de esa realidad fue el conflicto entre esos dos modelos de agricultura visible en el descontento de los jóvenes estudiantes de la Escuela Campesina, cuyo proyecto político-pedagógico se opone al modelo del capitalismo en el campo y defiende la agroecología. Se trata de un debate que nace del enfrentamiento de tres cuestiones cruciales para los educadores de la Reforma Agraria: la primera dice respecto a la relación entre Educación del Campo y Salud Ambiental; la segunda, la relación entre la utilización de prácticas agroquímicas en el asentamiento y sus consecuencias; la tercera, la relación entre la praxis pedagógica desarrollada por la escuela del asentamiento y el proyecto agroecológico defendido por el Movimiento de los Trabajadores Rurales Sin Tierra - MST. Para buscar posibles respuestas, el estudio tuvo como base una investigación de campo, de base cualitativa, vivida en el día-a- día del Asentamiento Córrego da Areia‟, localizado en el municipio de São Mateus, norte del Estado de Espírito Santo, con el objetivo de comprender los alcances y límites de la praxis educativa, cultural y socio-política en el contexto de la escuela del campo y sus reflejos en el tr... (Resumen completo clicar acceso eletrônico abajo) / Mestre
55

Estrategias de territorialización campesina : encrucijadas entre el reconocimiento político y la autonomía territorial: constitución y funcionamiento de dos zonas de reserva campesina en Colombia /

Cristancho Garrido, Hellen Charlot January 2016 (has links)
Orientador: Bernardo Mançano Fernandes / Resumo: Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo compreender o processo de construção de territórios camponeses nas denominadas Zonas de Reserva Camponesa (ZRC) na Colômbia; e seu potencial para garantir a existência de território camponês nas zonas de colonização, como em zonas em que as comunidades organizadas estão solicitando a aplicação da figura jurídica para seus territórios. Nossa premissa é que as ZRC derivam do problema agrário não resolvido, surgem como resultado da mobilização camponesa pelo acesso à terra e como possibilidade de desencadear processos de desenvolvimento alternativos àqueles impostos pelo modelo de desenvolvimento dominante. A fundamentação teórica teve como centralidade o debate da questão agraria, a categoria de território e o conceito de território camponês. Para a análise empírica foram selecionadas a ZRC de El Pato-Balsillas, município de San Vicente del Caguán, departamento del Caquetá, e a ZRC de Inzá-Tierradentro, município de Inzá, departamento del Cauca. A estratégia metodológica pautou-se na produção de informação a partir de análise documental, a realização de visitas de campo e entrevistas semiestruturadas a uma mostra qualitativamente escolhida de pessoas envolvidas na conformação e funcionamento das ZRC. Ainda que o olhar buscou focar o campesinato como sujeito coletivo, tomou-se a opção de reconstruir e analisar as trajetórias de suas expressões organizadas, nas associações que lideram a luta para manter a ZRC. Como resultado concluímos que é certo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Resumen: La investigación tuvo como objetivo comprender el proceso de construcción de territorios campesinos en las denominadas zonas de reserva campesina (ZRC) en Colombia; así como su potencial para garantizar la existencia del territorio campesino, tanto en zonas de colonización, como en aquellas zonas en donde comunidades organizadas están solicitando la aplicación de esta figura jurídica para sus territorios. La premisa de partida es que las ZRC derivan del problema agrario no resuelto; surgen como resultado de la movilización campesina por el acceso a la tierra y como posibilidad de desencadenar procesos de desarrollo alternativos a los impuestos por el modelo de desarrollo dominante. La fundamentación teórica se elaboró en torno a la centralidad del debate sobre la cuestión agraria; la categoría de territorio y la conceptualización de territorio campesino. Para el análisis empírico se seleccionaron la ZRC de El Pato-Balsillas, municipio de San Vicente del Caguán, Caquetá, y la ZRC de Inzá-Tierradentro, municipio de Inzá, Cauca. La estrategia metodológica se soportó en la producción de información a partir del análisis documental, la realización de visitas a las ZRC y entrevistas semiestructuradas a una muestra cualitativamente escogida de sujetos involucrados en la conformación y funcionamiento de las ZRC. Si bien la mirada se enfocó en el campesinado como sujeto colectivo, se tomó la opción de reconstruir y analizar las trayectorias de sus expresiones organizadas en las asocia... (Resumen completo clicar acceso eletrônico abajo) / Abstract: This research aims to understand the process of the construction of peasant territories in the areas denominated Peasant Reserve Zones (ZRC) in Colombia and examine their potential to ensure the existence of peasant territory, both in settlement areas and areas where organized communities are requesting the application of this legal title for their territories. The starting premise is that ZRCs have emerged as a response to the unresolved agrarian question; they arise as a result of peasant mobilization for access to land and as a possibility of initiating development processes alternative to those imposed by the dominant development model. The theoretical foundation of this research has been developed with a focus on the centrality of the agrarian question debates; the geographic category of territory and the concept of peasant territory. For the empirical analysis of ZRCs, two case studies were chosen: the ZRC El Pato - Balsillas in the municipality of San Vicente del Caguán, Caquetá, and the ZRC Inzá - Tierradentro in the municipality of Inzá, department of Cauca. The methodological approach involved the production of information from documentary analysis, conducting visits to the ZRCs and semi-structured interviews of qualitatively chosen subjects involved in the establishment and operation of ZRCs. While the research focuses on the peasantry as a collective subject, it also analyzes and reconstructs the trajectories of peasants who are organized in associations and leadi... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor
56

"Never again a Mexico without us" : gender, indigenous autonomy, and multiculturalism in neoliberal Mexico

Forbis, Melissa Marie 12 October 2012 (has links)
The Zapatista National Liberation Army (EZLN) rose up in Mexico’s southeastern state of Chiapas on January 1, 1994. The Zapatistas’ process of consolidating territorial autonomy and stance of radical refusal are a challenge and threat to the Mexican state and neoliberal governance practices. At the center of that autonomy process are changes in gender equity and gendered relations of power that are crucial to the gains of the project. This multi-sited ethnography of that process takes place in a zone of contact where local practices and struggles for indigenous rights, autonomy, and women’s rights meet with solidarity and opposition. My dissertation follows two strategic lines of inquiry. First, women’s bodies have been central to both nation building and to alternative forms of nationalism and tradition. In Mexico, indigenous women have been the raw material of these projects. The EZLN included questions of gender and women’s equity from the beginning of the movement. This contrasts with other social movements of the past few decades in Latin America, and with the conventional wisdom that it is necessary to elide gender contestations and challenges to patriarchy in order to make gains as a movement. I argue that the overall struggle has not in fact been undermined, but strengthened. I examine the extent to which Zapatista women have forged new subjectivities (affirming both gender equality and collective cultural difference) in defiance of local patriarchal control, gendered state violence, and of discourses that characterize them as victims of their culture. Second, I argue that the analysis of these changes in gendered relations of power reveals how the Zapatista autonomy project is integrating difference without reverting to previous models of belonging premised on assimilation or the recognition of difference solely at the individual level. The EZLN rejected a solution based on ethnic citizenship in favor of indigenous autonomy and collective rights; their autonomous governance offers important insights into state power and its effects, and into strategies and alternatives to inclusion in the neoliberal project. / text
57

Mot de rovgiriga och mordiska bondehoparna : En komparativ studie mellan upprorsmännensklagomål och krav underDackefejden och det Tyska bondekriget / Against the Murderous, Thieving Hordes of Peasants : A comparative study between the grievances of the Dacke War, and the German Peasant´sWar

Steinvall, Alexander January 2013 (has links)
The aim of this study is to make a comparative study between the grievances during the Dacke Warand the German Peasant´s War. These two conflicts may have occurred separately, regarding bothgeographical and chronological distances but also share common issues for this comparative study.Less than two decades separates these two conflicts and they were all by their own serious insurrectionsduring their time. While the German Peasant´s War was the greatest uprising in Europe up tothe French Revolution, the Dacke War was the biggest Peasant Rebellion in Scandinavian history.While the German Peasant War has been studied and researched by historians for a relative longtime, the Dacke War has been neglected in research history. If it were not for the Swedish professorLars-Olof Larsson’s studies during foremost in the 1960s, the Dacke War would have been a historicallyuncharted territory of research indeed. This study aims to foremost supplement the unsatisfiedresearch on the Dacke War, but also supplement the research of The German Peasant war, with thiscomparative study. Although is exists a somewhat considerable amount of studies and theories regardinggeneral peasant uprisings and revolts from this period, researchers are still debating themain causes for these violent conflicts. The combination of different geographical and social differencesand insufficient sources makes studies about theses conflicts both problematic and complex.The result of this comparative study, show that both uprisings shared both common and differentkinds of grievances where generally the rebels of the German Peasant´s War had a larger propotionof demands than the rebels of the Dacke War. In Sweden the grievances was largely made up bycomplaints. While the German Peasant´s War was generally more radical and religious motivatedthan the Dacke War, it shared many similarities to each other, especially when it came to economicand economical complaints. While the German Peasants (although not all rebel-groups) made radicaldemands, such as the abolishment of serfdom, the rebels during the Dacke War were more intenton restoring their former rights and customs. Therefore the Swedish peasantry motivated theircomplaints by claiming they had juridical rights and legal claims to motivate rebellion. The Germanpeasants on the other hand, although also sharing the same motives but in somewhat lesser degree,had less legal rights and therefore motivated their demands in religious terms. The reason why thegrievances during the Dacke War mostly can be categorized as complaints instead of demands, maybe explained how influential and political equal the Swedish peasants were as a social group and estatein Swedish society compared to the many peasants living in serfdom in the Holy Roman Empire.This is also why German rebels more often legitimized their demands with religious motive,because they lacked the political power as social group and estate.
58

Neoliberal globalization, peasant movements, alternative development, and the state in Brazil and Mexico /

Vergara-Camus, Leandro. January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2007. Graduate Programme in Political Science. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 374-397). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:NR39058
59

La disputa territorial campesina : estudio en la region de San Agustin en Tarija - Bolivia /

Rivero, Carlos Alfredo Vacaflores. January 2011 (has links)
Orientador: Bernardo Mançano Fernandes / Banca: Clifford Andrew Welch / Banca: Luis Tapia Mealla / Resumo: A disputa camponesa pelo território é uma questão que se destaca com muita força no processo constituinte boliviano contemporâneo. Neste quadro, o sujeito social mobilizado constitui-se sobre a identidade indígena, "originaria" e camponesa, que disputa no imaginário do Estado-Nação o sentido da sua constituição como sujeito, ainda, a sua articulação institucional e territorial buscando a sua legitimidade na constituição do estado e, assim, questionando os princípios da modernidade capitalista eurocêntrica. Tem-se como referência que este Estado-Nação eurocêntrico dilui as identidades étnicas para constituir a identidade nacional do estado-nação moderno. O debate sobre a rearticulação das identidades indígenas coloca um desafio nas identidades camponesas, cuja origem colonial está na expropriação do direito do índio sobre a terra e o território, pra manter sua condição subalterna e, assim, explorar sua força de trabalho nas terras e nos territórios que anteriormente lhes perteneciam. A recuperação da terra e do território constitui-se no eixo central da luta camponesa e indígena na Bolívia, mas requer que o camponês construa um argumento da sua natureza societal expressa na dimensão territorial para articular-se plenamente em um novo esquema: o estado plurinacional / Resumen: La disputa campesina por el territorio es una cuestión que emerge con contundencia en el proceso constituyente boliviano contemporáneo, donde el sujeto social movilizado se constituye en torno a la identidad de pueblo y nación indígena, originaria y campesina, que le disputa al imaginario político hegemónico del estado-nación el sentido de la constitución del sujeto y su articulación institucional y territorial a la legitimidad del estado, cuestionando los principios de la modernidad capitalista eurocéntrica que postula la dilución de las identidades étnicas para constituir la identidad nacional del estado moderno. El debate sobre la rearticulación de las identidades indígenas plantea un desafío a las identidades campesinas, cuyo origen colonial es el despojo del indio a un derecho sobre la tierra y el territorio, de manera que manteniéndolo en la condición subalterna del conquistado, se le explota la mano de obra para explotar las tierras y territorios que antes de la conquista les pertenecían. La recuperación de la tierra y del territorio se constituye en un eje central de la lucha campesina e indígena en Bolivia, pero requiere del campesino construir un argumento de su naturaleza societal con dimensión territorial para articularse plenamente en el esquema del nuevo estado plurinacional / Abstract: The peasant strugle for territory is a matter that emerges clearly in the contemporary bolivian constituent process, where the mobilized social subject builds up around the indigenous and peasant people and nations, that disputes the hegemonic political imaginary of the nation-state in the sense of constitution of the social subject and his linkage to the territorial and institutional legitimacy of the state, questioning the principles of the capitalistic eurocentric modernity that places a disappearance of ethnic identity to build a national identity of the modern state-nation. The debate about reconstituting indigenous identities points out a challenge over the peasant identities, where its colonial origin in the dispossession of land and territory to exploit their working force in their own ancestral territories. Taking back the land and territories is nowadays a central issue in the peasant and indigenous struggle for emancipation in Bolivia, but requires from them to build an convincing argument of their society nature with territorial attributes for a plenty linkage to the new scheme of the plurinational state / Mestre
60

La disputa territorial campesina: estudio en la region de San Agustin en Tarija - Bolivia

Rivero, Carlos Alfredo Vacaflores [UNESP] 20 June 2011 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-06-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:37:18Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rivero_cav_me_prud.pdf: 1183768 bytes, checksum: 9ce053344816dfb8d60047c877d6c876 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A disputa camponesa pelo território é uma questão que se destaca com muita força no processo constituinte boliviano contemporâneo. Neste quadro, o sujeito social mobilizado constitui-se sobre a identidade indígena, “originaria” e camponesa, que disputa no imaginário do Estado-Nação o sentido da sua constituição como sujeito, ainda, a sua articulação institucional e territorial buscando a sua legitimidade na constituição do estado e, assim, questionando os princípios da modernidade capitalista eurocêntrica. Tem-se como referência que este Estado-Nação eurocêntrico dilui as identidades étnicas para constituir a identidade nacional do estado-nação moderno. O debate sobre a rearticulação das identidades indígenas coloca um desafio nas identidades camponesas, cuja origem colonial está na expropriação do direito do índio sobre a terra e o território, pra manter sua condição subalterna e, assim, explorar sua força de trabalho nas terras e nos territórios que anteriormente lhes perteneciam. A recuperação da terra e do território constitui-se no eixo central da luta camponesa e indígena na Bolívia, mas requer que o camponês construa um argumento da sua natureza societal expressa na dimensão territorial para articular-se plenamente em um novo esquema: o estado plurinacional / The peasant strugle for territory is a matter that emerges clearly in the contemporary bolivian constituent process, where the mobilized social subject builds up around the indigenous and peasant people and nations, that disputes the hegemonic political imaginary of the nation-state in the sense of constitution of the social subject and his linkage to the territorial and institutional legitimacy of the state, questioning the principles of the capitalistic eurocentric modernity that places a disappearance of ethnic identity to build a national identity of the modern state-nation. The debate about reconstituting indigenous identities points out a challenge over the peasant identities, where its colonial origin in the dispossession of land and territory to exploit their working force in their own ancestral territories. Taking back the land and territories is nowadays a central issue in the peasant and indigenous struggle for emancipation in Bolivia, but requires from them to build an convincing argument of their society nature with territorial attributes for a plenty linkage to the new scheme of the plurinational state / La disputa campesina por el territorio es una cuestión que emerge con contundencia en el proceso constituyente boliviano contemporáneo, donde el sujeto social movilizado se constituye en torno a la identidad de pueblo y nación indígena, originaria y campesina, que le disputa al imaginario político hegemónico del estado-nación el sentido de la constitución del sujeto y su articulación institucional y territorial a la legitimidad del estado, cuestionando los principios de la modernidad capitalista eurocéntrica que postula la dilución de las identidades étnicas para constituir la identidad nacional del estado moderno. El debate sobre la rearticulación de las identidades indígenas plantea un desafío a las identidades campesinas, cuyo origen colonial es el despojo del indio a un derecho sobre la tierra y el territorio, de manera que manteniéndolo en la condición subalterna del conquistado, se le explota la mano de obra para explotar las tierras y territorios que antes de la conquista les pertenecían. La recuperación de la tierra y del territorio se constituye en un eje central de la lucha campesina e indígena en Bolivia, pero requiere del campesino construir un argumento de su naturaleza societal con dimensión territorial para articularse plenamente en el esquema del nuevo estado plurinacional

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