Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:00:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3940.pdf: 14099586 bytes, checksum: 40f029f8c7a6e57cab29bee652d4a996 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-31 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / When we analyze the basic needs of human beings, the quantity and quality of available water determines the life quality of a family or community. This research brings to light the importance of access to water to ensure the basic needs of rural communities based on social inclusion and self-sufficiency. A unique case study, based on Martin (2008), was proposed to study water management in the Rural Settlement Horto Vergel in Mogi Mirim-SP. The proposal aims to bring up the strategies and analyze the conditions and obstacles to implement more sustainable techniques in water management in rural settlements. A diagnosis of the settlement was developed based on a survey of existing documents, interviews with settlers, leaders, agents and Technical Assistance and Rural Extension (Ater) institutions working on site, as well as practical activities for implementation and evaluation of participatory methodologies developed during the research. It was found that sustainability in management and conservation of water in the settlement is directly linked to its historical development (camping, entering the lot, opening the water hole wells, installation of the power grid, semi artesian wells, opening of wells, installation of network distribution system, and creation of the rural district), forms of public investment and organizational models used. The institutions of Ater should systematize the adapted technologies for family agriculture already charted and/or tested related to water management and conservation, and develop instruments that will ensure the continuity and transfer of information between entities and teams. The existence of structural and organizational problems within the settlement, in addition to insufficient financial resources, lack of alternative methods and technologies, and research on water management and conservation by the Ater specialists, have interfered and still complicate the development process of the settlement. / Quando analisamos as necessidades básicas dos seres humanos, a quantidade e a qualidade da água disponível se apresentam como fatores determinantes da qualidade de vida de uma família ou comunidade. A presente pesquisa traz à tona a importância do acesso à água para garantir o atendimento das necessidades básicas de comunidades rurais, com base na inclusão social e a autossuficiência. Foi selecionada uma proposta de Estudo de Caso único, baseado em Martins (2008), no Assentamento Rural Horto Vergel em Mogi Mirim-SP, onde foi delimitado o tema manejo da água. A proposta visa levantar as estratégias e analisar as condições e obstáculos para implantação de técnicas mais sustentáveis no manejo da água em assentamentos rurais. Foi realizado um diagnóstico do assentamento a partir de levantamento de documentos já existentes, realização de entrevistas com assentados, lideranças, agentes de Ater e órgãos reguladores atuantes no local, além de atividades práticas para aplicação e avaliação das metodologias participativas desenvolvidas durante a pesquisa. A existência de problemas estruturais e organizacionais dentro do assentamento, somados aos recursos financeiros insuficientes, a ausência de métodos e tecnologias alternativas, e a falta de pesquisas na área de manejo e conservação da água nos órgãos de Ater dificultaram e ainda dificultam o processo de desenvolvimento do assentamento. É necessária a sistematização pelos órgãos de Ater das tecnologias adaptadas à agricultura familiar relacionas com o manejo e conservação da água já mapeadas e/ou testadas, além da implantação de instrumentais que garantam a permanência e o repasse das informações entre as instituições e seus técnicos. Verificou-se que a sustentabilidade no manejo e conservação da água no assentamento está diretamente ligada ao seu histórico de desenvolvimento (acampamento, entrada no lote, abertura dos poços cacimba, instalação da rede de energia elétrica, abertura dos poços semiartesianos, instalação da rede de distribuição, e criação do bairro rural), às formas de investimento do dinheiro público e aos modelos de organização utilizados.

Submitted by Eliane Katayama Pricoli Amaro (elianekatayama@gmail.com) on 2018-02-06T21:49:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Mestrado_Amaro_EKP.pdf: 9105084 bytes, checksum: 660a9876a6ea9b24ad63ca1dac641217 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Marlene Zaniboni null (zaniboni@bauru.unesp.br) on 2018-02-07T12:40:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 amaro_ekp_me_bauru.pdf: 9105084 bytes, checksum: 660a9876a6ea9b24ad63ca1dac641217 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-07T12:40:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 amaro_ekp_me_bauru.pdf: 9105084 bytes, checksum: 660a9876a6ea9b24ad63ca1dac641217 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-14 / Tendo em vista os grandes desafios que as cidades enfrentam atualmente relacionados à sua sustentabilidade, este trabalho estuda três casos de vivências de bioconstrução realizadas em Bauru e Campinas, de forma participativa, em três escalas urbanas, três tipos de organização social e diferentes graus de participação, no período de 2009 a 2017. Utilizou-se a metodologia da Pesquisa - Ação Participativa (PAP), que tem como premissas básicas a vivência, práxis e conscientização (VPC) para a realização das vivências, abordando assuntos como permacultura e bioconstrução de forma co-laborativa. Desta forma, teve-se por objetivo pesquisar, estudar e descrever as vivências de bioconstrução obtendo a leitura da paisagem a partir do método do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC) e verificando se houve reflexão e conscientização sobre questões ambientais e coletivas a partir das ações realizadas, com o intuito de contribuir para o equacionamento de um problema coletivo. Os resultados apontam para uma metodologia integrada que possibilitou, a partir da coleta de entrevistas e tratamento dos dados, a formulação de um discurso coletivo, remontando a leitura da paisagem do objeto de estudo segundo a ótica dos seus participantes. / Considering the major challenges that cities currently face in relation to their sustainability, this paper studies three cases of bioconstruction experiences held in Bauru and Campinas, in a participatory manner, in three urban scales, three types of social organization and different degrees of participation, in the period from 2009 to 2017. Participatory Action Research (PAR) methodology was used, whose basic premises are the vivencia, praxis and awareness (VPC) for the realization of the experiences, dealing with subjects such as permaculture and bioconstruction of form co-labor. In this way, the objective was to research, study and describe the experiences of bioconstruction obtaining the landscape reading from the method of the Discourse of the Collective Subject (DCS) and verifying if there was reflection and awareness about environmental and collective issues from the actions carried out, with the purpose of contributing to the solution of a collective problem. The results point to an integrated methodology that enabled, through the collection of interviews and data treatment, the formulation of a collective discourse, tracing the landscape reading of the object of study according to the optics of its participants.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T14:49:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 12481734 bytes, checksum: 6875ec9b59b796f7215ebaf3e4c7f91a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Permaculture techniques are alternatives that have been developed in order to produce a permanent crop that restores the human being to the environment, taking into account the observation of the natural environment and experimentation, with the intent of improving the various factors that are contributing to the deterioration of life and nature. Thus, it seeks to restore the nature balance s that human actions have broken. The lack of sanitation has brought many negative consequences, both to human health and the environment, so the waste managing, whether solid or liquid, should be among all local governments priorities. Because the investment in peri-urban areas is inferior to the urban ones, actions focused on eliminating the diffused pollution sources like inappropriate domestic waste disposal and its impact are essential. Therefore, this study intended to demonstrate among local communities that cultivation and the solid and liquid wastes could be sustainably combined. Permaculture activities were carried out: in a familiar way with children from the Escola Elementar Nova Vida, in Pitimbu Municipality-PB; solid waste was reused in handmade artifact in the maroon community of Ipiranga, in the Gurugi district, Conde, PB; and deployment of ecological tanks, with banana circles, for the treatment of greywater, in Engenho Velho, and the evapotranspiration tanks (green tanks for blackwater treatment) in the Condomínio Amizade in João Pessoa, PB. Motivating the communities to develop the proposed activities was a challenge, and only a few people participated. However, after the implementation of the activities there was a general feeling of satisfaction among the participants. The goal of this project was the adoption of Environmental Social technics by specific communities that would later on work as models to be copied by other communities. We have achieved the purpose of the project as we noticed that not only the methodologies have improved the communities where they were implemented, but also that those were spread and adopted by other communities, showing the appropriation of these technologies by the people of these communities. / Técnicas permaculturais são alternativas que vêm sendo desenvolvidas, no intuito de produzir uma cultura permanente que reintegra o ser humano ao ambiente, levando em consideração a observação do meio natural e a experimentação no sentido de aprimorar os diversos fatores que estão auxiliando a degradar a vida e a natureza. Dessa forma, busca restituir o equilíbrio natural que as ações humanas têm quebrado. A falta de saneamento básico tem trazido muitas consequências negativas, tanto à saúde humana quanto ao ambiente, deste modo, gerenciar os resíduos gerados, sejam sólidos ou líquidos deveria estar entre as prioridades dos governos municipais. Como em regiões periurbanas há menos investimento nesta área que nos centros urbanos, ações que diminuam os impactos dos resíduos, no sentido de eliminar as fontes de poluição difusa, como a destinação inadequada do lixo e dos esgotos domésticos são essenciais. Assim, este trabalho visou realizar ações demonstrativas em comunidades da Paraíba, de como os resíduos sólidos, os líquidos e a plantação podem ser integrados de forma sustentável. Foram desenvolvidas atividades de Permacultura, com o plantio de hortas agroecológicas, junto aos alunos da Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental de Nova Vida, no Assentamento Nova Vida em Pitimbu; de reuso de resíduos sólidos à produção artística na comunidade quilombola de Ipiranga, no distrito de Gurugi em Conde; e a implantação de fossas ecológicas com a construção de Círculos de Bananeiras no Vale do Gramame, para o tratamento de águas cinzas, e do Tanque de Evapotranspiração no Condomínio Amizade, para o tratamento de águas negras, em João Pessoa. Deparou-se com a dificuldade de articulação comunitária nos locais e apenas poucas pessoas participaram das atividades propostas. No entanto, após as ações desenvolvidas, verificou-se a satisfação de todos os que participaram destas. Como o objetivo deste trabalho foi a implementação de algumas Tecnologias Socioambientais nas comunidades, para servir de modelo para a sua replicação por outros comunitários, pode-se dizer que para além dos resultados positivos da implantação das tecnologias por si, visto que melhorou bastante as áreas em que foram aplicadas, pela eliminação de esgotos a céu aberto, houve a disseminação das técnicas permaculturais que já foram reaplicadas em outros locais, o que demonstra a apropriação destas metodologias pelas pessoas das comunidades.

A pesquisa organizada em quatro partes a partir do sistema de planejamento denominado Dragon Dreaming teve como objetivo a elaboração de um modelo de diretrizes para o desenvolvimento de ecovilas urbanas que possam ser utilizadas como opção para a transformação de bairros existentes ou a criação de novos assentamentos urbanos sustentáveis. Para isso foram abordados aspectos teóricos, visitas técnicas e participação em eventos sobre o tema que, a partir de métodos colaborativos, fundamentaram o processo de criação e implantação de um estudo de caso denominado Ecovila Urbana Sta. Margarida no município de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil, como parte experimental da pesquisa. A parte I SONHO apresenta as aspirações individuais que, expressas de forma teórica na pesquisa, estabelecem o referencial coletivo incluindo os conceitos do termo Ecovila e das Dimensões da Sustentabilidade; a parte II PLANEJAMENTO foi estruturada para adequar a teoria ao ambiente referente à parte experimental da pesquisa a partir de estratégias e alternativas; a parte III REALIZAÇÃO apresenta os conceitos e ideias viáveis e possíveis de serem postos em prática a partir da consolidação do projeto da Ecovila Sta. Margarida e dos resultados não previstos; e a parte IV CELEBRAÇÃO estabelece o fechamento do ciclo acrescentando, a partir da prática, uma nova experiência, possibilitando a reprodução do experimento e da pesquisa ampliando, desta forma, a rede de ecovilas e consequentemente a qualidade de vida. Os elementos e sistemas fundamentados na Permacultura e Avaliação de Ciclo Fechado previstos para a constituição da Ecovila Sta. Margarida, em processo de aprovação pelos órgãos públicos, que complementam a legislação urbana, levando-se em conta as normas da Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas - ABNT, caracterizam o assentamento como uma Ecovila e formam as diretrizes pretendidas organizadas em formato de um projeto de Lei Municipal, criando parâmetros para o planejamento, avaliação e aprovação de novas ecovilas. / This research, organized into four parts, based on a planning system called Dragon Dreaming, aims at creating a guideline model for the development of urban ecovillages. This model can be used as an option for transforming existing neighborhoods or creating new sustainable urban settlements. For that, technical visits, participation in events on the subject, and addressing theoretical aspects led to collaborative methods, that substantiated the process of creating and implementing a case study called Santa Margarida Urban Ecovillage in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, as part of the experimental research. Part I, DREAM, presents individual aspirations that, expressed theoretically in the research, establish the collective reference that include the concepts of the term \"ecovillage\" and the Dimensions of Sustainability; Part II, PLANNING, was structured to ensure suitability between theory and environment as presented in the experimental part of the research and was based on strategies and alternatives; Part II, PLANNING, was structured to ensure that the theory was adequate to the environment, as presented in the experimental part of the research and based on strategies and alternatives; Part III, ACHIEVEMENT, presents feasible concepts, as experienced in the consolidation of the project Santa Margarida Ecovillage, in which unanticipated results were also considered and, Part IV CELEBRATION establishes the closing of the cycle, and, based on practice, adds a new experience, that enables future reproduction of the experiment and the research, thus contributing to the expansion of ecovillage networks and consequently the quality of life. The elements and systems based on the Permaculture and Evaluation of Closed Cycle planned for the creation of the Santa Margarida Ecovillage (today undergoing government approval procedures) complement the urban legislation, that takes into account the regulations established by the Brazilian Association for Technical Standards - ABNT, characterize the settlement as an ecovillage and constitute guidelines in a format of Municipal Law project, thereby creating parameters for planning, assessment and approval of new ecovillages.

This thesis explores how to overcome barriers to growing food in yards in cities of North America’s Pacific Northwest Coastal Region, to help build towards a more sustainable society. We used a survey and interviews to investigate what barriers prevent people with access to yards from growing food, or prevent them from increasing the amount of food grown in their yards, and how these barriers can be overcome. We also collected data to determine the resource inputs and production and/or financial outputs for three groups of people involved with growing food in yards: Do-it-yourself gardeners, Consultants involved with designing and implementing food gardens, and Commercial Urban Farmers. This allowed us to gain a better understanding of the current reality and identify what role these groups can play in helping to overcome the barriers. Based on our results, we made a list of recommended actions that are tangible, move in the right direction towards sustainability, can act as stepping stones for future improvements, and could provide a positive return on investment, in order to help individuals with access to yards who are interested in growing food overcome the barriers facing them.

[pt] Este estudo se concentra na implantação de um projeto de turismo regenerativo no Rancho Dourado, denominado como Unidade Demonstrativa de Sustentabilidade (UDS), localizada em Três Rios, RJ, na região serrana. Com base nesse contexto, desenvolveu-se um plano de ação com o propósito de viabilizar a adoção desse modelo de negócios em áreas rurais. O foco principal deste estudo é apresentar um modelo de negócios com dois componentes interconectados, um com fins lucrativos que sustente outro, filantrópico Os princípios da permacultura e da ecosofia fundamentam uma base ética que orienta a ação, destacando a percepção da interdependência entre todos os seres vivos do planeta. O turismo regenerativo é destacado como uma resposta às preocupações ambientais e sociais. Ele exige uma abordagem responsável, integrada e sistêmica para garantir sua sustentabilidade como atividade econômica. No contexto específico de Três Rios, onde a UDS está localizada, o município enfrenta sérios problemas ambientais devido à exploração intensiva de recursos naturais, incluindo desmatamento, pecuária, industrialização e especulação imobiliária, resultando em uma significativa redução na cobertura florestal. Portanto, a implantação do turismo regenerativo em Três Rios é considerada benéfica, com potencial para gerar um impacto positivo e regenerativo no município, contrapondo-se aos desafios climáticos, sociais e ambientais enfrentados pela região. A Unidade Demonstrativa de Sustentabilidade (UDS) desempenha um papel fundamental como atrativo e laboratório prático de sustentabilidade para esse modelo de negócios. / [en] This study focuses on the implementation of a regenerative tourism project at Rancho Dourado, referred to as a Sustainable Demonstration Unit (SDU), located in Três Rios, RJ, a mountainous region. Within this context, an action plan was developed with the purpose of facilitating the adoption of this business model in rural areas. The main focus of this study is to present a business model with two interconnected components, one for profit, supporting a philanthropic one. The principles of permaculture and ecosophy form an ethical foundation that guides action, emphasizing the perception of interdependence among all living beings on the planet. Regenerative tourism stands out as a response to environmental and social concerns. It requires a responsible, integrated, and systemic approach to ensure itssustainability as an economic activity. In the specific context of Três Rios, where the SDU is located, the municipality faces serious environmental issues due to the intensive exploitation of natural resources, including deforestation, livestock farming, industrialization, and real estate speculation, resulting in a barren landscape and significant reduction in forest coverage. Therefore, the implementation of regenerative tourism in Três Rios is considered beneficial, with the potential to generate a positive and regenerative impact on the municipality, counteracting the climate,social, and environmental challenges faced by the region. The Sustainable Demonstration Unit (SDU) plays a fundamental role as an attraction and practical sustainability laboratory for this business model.

[pt] Esta dissertação apresenta um debate sobre a técnica que aproveita os materiais disponíveis no local. Este debate começa pelo próprio conceito de técnica e pela ideia de progresso técnico, para se esclarecer mais sobre a natureza da técnica que estamos pesquisando. Diferentes movimentos que se relacionam à técnica que estamos pesquisando são apresentados, como a tecnologia apropriada, a permacultura e a arquitetura popular tradicional. O objeto de estudo é a construção em terra crua, bambu e fibras naturais, que são os materiais pesquisados no Laboratório de Investigação em Living Design (LILD). É utilizada a metodologia prática deste laboratório e sua experiência prévia com técnicas que trabalham com estes materiais para dar prosseguimento à investigação. / [en] This dissertation presents a discussion on the technique that uses materials available on site. This discussion begins with the concept of technique and the idea of technical progress, to further clarify the nature of the technique that we are researching. Different movements that relate to the technique that we are researching are presented, such as appropriate technology, permaculture and traditional folk architecture. The object of investigation is buildings with mud, bamboo and natural fibers, which are the materials studied by the Laboratório de Investigação em Living Design (LILD). This study uses the practical methodology of the laboratory and its previous experience with techniques that work with these materials to continue the investigation.

This thesis contends that; in mainstream rural residential development around the Australian Capital Territory, use of community title guidelines for sub-division should consider social processes and environmental considerations along-side economic imperatives and interactions. Community title is a form of land tenure that allows for private freehold ownership of land as well as community owned land within the one sub-division. In New South Wales, community title was introduced in 1990 under the Community Land Development Act 1989 (NSW) and the Community Land Management Act 1989 (NSW). Since the introduction of community title, upwards of one hundred and fifty developments, ranging from just a few blocks to the size of small suburbs, have been approved throughout the state. The original aim of community title was to provide a legal framework that underpinned theme-based broad-acre development. Themebased development could include a Permaculture© village, a rural retreat for likeminded equine enthusiasts, or even a medieval village. Community title is also seen as an expedient form of land tenure for both developers and shire councils. Under community title, a developer only has to submit a single development application for a multi-stage development. This can significantly reduce a developer's exposure to risk. From a shire council's perspective, common land and resources within a development, which would otherwise revert to council responsibility for management, becomes the collective responsibility of all the land owners within the development, effectively obviating council from any responsibility for management of that land. Community title is also being touted in planning and policy as a way of achieving 'sustainable' environmental management in new subdivisions. The apparent expediency of community title has meant that development under these guidelines has very quickly moved beyond theme-based development into mainstream rural residential development. Community title effectively provides a framework for participatory governance of these developments. The rules governing a community title development are set out in the management statement, which is submitted to the local council and the state government with the development application. A community association, which includes all lot owners, manages the development. Unless written into the original development application, the council has no role in the management of the common land and resources. This thesis looks at the peri-urban zone around one of Australia's fastest growing cities - Canberra, whose population growth and relative affluence is impacting on rural residential activity in the shires surrounding the Australian Capital Territory. Yarrowlumla Shire, immediately adjacent to the ACT, has experienced a 362 percent increase in population since 1971. Much of this growth has been in the form of rural residential or hobby farm development. Since 1990, about fifteen percent of the development in Yarrowlumla Shire has been community title. The Yass Shire, to the north of the ACT, has shown a forty five percent population increase since 1971. Community title in that shire has accounted for over fifty percent of development since 1990. The thesis case study is set in Yass Shire. The major research question addressed in the thesis is; does community title, within the context of rural residential development around the Australian Capital Territory, facilitate community-based environmental management and education? Subsidiary questions are; what are the issues in and around rural residential developments within the context of the study, who are the stakeholders and what role do they play and; what skills and support are required to facilitate community-based environmental management and education within the context of the study area? To answer the research questions I undertook an interpretive case study, using ethnographic methods, of rural residential development near the village of Murrumbateman in the Yass Shire, thirty kilometres north of Canberra. At the time of the study, which was undertaken in 1996, the developments involved had been established for about four years. The case study revealed that, as a result of stakeholders and residents not being prepared for the management implications of community title, un-necessary conflict was created between residents and between residents and stakeholders. Community-based environmental management issues were not considered until these issues of conflict were addressed and residents had spent enough time in the estates to familiarise themselves with their environment and with each other. Once residents realised that decisions made by the community association could affect them, there developed a desire to participate in the process of management. Eventually, earlier obstacles were overcome and a sense of community began to develop through involvement in the community association. As residents became more involved, the benefits of having ownership of the community association began to emerge. However, this research found that management of a broad acre rural residential development under community title was far more complicated than any of the stakeholders, or any but the most legally minded residents, were prepared for.

The focus of this study is to explore and expand farmer learning processes in sustainable agriculture workplace contexts. It examines change oriented learning processes in the context of three sustainable agriculture practices. The study begins by discussing the history and emergence of environmental discourses and approaches; sustainable agriculture; and the histories of three kinds of sustainable agriculture practices: Permaculture, Organic Farming and Machobane Farming System. It also traces the evolution of agricultural extension approaches within the wider context of education for sustainable development. The main focus of the study is an exploration of how farmer learning can be mediated through an expansive learning process. The study methodology surfaces some of the contradictions in sustainable agriculture and learning activity systems that farmers encounter in learning and practising sustainable agriculture. It uses these contradictions as sources of expansive learning in and between the respective activity systems of farmers, sustainable agriculture facilitators, agricultural extension workers (conventional) and organic entrepreneurs. As shown in the study, the expansive learning processes result in the modelling, implementation and reviewing of solutions to contradictions being faced in the learning and practice of sustainable agriculture. The study also proposes a number of tools that can be adapted and used by development farmers and agricultural trainers to examine and expand learning as well as build farmer agency. The study was conducted in three case study sites in Lesotho, South Africa and Zimbabwe. In Zimbabwe the study is located in Hwedza district in the St Margaret Primary School and community that learn, practise and facilitate the learning of Permaculture within the Schools and Colleges Permaculture Programme (SCOPE). The second study site is in South Africa: Durban urban and peri-urban areas where a community of organic farmers, facilitators and entrepreneurs coordinate the marketing of their produce through Isidore Farm and Earth Mother Organic and support each other to learn and practise organic farming. The third study site is based in the Mafeteng and Mohale‟s Hoek districts of Lesotho where the focus was on farmers who learn and practise the Machobane Farming System (MFS) and are supported in this by the Rural Self Development Association (RSDA) and the Machobane Agricultural Development Foundation (MADF). Drawing on three sensitising concepts of dialectics, reflexivity and agency, the study worked with Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) underpinned by critical realism to reveal how farmer learning is mediated and expanded. The theory of practice/habitus also provided a useful theoretical lens with which to examine data generated. Using a two-phased, multiple embedded case study approach, the study worked within the broad framework of social learning. It used semi-structured individual and group interviews, observations and document analysis to explore learning processes and generate „mirror‟ data. This data was then used in Change Laboratory Workshops, within the Developmental Work Research methodology, where double stimulation and focus group discussions contributed to expanding learning processes. Drawing on critical realism the study used inductive, abductive and retroductive modes of inference to analyse data in each case study as well as across case studies. The findings of the study reveal that farmer learning is influenced by both intrinsic motives, such as identity, and extrinsic motives which are primarily associated with economic, ecological and health benefits. Farmers learn through scaffolding and mediating tools that link everyday and scientific knowledge. They also learn from fellow farmers through observation, practising and experimentation. Some of the issues that were raised in connection with farmer learning processes are: language; time to learn, practice and appropriate concepts; time to improve the natural resource base while at the same time improving income generation; and responses to climate change. The study also found that farmer learning and practice of sustainable agriculture in the case studies investigated, is influenced by past and current agricultural and educational policies; societal values and attitudes; social and cultural backgrounds; work affordances and gender relations; quality of training offered; poverty; and, HIV and AIDS. In the second phase of the study, which built on the problematic situations being encountered by research participants (sustainable agriculture farmers, sustainable agriculture facilitators, extension workers, and organic marketers) to surface contradictions, the main finding was that the expansive learning process has potential to enhance farmer learning and practice of sustainable agriculture. It does this by mobilising distributed cognition among participants as well as their preparedness to act. Through the expansive learning processes in each case study, research participants were able to question their practices, surface contradictions, model solutions and implement them, and thus build individual, collective and relational agency reflexively. Observation of this required micro-analysis of agentive talk and reflective talk. The study contributes in-depth insight into participatory research and learning processes, especially within the context of people-centred learning and innovation in the agricultural development arena. It provides empirical and explanatory insight into how change oriented social learning can emerge and be expanded in Education for Sustainable Development, explaining learning and change relationships in three sustainable agricultural practices. It also provides learning and extension tools to work with contradictions that arise from intentionality, experience, context and history in farming and training activity systems. Its key contribution lies in providing in-depth insight into mobilisation of human agency and reflexivity in change oriented sustainable agriculture learning and development, processes that are critical for responding to contemporary socio-ecological issues and risks.

Le sujet d’étude de cette recherche est le jardin martiniquais. Celui qui s’inscrit dans le prolongement du jardin des premiers habitants de l’île : les Kalinagos. Il s’agira d’inscrire le jardin dans son contexte historique, économique, social, écologique pour comprendre la place qu’il a occupé dans la construction des sociétés au fil du temps. Notre approche est donc historique et anthropologique.Nous essaierons de mettre en lumière son rôle, ses symboliques et les usages qui gravitent autour du jaden. Dans notre démonstration, nous tenterons de mettre en exergue le rôle de premier plan qu’il a joué au temps des Kalinas et de l’esclavage. Dans un second temps, nous exposerons l’importance qu’il a eue pour les sociétés paysannes qui se mettent en place après 1848 avant de s’attarder sur la place centrale qu’il occupe aujourd’hui. Un jardin qui dispense des valeurs sociétales, jaden résistance qui revient au devant de la scène à chaque temps de crise d’où son importance actuelle. Il sera aussi démontré l’importance écologique du jaden, capable de proposer des solutions aux problématiques agricoles de nos sociétés modernes.Nous découvrirons à quel point la population de la Martinique a pris conscience de l’importance du jaden depuis la crise de 2009, ce qui a contribué à son renouveau. Nous montrerons également à quel point il a su s’adapter pour répondre aux besoins de son temps et perdurer et qui l’inscrit en permanence dans la modernité. Enfin il serait intéressant de le présenter comme un jaden ancien qui peut servir d’exemple pour nos sociétés d’aujourd’hui. / The topic of this research is the Martinican garden. The very one which is a legacy of the garden of the first inhabitants of the island : the Kalinagos. It shall be necessary to seat the garden in its historical, social, economic and ecological context to understand the place it has hold in the construction of society over time. Thus, our approach shall be both historical and anthropological. We shall try to shed light on its role, its symbolism and the customs that turn around the jaden. In our demonstration, we shall try to bring out the paramount role it played in the days of the Kalinas and during slavery; then focus on its importance for the rural societies after 1848 and finally reveal its central place this day and age. A garden which conveys societal values, a jaden of resistance that is center stage in time of crisis hence its importance today. The ecological importance of the jaden shall be enlightened, seeing as it is able to offer solutions to the agricultural issues of our modern societies. We shall prove to what extent the Martinican population has become aware of the importance of having a jaden since the crisis of 2009, which contributed to its come back. We shall also tackle the issue of knowing to what extent it has adapted to our current needs and how it has fell within modernity. Last, we shall present it as an ancient jaden that may be a model for our current society. / El asunto de esta investigación es el jardín martiniqueño. El que se inscribe en la continuación del jardín de los primeros habitantes de la isla: los kalinagos. Se tratará de estudiar el jardín en su contexto histórico, económico, social, ecológico para comprender el lugar que tuvo en la construcción de las sociedades a lo largo del tiempo. Nuestro enfoque es, entonces, histórico y antropológico.Trataremos de poner de relieve su papel, sus simbólicas y los usos que giran entorno al "jaden".En nuestra demostración intentaremos poner de realce el papel de primer plano que tuvo en la época de los Kalinas y de la esclavitud, y a continuación veremos la importancia que tuvo para las sociedades campesinas que se instalaron después de 1848, antes de tener el lugar central que hoy ocupa. Un jardín que enseña los valores de las sociedades, un jaden de resistencia que hoy regresa delante del escenario, en cada época de crisis, de ahí su importancia actual. También demostraremos la importancia ecológica del jardín, capaz de proponer soluciones a las problemáticas agrícolas de nuestras sociedades modernas.Mostraremos hasta qué punto la población martiniqueña ha tomado conciencia del jardín después de la crisis de 2009, lo que ha favorecido su renacimiento. Mostraremos también cuánto ha podido adaptarse para responder a las necesidades de su época y perdurar , lo que hace de éste, un jardín todavía inscrito en la modernidad. Por fin, Sería interesante presentarlo como un jardín antiguo que puede servir de ejemplo para nuestras sociedades actuales.