The diploma thesis focuses on the evaluation of the performance of a business company using Balanced Scorecard. The theoretical part of the thesis defines important theoretical knowledge taken from scholarly literature, which forms the necessary basis for the following parts. The analytical part is used to introduce the business company and perform strategic analysis. The obtained values and knowledge are then applied in the design part of the work. The design part focuses on the implementation of the Balanced Scorecard model in a business company and the design of other recommendations that enable performance increase and competitive market position improvement.

This Master’s thesis deals with the process of employee evaluation in the company GEOtest, a.s. In the first part of the thesis are defined all the necessary theoretical findings needed to formulate proposals for the society. Practical part includes particular information about the company GEOtest, a.s. and the analysis of the current state of evaluation. Furthermore, the new concept of the system of evaluation in accordance with the corporate needs is presented, including the link up of the system and recommendation for its implementation.

Reporting functions reflect a novel technique to formulate sequence-oriented queries in SQL. They extend the classical way of grouping and applying aggregation functions by additionally providing a column-based ordering, partitioning, and windowing mechanism. The application area of reporting functions ranges from simple ranking queries (TOP(n)-analyses) over cumulative (Year-To-Date-analyses) to sliding window queries. We discuss the problem of deriving reporting function queries from materialized reporting function views, which is one of the most important issues in efficiently processing queries in a data warehouse environment. Two different derivation algorithms, including their relational mappings are introduced and compared in a test scenario.

Dans ce travail, nous nous intéressons à la modélisation des ressources Cloud, indépendamment des couches existantes, afin d’apporter un cadre (framework) de représentation unique et ouvert à l'arrivée anticipée du XaaS (Anything as a Service). Nous fournissons, à l'aide de ce framework, un outil de placement des ressources pour une plate-forme donnée. Les travaux de thèse se portent aussi sur la prise en compte des intérêts des utilisateurs ou consommateurs et des fournisseurs. Les solutions existantes ne se focalisent que sur l’intérêt des fournisseurs et ce au détriment des consommateurs contraints par le modèle d’affaire des fournisseurs. La thèse propose des algorithmes évolutionnaires en mesure de répondre à cet objectif / This thesis focuses on optimal and suboptimal allocation of cloud resources from infrastructure providers taking into account both the users or consumers and the providers interests in the mathematical modeling of this joint optimization problem. Compared to the state of the art that has so far remained provider centric, our algorithms optimize the dynamic allocation of cloud resources while taking into account the users and the providers objectives and requirements and consequently frees the users (or consumers) from provider lock in (providers’ business interests). Evolutionary algorithms are proposed to address this challenge and compared to the state of the art

Avec l’arrivée massive des technologies sans fil, le nombre de terminaux mobiles n’a cessé de croître, pour des usages et des ressources de communication diversifiés. En intégrant les objets du quotidien, nos réseaux de communications sont devenus dynamiques aussi bien en termes de ressources que de topologie physique, offrant accès à des informations de plus en plus riches. La tâche de gestion s’est ainsi complexifiée et requiert des temps de réponse de plus en plus courts difficilement réalisables par un administrateur humain. Il devient indispensable de mettre en œuvre des capacités de gestion autonomes pour les nouveaux réseaux. Dans tous les cas, la gestion d’un système implique une étape essentielle : sa mesure et sa supervision. Peu importe sa nature, c’est cette étape de prise d’information qui permet sa caractérisation, son analyse et son contrôle. Le domaine des réseaux n’échappe pas à cette règle et les objets qui le composent auront besoin d’acquérir des informations sur leur environnement pour mieux s’y adapter. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons au partage efficace de ces informations de mesures à des fins d’auto-analyse et d’évaluation distribuée de la performance. Après avoir formalisé le problème de la mesure distribuée, nous nous consacrons dans un premier temps à l’organisation des échanges de mesures dans les graphes dynamiques. Nous proposons une nouvelle heuristique pour le consensus de la moyenne qui converge plus rapidement que celles de l’état de l’art. Dans un second temps, nous considérons des topologies plus stables pouvant utiliser des flux TCP comme moyen d’échange. Nous proposons un mécanisme d’ordonnancement de ces flux qui conserve le même comportement face à la congestion, tout en réduisant leur latence moyenne. Enfin, nous nous intéressons à l’information de mesure échangée. Nous montrons comment les nœuds peuvent superviser diverses métriques telles que la performance d’un système en se basant sur l’utilité de ses agents, et proposons une méthode pour qu’ils puissent analyser l’évolution de cette performance / With the massive rise of wireless technologies, the number of mobile stations is constantly growing. Both their uses and their communication resources are diversified. By integrating our daily life objects, our communication networks become dynamic in terms of physical topology but also in term of resources. Furthermore, they give access to a richer information. As a result, the management task has become complex and requires shorter response time that a human administrator can not respect. It becomes necessary to develop an autonomic management behavior in next generation networks. In any manner, managing a system requires essential steps which are : its measurement and its supervision. Whatever the nature of a system, this stage of information gathering, allows its characterization and its control. The field of networks is not the exception to the rule and objects that compose them will need to acquire information on their environment for a better adaptation. In this thesis, we focus on the efficient sharing of this information, for self-analysis and distributed performance evaluation purposes. After having formalized the problem of the distributed measurement, we address in a first part the fusion and the diffusion of measures in dynamic graphs. We develop a new heuristic for the average consensus problem offering a better contraction rate than the ones of the state of the art. In a second part, we consider more stable topologies where TCP is used to convey measures. We offer a scheduling mechanism for TCP flows that guaranty the same impact on the network congestion, while reducing the average latency. Finally, we show how nodes can supervise various metrics such as the system performance based on their utilities and suggest a method to allow them to analyze the evolution of this performance

For organisations to stay competitive, continuous improvements and development are needed.Organisations handling complex services, structured in projects, find difficulties in understanding the project performance. Understanding the project performance is important in order to achieve the ability to implement improvements and development activities in projects. Furthermore, project performance needs to be understandable for the whole organisation in order to be able to prioritize. There are several applicable methods available for handling the evaluation of performance. One method is Earned Value Management, EVM, which incorporates project scope, schedule and cost parameters in order to create project control.The purpose of this study is to investigate how EVM could be implemented for evaluating performance in projects handling repair and maintenance based on the EVM standard ANSI/EIA-748. The purpose is also to identify needed adaptations in the projects to make it possible to implement EVM. The EVM standard contains important steps and activities needed in order to be able to aggregate values and evaluate performance.The result of this study presents adaptations needed for EVM implementation based on the EVM standard ANSI/EIA-748. The study concludes that some structural and managerial changes need to be done before EVM can be implemented. The organisation needs to formulate common guidelines for structuring work and organisations, as well as formulate and define common reporting structures for documentation and reporting. In addition, the way of handling planning, and budgeting need to be reviewed and customised. The organisation also needs to continuously work with the knowledge and understanding about the importance of the business and the evaluation, to create a successful EVM implementation and a sustainable business. / För att organisationer ska kunna vara konkurrenskraftiga krävs kontinuerlig förbättring och utveckling. Organisationer som är organiserade i projekt och som hanterar komplexa tjänster, finner svårigheter i att förstå projektets prestation. Detta är viktigt för att kunna genomföra förbättringar och utvecklingsaktiviteter. Dessutom måste projektets prestation kunna förstås av hela organisationen för att skapa möjligheter att prioritera. Det finns flera tillgängliga metoder som kan användas för att hantera detta. En metod är Earned Value Management (EVM), som innehåller projektomfång, tidsplan och kostnadsparametrar för att skapa projektstyrning.Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur EVM kan implementeras för att utvärdera prestanda i projekt som hanterar service och underhåll, baserat på EVM-standarden ANSI/ EIA-748. Syftet är också att identifiera nödvändiga anpassningar i projekten, för att göra det möjligt att implementera EVM. EVM-standarden innehåller viktiga steg och aktiviteter som krävs för att kunna aggregera värden och utvärdera prestanda.Resultatet av denna studie presenterar anpassningar som behövs för implementering av EVM, baserat på EVM-standarden ANSI / EIA-748. Studien drar slutsatsen att vissa strukturella och ledande förändringar måste göras innan EVM kan implementeras. Organisationen måste formulera gemensamma riktlinjer för strukturering av arbete och organisationer, samt formulera och definiera gemensamma strukturer för dokumentation och rapportering. Dessutom måste sättet att hantera planering och budgetering granskas och anpassas. Organisationen måste också kontinuerligt arbeta med kunskap och förståelse om verksamhetens betydelse och utvärdering, för att skapa en framgångsrik EVM-implementering och en hållbar verksamhet.

<p>    </p> <p>Irregular control-flow structures like deeply nested conditional branches are common in real-world software applications. Improving the performance and efficiency of such programs is often challenging because it is difficult to analyze and optimize programs with irregular control flow. We observe that real-world programs contain similar or identical computations within different code paths of the conditional branches. Compilers can merge similar code to improve performance or code size. However, existing compiler optimizations like code hoisting/sinking, and tail merging do not fully exploit this opportunity. We propose a new technique called Control-Flow Melding (CFM) that can merge similar code sequences at the control-flow region level. We evaluate CFM in two applications. First, we show that CFM reduces the control divergence in GPU programs and improves the performance. Second, we apply CFM to CPU programs and show its effectiveness in reducing code size without sacrificing performance. In the next part of this dissertation, we investigate how CFM can be extended to improve dynamic test generation techniques like Dynamic Symbolic Execution (DSE). DSE suffers from path explosion problem when many conditional branches are present in the program. We propose a non-semantics-preserving branch elimination transformation called CFM-SE that reduces the number of symbolic branches in a program. We also provide a framework for detecting and reasoning about false positive bugs that might be added to the program by non-semantics-preserving transformations like CFM-SE. Furthermore, we evaluate CFM-SE on real-world applications and show its effectiveness in improving DSE performance and code coverage. </p>

Despite the increased interest among local governments in collecting data on performance measurement, empirical evidence is still limited regarding the extent to which these data are utilized to assess the impact on efficiency of economies of scale and uncontrollable factors. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a linear programming method designed to estimate the relative efficiency of decision-making units. In addition to assessing relative efficiency, DEA can estimate scale efficiency and incorporate the impact of uncontrollable factors. Using data from the International City/County Association (ICMA), this study utilized DEA to evaluate the impact of economies of scale and uncontrollable factors on the relative efficiency of municipal service delivery in the United States. The findings from this doctoral dissertation show that uncontrollable variables such as population density, unemployment, and household income suppress the relative efficiency of local governments. Moreover, the findings imply that the prevalence of economies of scale in city governments depends on the types of services these governments provide.

В работе представлена концепция проекта создания негосударственного образовательного учреждения. Для реализации проекта разработан план мероприятий по открытию частной школы в г.Екатеринбург. Идентифицированы риски данного проекта, разработаны мероприятия по их снижению и проведена оценка эффективности проекта для ключевых участников. / The paper presents the concept of the project of creating a non-state educational institution. To implement the project, an action plan was developed for opening a private school in Yekaterinburg. The risks of this project were identified, measures were developed to reduce them, and the project's effectiveness was assessed for key participants.

Image classification using data from neuromorphic vision sensors is a challenging task that affects the use of dynamic vision sensor cameras in real- world environments. One impeding factor is noise in the neuromorphic event stream, which is often generated by the dynamic vision sensors themselves. This means that effective noise filtration is key to successful use of event- based data streams in real-world applications. In this paper we harness two feature representations of neuromorphic vision data in order to apply conventional frame-based image tools on the neuromorphic event stream. We use a standard noise filter to evaluate the effectiveness of noise filtration using a popular dataset converted to neuromorphic vision data. The two feature representations are the best-of-class standard Histograms of Averaged Time Surfaces (HATS) and a simpler grid matrix representation. To evaluate the effectiveness of the noise filter, we compare classification accuracies using various noise filter windows at different noise levels by adding additional artificially generated Gaussian noise to the dataset. Our performance metrics are reported as classification accuracy. Our results show that the classification accuracy using frames generated with HATS is not significantly improved by a noise filter. However, the classification accuracy of the frames generated with the more traditional grid representation is improved. These results can be refined and tuned for other datasets and may eventually contribute to on- the- fly noise reduction in neuromorphic vision sensors. / Händelsekameror är en ny typ av kamera som registrerar små ljusförändringar i kamerans synfält. Sensorn som kameran bygger på är modellerad efter näthinnan som finns i våra ögon. Näthinnan är uppbyggd av tunna lager av celler som omvandlar ljus till nervsignaler. Eftersom synsensorer efterliknar nervsystemet har de getts namnet neuromorfiska synsensorer. För att registrera små ljusförändringar måste dessa sensorer vara väldigt känsliga vilket även genererar ett elektroniskt brus. Detta brus försämrar kvalitén på signalen vilket blir en förhindrande faktor när dessa synsensorer ska användas i praktiken och ställer stora krav på att hitta effektiva metoder för brusredusering. Denna avhandling undersöker två typer av digitala framställningar som omvandlar signalen ifrån händelsekameror till något som efterliknar vanliga bilder som kan användas med traditionella metoder för bildigenkänning. Vi undersöker brusreduseringens inverkan på den övergripande noggrannhet som uppnås av en artificiell intelligens vid bildigenkänning. För att utmana AIn har vi tillfört ytterligare normalfördelat brus i signalen. De digitala framställningar som används är dels histogram av genomsnittliga tidsytor (eng. histograms of averaged time surfaces) och en matrisrepresentation. Vi visar att HATS är robust och klarar av att generera digitala framställningar som tillåter AIn att bibehålla god noggrannhet även vid höga nivåer av brus, vilket medför att brusreduseringens inverkan var försumbar. Matrisrepresentationen gynnas av brusredusering vid högre nivåer av brus.