No description available.

<p>Background: At the turn of the year 2004/2005, IAS 19 replaced Tryggandelagen (TrL) and RR 29 as the accounting standard in Swedish concerns. This introduction was associated with a certain apprehension for the possible changes in the companies’ pension liabilities and equity.</p><p>Purpose: To illustrate the difficulties of the introduction of IAS 19 by observing how it differs from TrL, and what kind of problems these differences can cause.</p><p>Procedure: Individuals who are well up in, and work with pension liabilities have been interviewed. After this follows an example of the calculated pension liability of a company, to illustrate the differences between the calculations according to TrL and IAS 19. To conclude the chapter, a comparison between a number of companies from the Stockholm stock exchange is made to establish their various actuarial assumptions.</p><p>Method: The essay mainly follows the qualitative research method, since this method is more appropriate when the substance in the matter is based on detailed differences and opinions.</p><p>Results and conclusions: The introduction of IAS 19 has taken time and been an expensive matter, although the expenses weren’t as great as feared. The introduction gave positive effects, such as an increased control of the pension liabilities. Because of this, there is a positive attitude towards IAS among the accounting profession. However, problems connected with the introduction have occurred, such as complicated procedures and “teething troubles”, but the advantages and disadvantages make up for the other.</p><p>The companies’ right of self-determination when it comes to actuarial assumptions seems to cause problems with for example the transparency. Therefore it is recommended that the companies should have to justify their choice of assumptions. It is also recommended that there should be more specified criteria of which assumptions that should be included in the annual report.</p> / <p>Bakgrund: Vid årsskiftet 2004/2005 ersatte IAS 19 Tryggandelagen (TrL) och RR 29 som redovisningsstandard i svenska koncerner. Det här införandet förknippades med en viss oro över förändringar i företagens pensionsskulder och eget kapital.</p><p>Syfte: Att belysa svårigheterna vid införandet av IAS 19 genom att se hur IAS 19 skiljer sig från Tryggandelagen och vilka problem som de här skillnaderna kan medföra.</p><p>Tillvägagångssätt: Personer som arbetar med och är väl insatta i ämnet redovisning av pensionsskulder intervjuas. Företagsexempel visas för att belysa skillnader vid uträkning av pensionsskulder enligt TrL och IAS 19. Avslutningsvis görs en jämförelse mellan ett antal företag på Stockholmsbörsen för att visa deras olika aktuariella antaganden.</p><p>Metod: Huvudsakligen följer uppsatsen den kvalitativa forskningsmetoden eftersom den metoden lämpar sig bäst för att få substans i materialet som baseras på detaljerade skillnader och åsikter.</p><p>Resultat och slutsatser: Införandet av IAS 19 har tagit tid och varit kostsamt, men kostnaden blev inte lika stor som befarat. Införandet gav positiva fördelar, såsom ökad kontroll av kostnaden för pensionsförpliktelser. Därför råder en positiv inställning till IAS bland redovisningsprofessionen. Problem i form av både komplicerat förfarande och barnsjukdomar finns sammankopplat med införandet, men fördelarna uppväger nackdelarna.</p><p>Företagens självbestämmanderätt gällandes de aktuariella antagandena förefaller kunna orsaka problem med bland annat transparensen. Därför rekommenderas motivering av antagandena och mer specifika regler för vilka antaganden som ska anges i årsredovisningarna.</p>

Background: At the turn of the year 2004/2005, IAS 19 replaced Tryggandelagen (TrL) and RR 29 as the accounting standard in Swedish concerns. This introduction was associated with a certain apprehension for the possible changes in the companies’ pension liabilities and equity. Purpose: To illustrate the difficulties of the introduction of IAS 19 by observing how it differs from TrL, and what kind of problems these differences can cause. Procedure: Individuals who are well up in, and work with pension liabilities have been interviewed. After this follows an example of the calculated pension liability of a company, to illustrate the differences between the calculations according to TrL and IAS 19. To conclude the chapter, a comparison between a number of companies from the Stockholm stock exchange is made to establish their various actuarial assumptions. Method: The essay mainly follows the qualitative research method, since this method is more appropriate when the substance in the matter is based on detailed differences and opinions. Results and conclusions: The introduction of IAS 19 has taken time and been an expensive matter, although the expenses weren’t as great as feared. The introduction gave positive effects, such as an increased control of the pension liabilities. Because of this, there is a positive attitude towards IAS among the accounting profession. However, problems connected with the introduction have occurred, such as complicated procedures and “teething troubles”, but the advantages and disadvantages make up for the other. The companies’ right of self-determination when it comes to actuarial assumptions seems to cause problems with for example the transparency. Therefore it is recommended that the companies should have to justify their choice of assumptions. It is also recommended that there should be more specified criteria of which assumptions that should be included in the annual report. / Bakgrund: Vid årsskiftet 2004/2005 ersatte IAS 19 Tryggandelagen (TrL) och RR 29 som redovisningsstandard i svenska koncerner. Det här införandet förknippades med en viss oro över förändringar i företagens pensionsskulder och eget kapital. Syfte: Att belysa svårigheterna vid införandet av IAS 19 genom att se hur IAS 19 skiljer sig från Tryggandelagen och vilka problem som de här skillnaderna kan medföra. Tillvägagångssätt: Personer som arbetar med och är väl insatta i ämnet redovisning av pensionsskulder intervjuas. Företagsexempel visas för att belysa skillnader vid uträkning av pensionsskulder enligt TrL och IAS 19. Avslutningsvis görs en jämförelse mellan ett antal företag på Stockholmsbörsen för att visa deras olika aktuariella antaganden. Metod: Huvudsakligen följer uppsatsen den kvalitativa forskningsmetoden eftersom den metoden lämpar sig bäst för att få substans i materialet som baseras på detaljerade skillnader och åsikter. Resultat och slutsatser: Införandet av IAS 19 har tagit tid och varit kostsamt, men kostnaden blev inte lika stor som befarat. Införandet gav positiva fördelar, såsom ökad kontroll av kostnaden för pensionsförpliktelser. Därför råder en positiv inställning till IAS bland redovisningsprofessionen. Problem i form av både komplicerat förfarande och barnsjukdomar finns sammankopplat med införandet, men fördelarna uppväger nackdelarna. Företagens självbestämmanderätt gällandes de aktuariella antagandena förefaller kunna orsaka problem med bland annat transparensen. Därför rekommenderas motivering av antagandena och mer specifika regler för vilka antaganden som ska anges i årsredovisningarna.

Background to problem: Pensions play a big role in people's lives when life expectancy continues to increase. Companies can choose different ways of reporting their pension plans, and within the defined benefit pension plan poses the actuarial gains and losses that can be reported based on three different methods. Only one method will exist from 2013, how will the companies that use the other two handle the new situation? Purpose: Investigate why different companies have chosen to report its actuarial gains and losses along the corridor approach, directly against income or directly in equity. How will the companies that use the corridor method manage the situation when it will only be allowed to report in other comprehensive income as of 2013 and how will this affect them. Methodology: Data was collected through qualitative questionnaires sent to companies listed on Nasdaq OMX Nordic Stockholm, Large Cap and Mid Cap, and a qualitative interview. We felt that the best way to getting the desired information was to use qualitative questionnaires and an interview. Conclusions: The corridor method is chosen mainly because the actuarial gains and losses do not affect the company as much as when using the other two methods. To report directly to equity is preferred as the result of the company is not affected. The change from the corridor method to recognize in other comprehensive income as of 2013 will mean that the pension liability and equity is adversely affected. Suggestions for further research: Study how companies were affected by the implementation of the revised IAS 19. What was the impact on businesses in the method transition? / Bakgrund och problem: Pensionen spelar en stor roll i människors liv då livslängden fortsätter att öka. Företag kan välja olika sätt att redovisa sina pensionsplaner, och inom den förmånsbestämda pensionsplanen uppkommer det aktuariella vinster och förluster som kan redovisas med tre olika metoder. Från 2013 kommer endast en metod att finnas kvar, hur kommer då företagen som använder sig utav de andra metoderna att hantera situationen? Syfte: Undersöka varför olika företag har valt att redovisa sina aktuariella vinster och förluster utefter korridormetoden, direkt mot resultatet eller direkt mot eget kapital. Hur kommer de företag som använder korridormetoden hantera situationen när det endast kommer vara tillåtet att redovisa i övrigt totalresultat från 2013 och hur kommer det här påverka dem. Metod: Data samlades in genom en kvalitativ intervju samt enkäter som skickades till börsnoterade företag. Att använda oss av enkäter samt en intervju ansåg vi var det bästa sättet för att få fram önskad information. Slutsats: Korridormetoden väljs främst för att de aktuariella vinsterna och förlusterna inte påverkar företaget i samma utsträckning som vid användning av de andra två metoderna. Att redovisa direkt mot eget kapital föredras eftersom resultatet i företaget inte påverkas. Bytet från korridormetoden till att redovisa i övrigt totalresultat från 2013 kommer innebära att pensionsskulden ökar och eget kapital påverkas negativt. Förslag på vidare forskning: Studera hur företagen påverkats av implementeringen av den omarbetade IAS 19. Vad blev det för konsekvenser för företagen vid metodbytet?

This dissertation thesis deals with an economic evaluation of population ageing in the Czech Republic. The emphasis is put on statistical and economic factors. The issue of population ageing is very wide and it affects many areas of human life. Therefore, it should be perceived in its range. The substance lies in continuity among economic area, health, education, housing, retirement policy and migration policy. Both macroeconomic and social effects of changes in the demographic structure of population should be regularly evaluated. Impacts of demographic ageing are both qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative relate to personal life, good health in old age, ensuring an adequate living standard and security of older persons. Similarly, quantitative impacts cover sustainability of funding of the pension system and social and health care systems. The thesis focuses on important factors that are often neglected and that can represent the threat to the proper function of society. On the contrary, there can be found factors acting positively e.g. the issue of labour immigration or integration of older people into the labour market. This dissertation thesis also provides complex statistical and economic view on the issue of population ageing including all key factors and effects on pensions, health, social and demographic area. The aim of the thesis lies is in the synthesis of important factors connected with population ageing and provides statistical assessment of the issue. The thesis provides procedures and methods that are innovative in the Czech Republic.

Abstract Authors:Stefan Harrå and Magnus Björk Advisor: Markku Penttinen Title: Accounting Consequences of the change in pension accounting Background to problem: When the revised IAS 19 comes into force January 1, 2013, it means that two of the three accounting principles for defined benefit pension plans are disappearing, including the corridor method. The corridor method has made it possible for companies to defer its actuarial gains and losses. Now that the corridor approach abolished then the unrecognized actuarial gains and losses immediately be covered by equity, which involves very large amounts of some companies. Why the amounts have grown so big is much because of the discount rate. The discount rate is a controversial parameter, and there is disagreement on how it should be fixed. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to examine the accounting implications this will have for the company applied the corridor method, and if there is some parameters in the actuarial assumption that is more important than others. Methodology: The thesis has mainly been based on a qualitative research through qualitative interviews with a small sample that is affected by this change. There are quantitative elements to a greater depth by examining the annual reports, discount and deferred pension liabilities of the various companies. The approach is exploratory as it is a qualitative study and there was little knowledge of the subject before the work of it started. Therefore, a study of literature, regulations and previous research before the empirical study. This made it possible to gain a broader understanding of the subject and to shape relevant and essential interview questions. Conclusions: The conclusion shows that the largest accounting consequences for the companies in the study in conjunction with the change is that the unrecognized actuarial gains and losses will now be covered by equity and that the expected return on plan assets is based on the discount rate. The study also shows that it is the discount rate which is considered the most important parameter that the companies are looking at in the actuarial assumption. The conclusion also provides a shared sense of the true and fair picture of the companies after the revised IAS 19. Suggestions for further research: That after 2013 to study how the actual result of this rule change did this compare to the expected. Look at the problem of determining the discount rate. How will the IASB look at it if more and more begin to deviate from the standard? Keywords: "IAS 19", "IAS 19 revised", "corridor method", "pension accounting", "pension liabilities", "defined contribution plans", "actuarial assumptions", "actuarial gains and losses" and "discount rate".

Submitted by HELIOMAR SANTOS (heliomar.santos@uol.com.br) on 2014-06-24T20:05:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AS REFORMAS DA PREVIDÊNCIA E O EQUILÍBRIO FIANCEIRO E ATUARIAL DOS RPPS DA REGIÃO SUDESTE FGV -Texto final (2).pdf: 2333058 bytes, checksum: 4c94275793286987534ba79c7adba6e6 (MD5) / Rejected by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br), reason: Prezado Heliomar, Me desculpe, mas sua submissão está sendo rejeitada porque o ano está errado. Favor acertar para 2014-04-29 e submeter novamente. Áurea SRA on 2014-07-02T13:31:18Z (GMT) / Submitted by HELIOMAR SANTOS (heliomar.santos@uol.com.br) on 2014-07-02T16:13:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AS REFORMAS DA PREVIDÊNCIA E O EQUILÍBRIO FIANCEIRO E ATUARIAL DOS RPPS DA REGIÃO SUDESTE FGV -Texto final (2).pdf: 2333058 bytes, checksum: 4c94275793286987534ba79c7adba6e6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2014-07-07T13:32:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AS REFORMAS DA PREVIDÊNCIA E O EQUILÍBRIO FIANCEIRO E ATUARIAL DOS RPPS DA REGIÃO SUDESTE FGV -Texto final (2).pdf: 2333058 bytes, checksum: 4c94275793286987534ba79c7adba6e6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2014-07-14T14:30:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AS REFORMAS DA PREVIDÊNCIA E O EQUILÍBRIO FIANCEIRO E ATUARIAL DOS RPPS DA REGIÃO SUDESTE FGV -Texto final (2).pdf: 2333058 bytes, checksum: 4c94275793286987534ba79c7adba6e6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-14T14:31:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AS REFORMAS DA PREVIDÊNCIA E O EQUILÍBRIO FIANCEIRO E ATUARIAL DOS RPPS DA REGIÃO SUDESTE FGV -Texto final (2).pdf: 2333058 bytes, checksum: 4c94275793286987534ba79c7adba6e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-29 / The fiscal imbalance especially with respect to the welfare of civil servants in Brazil has led to constant search for solutions to ensure the funding of the model development. The changes implemented in the Reform of Social Security, have contributed significantly to reducing the accumulated pension liability over the years, mainly in the states, state capitals and other established before the promulgation of the 1988 Constitution.The states chosen for analysis showed mistakes, however there are promising results for the financial and actuarial balance of RPPS. Using models similar to those implemented in South America for public and private sector are presented in Brazil unsuitable for public servants. We need to continue to improve our knowledge seeking new alternatives that ensure the sustainability and viability of the system, without compromising the ability of investment of federal entities. / O desequilíbrio das contas públicas, notadamente em relação à previdência do servidor público no Brasil, tem levado a buscas constantes de soluções para garantir o custeio do modelo em desenvolvimento. As mudanças estabelecidas nas Reformas da Previdência têm contribuído de forma significativa para diminuir o passivo previdenciário acumulado ao longo dos anos, principalmente nos estados, municípios das capitais e dos demais constituídos antes da promulgação da Carta Magna de 1988. Os estados escolhidos para análise demonstraram desacertos, todavia apresentam resultados promissores para o equilíbrio financeiro e atuarial dos RPPS. A utilização de modelos parecidos aos implementados na América do Sul, para o setor público e privado, apresentam-se inadequados no Brasil para os servidores públicos. Precisamos continuar aprimorando os nossos conhecimentos, buscando novas alternativas que garantam a sustentabilidade e viabilidade do sistema, sem comprometer a capacidade de investimentos dos entes federados